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Officers of the Society for 1849
Price of the Transactions
Explanation of the Plates
Addenda et Corrigenda .
Additions to the Library from the 1st January, 1847, to the 31st Decem-
ber, 1849 .
Additions to the Collections from 1st January, 1847, to 31st December,
1849
By-Laws of the Entomological Society of London, altered and adopted
at a Special Meeting held on the 8th November, 1848
xi
XV
]
Journal of Proceedings from January, 1847, to December, 1849 . i—lxxxix
General Index to Volumes I. to V. .
VI.
MEMOIRS.
PEA ROT. §.. 1847.
. On the Habits of the “ Drivers,” or Visiting Ants of West Africa.
By the Rev. Tuomas S. Savace, M.D., &c..
. Description of the Driver Ants mentioned in the preceding Article.
By J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S., &c.
. Descriptions of two new Goliath Beetles from Cape Palmas. By
J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S., &.
. Description of a new British Moth. By J. W. Dovetas, Esq.
. Description of a new Species of the Coleopterous Family Pousside,
from India. By J. O. Wesrwoop, Esq., F.L.S., &c. .
Description of another new Species of Paussus from India, with
Notes of other additional Species. By J. O. Westwoop, Esq.,
Fuls.5,5) ees AP Mee nak atts ED eae ck RAT,
. 239
oe:
vi CONTENTS.
Page
VII. On the Gall formed by Diphucrania auriflua, Hope, a
Species of Buprestidc. By W. W. Saunvers, Esq., F.L.S. 27
Journal of Proceedings? . > .'sy “of «02° 2), ee = i
PART II. 1847.
VIII. Description of a new Species of Paussus from Southern
Africa. By J. O. Westwoop, Esq, F.L.S.,&c. . . . 29
IX. Descriptions of some new Species of Exotic Cetoniide. By
the Rev. F. W. Hors, F.R.S., &c. °
X. Descriptions of two new Exotic Species of the Genus Papilio.
By J. O. -Westwoop, Esq., F-L.S.,&e. . . . . - » 36
XI. Description of some Species of the Lepidopterous Genus
Oiketicus, from Ceylon. By Roserr Temp.eron, Esq.,
XII. Remarks on the Habits and Economy ofa Species of Ovketicus,
found near Sydney, New South Wales. By W. W. Saunpers,
32
Bsq...e se Sh eeeeeee, Wako cos Pte enw meee
XIII. Notes upon Ceylonese Lepidoptera. By Rosert Tempe-
TON HSUs gO csp ce vel) sic ic oe. Seaman
XIV. Notes on Indian Lepidoptera. By Captain Tuomas Hutton 45
Jopmalyor Rroceedinos® « padg. scoelem cee te atoMe ys) rang el NY,
PART OI. 1848.
XIV. Notes on Indian Lepidoptera. By Captain Tuomas Hutton
== (COMEANUCEH): +" is.) ye ak S Batle Pa Be deals acta oumls eo eS
XV. Descriptions of several new Species of Heleide from Australia.
By the Rev. FW. Hore; F.RS.,.0ce5 om) wavs ol Gi. 52
XVI. Observations on the Spher figulus of Linneus (Tryporylon
jigulus, Latr. Fab., &c.), and other Hymenoptera. By F.
Smitu, Esq. Statens (is: Maier wc Sao er eee
XVII. Description of Chetrotonus Parrii, a new Species of the
Family Euchiride. By J. E. Gray, Esq., F.R.S., &e. . 59
XVIII. Notes on Aphides. By F. Wauxer, Esq. . . . . . . 60
XIX. Notes on the Natural History of Aphides. By Dr. H.Scuaum 62
XX. Two Decades of new Cetoniide. By Dr. H.Scuaum . . 64
Journalpot Proceedings..%). is. ty eluke ee) ome ea ee KVL
CONTENTS. vil
PART IV. -1848.
Page
XX. Two Decades of new Cetoniide. sei Dr. H. Scuaum—
(continued) . «. - . . 69
XXI. Monograph of the British Sitios of te Genne Chry ‘ysopa.
By W.. Bo Hivans, Esq. 5. 0 5. S5) cy eye os SEP:
XXII. Description and Notes upon some new and rare Caper
By J.. Fos. Parky, Esq.,)FE.S.- . . . 80
XXIII. Extract of a Letter from Capt. Tuomas ig in HL E.L.C.,
to. J. O: Weatwoon, eqs 2 05.)* 408 3) ee, eee 80
XXIV. Descriptions of some new Species of Mydaside from Western
Australia. By J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S.,&ce. « - 87
XXYV. Descriptions of some new Exotic Species of Acroceridé
(Vesiculosa, Latr.), a Family of Dipterous Insects. By
J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S.,&c.. . . . . +--+ - 91
Journal of Proceedings. . . - 2. + + © + + « «© © «© ¢ © XXIX
PART V. 1848.
XXVI. Note on a Variety of Segetia Ae ssh J. W.
Wouauas, Esqe sj = 5 OE
XXVII. Sketch of the Genus Preibicssih peionanty to the Hemip-
terous Family Scutelleride. By W.S. Datuas, Esq. . . 100
XXVIII. Description of some Species of Geometride from South
America, forming a new Genus. By E. Dousiepay, Esq.,
Bal Srueia sa SOS seals. = dng Suet ge ie aire
Journal of Proceedings 5. fu) -5 4) es he G) Sse es ee
PARE VE, #849.
XXIX. Descriptions of some i ace. British pent
By Wi: Wine; Esq... “25. oop ls
XXX. Extracts from a Paper by Zeller, published in ihe Rifioea
Entomologica, Vol. 3, on the “ Leaf-mining Tinee, with
Eye-caps” (Augendeckeln), with Remarks. - He
Stamton, Esq. . . . « soy (on te 2
XXXI. On the Synonyms of Tinea festaliella of Hiibner. By H.T.
STAINTON USdees eee of che ffs sce” a) vole yey yc ke
XXXII. Descriptions of several new Species of Ce/oniide collected in
India by Col. Hearsey, Capt. Boys, and W. H. Benson, ma
By J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S.,&c. - . . es
XXXIII. On the Species of Depressaria, a Genus of Te and the
allied Genera Orthotelia and Everetia. By H. T.
STAINGON, DSGs cs 4 sls se) «8 1 ae eo WOR
Vill CONTENTS.
PART VII. - 1849.
Page
XXXIII. On the Species of Depressaria, Orthotelia, and Everetia
—(CONGINUEE ite aR ee Fos | ME ee oem as te LOU
XXXIV. On the British Species of the Genus Gelechia of Zeller.
By. We Doucwas disqsa-s cs |: a. ener tc
XXXV. Descriptions of some new Species of Coleoptera. By J. F.
N.PARRY, Hsgi, PaliS.e es a ee! Ge eee te une
XXXVI. Notice of some Hemipterous Insects from Boutan (East
Indies), with Descriptions of the new Species. By W. S.
DALLAS, Hisgs5 S20. oy a pce ects eiiaeigsa s= 4 2 LOO
Jourmalyof éProceedings | (05 Wie. fhe: Saasa aPelAteeiae tee Uotxlin
PART VIL, 1849)
XXXVI. Notice of some Hemipterous Insects from Boutan. By
W.S. Datuas, Esq., F.L.S.—(continued.) . . . . 191
XXXVITI. On the British Species of the Genus Gelechia of Zeller.
By J. W. Douctas, Esq.—(continued.)}. . . . . . 195
XXXVIII. Descriptions of some new Exotic Coleoptera. By J. O.
Winstwoop, Wsg., FALIS@&c...0a) 6 eae sys +e 202
Journalvof Proceedings, cw). +< ssae 5 couse. Wes fv ticl geet, tl Debcvii
By-Laws altered and adopted at a Special Meeting held November 8,
SSO Me ete ae cee nee vu See” us Se tow ta et ae eet
PART IX. 1849.
XXXIX. On some new Species of Erycina. By W. W. Saunpers,
ISG Geb wise eel. eee eee ee en Eee ce sel
XL. On a new Species of the Dipterous Genus Ceria. By
IW. Wi. SAUNDERS, MEsGi sl SO. egies ie ilan ts 2 « 200
XLI. Diptera nonnulla Exotica descripta. By J.O.Wersrwoop,
Isic, Seeds ee ol Dementia te Mer hs). oer oneie amen
Generaleindexitow ols. o——Ve~ cy s usm sss 5 psu edie DumeEmeoe
ContentsiofaViol. Vi, Mitles&c. 9s. eg. s+ 4 ie) eadeeo nee. pee
Additions to the Library from Ist January, 1847 . . . . «w . . Xi
Additions to the Collections from Ist January, 1847 . . . . . . XV
SOUMMBL Ol PLOCCEEINES 4 civ ke ol 4s oi Vig a Re atuey aun ietlte eee KEY,
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
———<-——
PLATE PAGE
I. Smicorhina Sayii......ccecsercees Spodounccdcoooeanaose. Le)
Megalorhina Harrisii .......+. oboe noo 0006 acloomogomond 20
UP Anchuyloperarsubvarcuanaicclereseieis)eiricyelels ee lclel<iaicleleieleleieieleiei so) 2 L
Merismoderus Bensoni......- opomoooopGoe anoinocendobGoES PA!
Paussts! Jer dante ercielete «as clatelele Rieisiersicistetere crater aD oO.6oI0bOD 26
Diphucrania auriflua and the galls formed thereby ......... o PU
PCUSSUSPE. GUTGTUSH eters) state eet rel tel etenere slalelcleteheleberstersiaraietalaleie ion oo,
DIT. Papilio Erostratus and P.1Zetes 000 «10 soc oe ssieicis +s Sco0m00 Ghi)
IVE: New Eixotics@etontid@: W.1ic vic cio ctaie se as lei ou welelaccie oes 500 | GY
Vi Oiketicus tentius and On Consortuse’s so s'c.c0.00 ode ee ce snee oe 39
Saturnia Selene (Plectropteron Diana).....+++seceesereee « 45
VI. & VII. New Species of Heleide .......... aoerone aller sferavelevete! oy new | Oe
WEIS New Species ole Cetontidast cote els alas srafemnle oe \otyois elsicise «0 64
IX. & X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.
XIX.
XX. & XXI.
XXII.
XXIII.
Nemoptera Huttii ......++++++++++ Journal of Proceedings, xxvii
British Species of the Genus Chrysopa .......eeeeeeeeeeeee 77
Cicindela Assamensis and Cx Shivalt) sie ccleie «' cfeieesvele +) ele|« se 6 80
Protetia Whitehousii .......- steleiaierallalsievers Sopoocaueococen Oh
Macronota quadrivittata......esseeeeeees wisicleisialsletel elel.slel sie 81
Clinteniaganceriaartarer srevelcte stale) of elelalelereietelelereyeverelaievereicicvartas 81
Chinteniaypantienviiaie states \ereletatelare) cialere stole sielete ol stevere otsteratere 82
Din honianiuly osahmele\e stetelejetevol-\cleleleloteys/aisiieieleiel ols soleleleleyeleieie 8
Piycoraylenocuniiai stig sera terloiolcie celeron velco s sestsistel cts Yatetoete 82
Metaxymorpha Grayii.....se see ceceeee helalelerelelctelotersrara ess 82
Species of Geometride, forming the new Genus Erateina ..... 110
New Species of Diptera (Mydasid@).........-- otib OOOO ObOr 87
New Species of Hemiptera (Genus Pecilocoris) ....++.+. ace) LOO
Segetia xanthographa, variely..... 560 00Dt ejotelatclh erevereneronst= Aes)
Hermaphrodite British Lepidoptera .....+++.06+ 5000 00000 119
Satwunmia [eto) o/s eee eise « -....--Journal of Proceedings, li
New Species of Cetuniide ..... auetsroreilels ete) chelsls) elerere HOODS OC 144
New Species of Depressaria ..........005 pen coesansHdooD 151
New Species of Coleoptera........++- poosonoT pooD0d0I00 06 179
ELEMUPLEn GAG MP DOULA eleliotel letersi! s eieielalelel ciels’eheletelera!=\clelorelele 186
New Species of Erycina....... bog ooddODCOR BOO OOUOOL ee 215
New Exotic Coleoptera ......... “00660000 00,00 siet feretoneteyats 202
New Species of Erycina and Diptera ......++++++ee0e 215 & 231
ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.
Page xxvii—Journal of Proceedings, line three from bottom, for female read male, .
and in the last line for male read female.
li—Journal of Proceedings, line six from bottom, add (Pl. XV.)
ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY
FROM THE lst JANUARY, 1847, TO THE 31st DECEMBER, 1849.
The Academy ...... Académie de Sciences de Belgique, Annales et Bulletin de.
Vols. 13 and 14.
IDRE@ coo oocoso Dc — Annuaire. 1848.
Ditto ...........—————_ Mémoires Couronnés et Mémoires des Savans
Etrangers. 1848. Vols. 20 and 21.
The Academy ......Académie Royale de Bruxelles, Nouveaux Mémoires de I’.
Vols. 19 and 20.
ID)URY GoobauGeooe — Annuaires de. 1846 and 1847.
The Author ........Akis Punctata and Donacie, Notes on. By M. Mulsant.
The Publisher...... Almanac, The Naturalist’s. 1847.
The Author ........Animals still found in a living State in the Stomachs of
Oysters, On the. By the Rev. J. B. Reade.
The Editor ........ Atheneum, The. May, September, October, November,
December, 1846; November and December, 1847; Feb-
ruary to December, 1848 ; April to August, 1849.
The Author ........ Athlophorus Klugiit, Memoir on. By Dr. H. Burmeister.
Royal Academy ee Akademie der Wissenschaften, Abhandlungen
Bavaria -...0. der Mathemat. Physikal. Viert. Band. 3 Abth.
Ditto ....606--..———— —— — Almanac of. 1847.
Ditto) se.ehels e126 <— ae Bulletin of. 1846. pp. 1—77.
ins Ghilngecoovesce Berwickshire Naturalists’ Field Club, Annual Address deli-
vered to. By R. Embleton, Esq.
LOMKGY Gooleo Gooner — -—-—— Proceedings of. Pp. 197—260.
W. Spence, Esq..... British Association for the Advancement of Science, Reports.
1843—1847.
The Author ........- Broscosoma, a new Genus of Carabide, Description of. By
M. Putzeys.
Whey Editor’ <a... Calcutta Journal of Natural History. No, 17—24.
The Library........—— Public Library, Catalogue of, and Report of
Librarian.
The Author ........ Carabiques, Observations sur quelques Genres de. By M.
Le Baron Chaudin.
Ditto ...,.......Carabiques et Hydrocanthares du Caucase, Enumeration de.
By M. Le Baron Chaudin.
xl ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY
The Author ........Catalogus des Insectes recueillies par M. Lehman. By M.
Ménétries.
The Author ........Coléoptéves Phytophages, Monographie de. Vol. 1. By M.
Th. Lacordaire.
The Author ........Conspectus Crustaceorum. Part 1. By — Dana, Esq.
The Author....... .Curculionidum, Generum et Specierum Catalogus. By M.
H. Jekel.
The Author ........——-——-—— Mantissa Secunda. By M. C. J. Schénherr.
Committee of Museum.. Dublin University Museum, Report of.
The Author........Entomographie de la Russie. Vol. 4. By Dr. Fischer de
Waldheim.
The Editor ........Gazette, The Agricultural. May, 1847.
The Author ........Genera Insectorum. Part 10. By Dr. H. Burmeister.
bewAthon cyorie relate Genera et Species Trichopterorum. Part]. By Dr. F. A.
Kolenati.
ThevAuthoer <<... .. Handbuch der Entomologie. Vol. 5. By Dr. H. Bur-
meister.
The sAuthor ss: te.c.0chee Hessian Fly, Memoir on. By Dr. Asa Fitch.
The Author .......- Homoptera, Nya Svenska beskrifna. By C. H. Bohemann.
The Author........Illustrations of British Entomology. Part 86. By J. F.
Stephens, Esq.
The Author ........-Insectes Coléoptéres de la Siberie Orientale. By M. Le
Comte Mannerheim.
The Author ........Insectes Nuisibles a l’Agriculture. By M. Guerin-Mé-
néville.
The Author........Insectes Nuisibles aux Foréts, &. By M. Guerin-Mé-
néville.
HuhevAMthor l/s 6s bye ste Insects, Winter, of New York. By Dr. A. Fitch.
The Author ........ Insecta Caffraria. Pars1. By C. H. Bohemann.
W. Spence, Esq. ....Introduction to Entomoiogy. New Edition, 2 vols. By
Messrs, Kirby and Spence.
W. Spence, Esq. ....James Crowther, Notice of.
Imperial Soc. Nat. yJubilaum Semisecularem Doctoris Medicine et Philoso-
Moscow .:.2... § phia G. Fischer de Waldheim.
The Author ........Kaferfauna der Preuszischen Rheinlande. Vol. 1. 8vo. By
M. Bach.
Ent. Soe. Stettin ....Linnaza Entomologica. Vols. 2 and 3.
The Author, .. <0). Lithosia Carniola, Istoria dei Bruci et Larvi della. By Prof.
C. Passerini.
The Author........Littel’s Living Age. Part 21.
SINCE 1847. XV
The Editor ..,......London Geological Journal. Nos. 2 and 3.
The Lyceum ....-.Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York, Annals of. Vol. 4, parts
6=11.
The Editor ..... .--Magazine, The Agricultural. December, 1846. January to
~ June, 1847.
MherAnthor) ter etera'16 Materials for a Fauna and Flora of Swansea. By L. W.
Dilwyn, Esq.
The Author .....+...Memoir on the Circulation in the Larve of Insects. By Dr.
Verloren.
M. Foester........-Miegen, J. W., Portrait of.
Mr. Topping ....... Musca Vomitoria, A magnified Figure of the Proboscis of.
The Author ........ Museardine, La. By M. Guerin-Ménéville.
The Author ..... .-- Natural History, On the Study of, as a Branch of Education.
By R. Patterson, Esq.
-Nécessité d’introduire ]’Etude de Zoologie dans |’Enseigne-
ment Agricole. By M. Guerin-Ménéville.
The Editor......... Newspaper, Douglas Jerrold’s. Feb. 22, 1847.
The Author ......
MhevAuthorieretc terete Observations on the Application of Electricity and Galvanism
as Auxiliaries to Medicine and Surgery. By — Wright,
Esq.
MhePpAuthor 1.) -ysre10 «16 On the Closure or Obstruction of the Eustachian Tube. By
— Wright, Esq.
MhevAuthor’ «2 <1. « -t'. Palingeria Longicauda, Olivier, Beitrige zur nahern Kennt-
niss der. By Prof. C. Cornelius.
‘hel Author <-x6.</2 27-16 Pasimachus, Monograph of the Species of, in the United
States. By Major Leconte.
G. Ransome, Esq... . Portraits of Living Naturalists.
The Author........Potatoe Disease, A Treatise on. By J. Parking.
Rev. F. W. Hope....Silk, Engravings Illustrative of the Culture of, by the Chinese.
The Lnstitution......Smithsonian [nstitution, Reports of, to Jan., 1847.
DD ittorre terete ....+.Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. Vol. 1.
The Society ........Society, The Boston, U.S., Nat. Hist., Journal of. Vol. 5,
parts 2, 3, 4, 5.
WDittos sche ester
Proceedings of. Nos. 10—14.
The Society ....... ° The Entomological, of Stettin. Entomol. Zeitung of
1846 —1849.
The Society ........ Leeds Philosophical, Annual Reports of. 1846—1847.
The Society ........ Linnean, Transactions of the. Vol. 20, part 2.
Diigo og docugcC . ———— ——— Proceedings of. Parts 30—33.
IDM ococdg oo DC ——_- ———— List of Members. 1847.
The Society ........ Liverpool Literary and Philosuphical, Transactions
of. Vols. 1—4.
The Society ........ Royal, Proceedings of the. Parts 59—69.
XVI ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.
The Society ........Society, Royal, Philosophical Transactions. 1845, parts 1, 2.
1846, parts 1—4. 1847, parts 1, Qe
Royal Agricultural, Journal of the. Vol. 7, part 2.
Vol. 8, parts 1,2. Vol. 9, No. 21. Vol. 10, part 1.
Zoological, Transactions of, Vol. 3, parts 4—6.
—— Proceedings of. 1846—1848.
The Society ......--
The Society ......--
Ditto....-. 00+. ---———
Ditto............——-———_ —— Reports and Lists of Members. 1847.
Ditto. Sdo0006 — Reports of Council and Auditors, 1849.
The Society ...... .-Société Entomologique de France, Annales de la. Vol. 4.
Vol. 5, parts 1—3. Vol. 6, parts 1, 2.
The Society ..... 06 Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscow, Bulletin de
la. 1846,‘parts 3—4. 1847, parts 1, 2.
Ditto... .. ve ee..——————- Séance extraordinaire de la. 22nd Feb.
1847.
The Society ..... ele Linnéenne de Lyons, Annales de. Vol. 1.
de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, Mé-
moires de la. Tome 11, part 2. Tome 12, part 1.
Observations ‘‘ Astronomiques’” faites dans 1847
and 1848. Supp. 1 and 2.
The Society ....... - —— Royale de Lyons, Annales de. Tom. 8—11.
The Author .,......Specimen Anatomico-physiologicum de Systemate Uropoietica,
auctore G. Ph. Groshaus.
The Author ........System of Nature, The. By E. Newman.
The Author ........Du Systeme Nerveux chez les Invertebres. By M. Emile
Blanchaid.
The Society ........
MD 1tLOsetencte eter etel eieier=
The Author ........Tineid@, Systematic Catalogue of. By H.T. Stainton, (2
copies ).
The Anthor .......-Tvrichopterorum, Genera and Species. Partl. By Dr. F. A.
Kolenati.
The Club.........-Tyneside Naturalists’ Field-Club, Transactions of. Vol. 1,
part 3.
Royal Acad. Bavaria .Die Ueberbleibsel der Altaegypschen Menschenrace.
The Author ........Dei Vantaggi che |’Agricoltura puo recevare dallo Studio
dell’ Entomologia. By Sigr. C. Passerini.
The Author ........Wheat-Fly of North America, On the. By Dr. Asa Fitch.
Purchased! «<5 .. --Zoologist, The. Vols. 1—6.
E. Newman, Esq. ... ols vz
ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS
FROM THE Isr JANUARY, 1847, TO THE 31st DECEMBER, 1849.
Percy N. Hart, Esq. .. Various Insects from the Neighbourhood of Cracow.
W. Wing, Esq. .....-Nonagria Crassicornis, Four Specimens.
Miss Loudon ........ Ants’ Nests in Poland, Specimen of Gum-like Substance
found in.
J. O. Westwood, Esq... Cochineal Insects from Madeira.
W. F. Evans, Esq. .... Lophyrus Pini, Specimen of.
Ditto ..... sisi vicjeleieis Specimen of the Leather-like Material formed by Insects
over Indian Maize laid up in Store in Mexico.
Mr. Moore, Jun....... Sirex gigas Q.
Mr. Lamb ...........Sirex gigas.
— Jacques, Esq...... . Lamia Textor, Two Specimens.
G. Bedell, Esq. .-..-- British Lepidoptera, various.
W. Spence, Esq......- Three Boxes of Insects, various Orders from South Aus-
tralia.
Mrs. M. Hamilton..... A large Collection of Indian Insects.
C. A. Wilson, Esq. 4 Cottection of Insects from Adelaide, South Australi
Cee $ ollection of Insects from Adelaide, South Australia.
H. T. Stainton, Esq. .. Various British Lepidoptera.
F. Bond, Esq. ...-..-- A Cabinet of Seventy-four Drawers.
Mrs. Hofland .....-.. A Collection of Java Insects.
Captain Hutton ...... Various Insects of India.
Rev. H. Clark ........ Lixus angustatus (6) and Harpalus tardus?
C. Gregson, Esq......- Peronea permutuna (6).
J. W. Dunning, Esq. .. Agrophila sulphuralis (6).
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BY-LAWS
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF. LONDON;
ALTERED AND ADOPTED AT A SPECIAL MEETING
HELD ON THE 61H NOVEMBER, 1848.
Cuap. I. Object.
THE EnTomoLocicaAL Society oF Lonpon is instituted for the
improvement and diffusion of Entomological Science.
Cuap. II. Constitution.
The Society consists of British and Foreign Ordinary Members
and Subscribers, the number of whom shall be unlimited; of
Foreign Honorary Members, whose number shall not exceed ten ;
and of Foreign Corresponding Members, the number of whom shall
be unlimited.
Cuap. III. Management.
The affairs of the Society shall be conducted by a Council, con-
sisting of thirteen Members, to be chosen annually, four of whom
shall not be re-eligible for the following year.
Cuap. IV. Officers.
The Officers of the Society shall consist of a President; three
Vice-Presidents ; a Treasurer, who may be a Vice-President ; two
Secretaries; and a Curator.
Cuar. V. Annual Election of Officers.
The President, Treasurer and Secretaries shall be elected
annually out of the Council. The Vice-Presidents shall be nomi-
BY
2, BY-LAWS.
nated by the President, at the Meeting next after the Anniversary
Meeting, from the Council. The President and two of the Vice-
Presidents shall, however, not be eligible for re-election more than
two years successively. ‘The Curator shall be appointed by the
Council.
Cuap. VI. President.
The duty of the President shall be to preside at the Meetings of
the Society and Council, and regulate all the discussions therein,
and to execute, or see to the execution of the By-Laws and orders
of the Society.
Cuap. VII. Vice-Presidents.
1. It shall be the duty of a Vice-President, in case of the absence
of the President, to fill his place, or of a Member of the Council
then present in the absence of all the Vice-Presidents, who shall
for the time being have all the authority, privilege, and power of
President.
2. Ifno Member of the Council] shall be present at any Ordinary
Meeting, the Members present shall nominate and appoint to be
Chairman such Member as they shall deem fit.
Cuap,. VIII. Treasurer.
1. It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to receive for the use of
the Society all sums of money payable to the Society, and to dis-
burse all sums payable by the Society out of the funds in his hands.
He shall moreover furnish the Society with a true and _ particular
account of all such receipts and disbursements twenty-one days
previous to each Anniversary.
2. No payment exceeding £5, excepting for rent or taxes, shall
be made by the Treasurer without the consent of the Council.
3. The Treasurer shall keep a book of Cheque Receipts for
admission fees and annual payments; each receipt shall be signed
by himself, the date of payment and name of Member or Subscriber
paying being written both on the receipt and on the part of the
cheque which is left in the book.
4. The Treasurer shall demand all arrears of annual payment,
after such payment shall have been due three months.
5. The accounts of the Treasurer shall be audited annually pre-
viously to the Anniversary Meeting by a Committee of three Mem-
BY-LAWS. 3
bers of Council, and three Members of the Society, to be appointed
by the President, of which Committee three shall be a quorum.
Cuap. IX. Secretaries.
1. It shall be the duty of the Secretaries to keep a list of all the
Members of and Subscribers to the Society, stating their address,
place of residence, &c. ; to produce to the Council all correspondence
in any way connected with the Society at the next Meeting after
such correspondence shall have been received, or taken place; to
edit the Transactions and Proceedings under the direction of the
Council, and to take care that the Proceedings are published and
ready for delivery to the Members and Subscribers at a Meeting of
the Society within six months after the entry of such Proceedings
in the Minute Book has been confirmed.
2. Minutes of the Proceedings of Monthly and Council Meetings
shall be taken by one of the Secretaries; or, in their absence, by
any Member whom the Chairman may appoint for the occasion.
3. The Minutes shall be fairly copied by one of the Secretaries
into a Minute Book, and at the next Meeting read aloud for con-
firmation.
Cuap. X. Curator.
1. It shall be the duty of the Curator to take care of the Library
and Cabinets of the Society ;* to display, arrange, and class the
insects, &c. A Catalogue of the Library shall be made, and a
Catalogue of the insects contained in the Museum shall be kept by
him, containing the names of the donors and the times and places
of their capture, as far as practicable.
2. All Members of and Subscribers to the Society shall have
free access to the Cabinets, at the time specified in the By-Laws, for
the purpose of examination and description, excepting that if a
Member, Subscriber or Stranger present specimens of new insects
to the Society with manuscript names attached, specifying his in-
tention of publishing the same, then no individual, whether Member,
Subscriber or Stranger, shall during the space of twelve months
publish any description or figure of such specimen.
3. No Stranger shall be allowed to see the Library or Cabinets
unless in company with a Member or Subscriber, but a note addressed
* The Curator is in attendence at the Rooms of the Society every Monday
between the hours of Two and Seven o’clock, p.m., for the purpose of showing the
Collections, &c. to Members and Subscribers,
B2
4 BY-LAWS.
to the Curator, Secretary or Member in attendance, shall be deemed
a sufficient introduction, the Curator, Secretary or Member in
attendance then acting as the introducing Member.
4. No Stranger shall be permitted to take away or to describe
any insect, or to make a drawing of the same, except by special
permission of the Council previously obtained.
5. A Book for Synonyms shall be kept by the Curator, and any
Member making observations therein must sign his name to them.
Cuap. XI. Library Regulations.
1. A Catalogue of the Library and MSS. shall be kept by the
Curator, with the names of the Donors.
2. The Library and Cabinets shall be under the superintendence
of a Committee, consisting of the President and four Members, who
shall be elected by the Council at the first Meeting in February in
every year, (three of whom shall be a quorum), and who shall
render an Annual Report to the Council at the first Meeting in the
following January.
38. No Member or Subscriber shall be allowed to borrow from
the Library more than two volumes at one time, or keep in his pos-
session the same longer than one week, without leave of the Curator.
4. If the Books are torn, injured, lost, or not forthcoming when
demanded by the Curator, full compensation shall be made for the
same by the borrower.
5. The Secretaries shall call in all books borrowed from the
Library on the 5th day of January and Sth of July in every year ;
and in case the same be not returned on or before the General
Meeting of the Society in the following month, notice thereof shall
be given by the Curator to the Council, who shall then direct a
second notice to be sent to the Member or Subscriber retaining
such books, and in case the same be not returned within the further
space of four weeks from the date of such second notice, so sent,
such Member or Subscriber shail in future be disqualified from
borrowing books from the Library without the special permission
of the Council. A printed copy of the Library Regulations shall
be pasted in every work or volume in the Library.
Cuap. XII. Election and Admission of Members and
Subscribers.
1, Every Candidate for admission into the Society shall be pro-
BY-LAWS. 5
posed by three or more Members, who must sign a Certificate in
recommendation of him.
2. One of the three must have personal knowledge of the Can-
didate.
3. The Certificate shall specify the name, rank, profession, quali-
fications and usual place of residence of the Candidate.
4, The Certificate for Member having been read at one of the
Ordinary Meetings, shall be suspended in the Room, and the person
therein recommended shall be balloted for at the second Ordinary
Meeting after such reading.
5. The Certificate for Subscribers having been read at one of the
Ordinary Meetings, shall be suspended in the Room, and the person
therein recommended shall be balloted for at the next Ordinary
Meeting after such reading.
6. The Elections of Ordinary Members shall be void unless the
admission fee shall be paid within twelve months after the date of
their Election ; the Council shall, however, possess a discretionary
power to extend the time of payment.
7. The method of voting for the election of Members and Sub-
scribers is by Ballot, and two-thirds of the Members balloting shall
elect.
Cuap. XIII. Admission Fee.
1. The Admission Fee for Members shall be £2 : 2s., the Annual
Contribution £1 : 1s.; and the composition in lieu of the Annual
Contribution £10 : 10s.
2. The Annual Contribution for Subscribers is £1 : 1s., without
Admission Fee.
3. The Annual Contribution shall become due on the first day of
January in every year in advance; but any Member or Subscriber
elected after the 30th of September will not be called upon for his
subscription for the remaining portion of that year.
Cuap. XIV. Withdrawing and Removal of Members and
Subscribers.
1. Every Member or Subscriber having paid all fees due to the
Society shall be at liberty to withdraw therefrom upon giving notice
in writing to the Secretary.
2, Whenever written notice of a Motion shall be delivered to the
Secretary for removing any Member or Subscriber, signed by the
Chairman for the time being on the part of the Council or by five
6 BY-LAWS.
or more Members, such notice shall be read from the chair at the
two Ordinary General Meetings immediately following the delivery
thereof, and the next following Ordinary Meeting shall be made a
Special General Meeting and the Members summoned accordingly,
when such Motion shall be taken into consideration and decided by
ballot, whereat if a majority of the Members balloting shall vote
that such Member or Subscriber be removed, he shall be removed
from the Society.
3. Whenever any Ordinary Member of the Society shall be in
arrear for five years in the payment of his Annual Contribution,
notice thereof in writing shall be given or sent to him, together
with a copy of this section; and in case the same shall still remain
unpaid, the Treasurer shall give notice thereof to the Council, who
shall cause the name of such Member to be read at the three fol-
lowing Ordinary Meetings of the Society, together with a statement
of the sum due by him for arrears; and at the fourth Ordinary
Meeting the removal of such Member of the Society shall be decided
by method of ballot, in like manner as is specified in the second
section of this chapter.
4, Whenever the Annual Contribution of a Subscriber shall be in
arrear one year, such Subscriber shall have his name erased from
the List of Subscribers and cease to belong to the Society.
Cuap. XV. Privileges of Members and Subscribers.
1. The Members have the right to be present, to state their
opinion and to vote at all Meetings; to propose Candidates for
admission into the Society ; to introduce Visitors at General Meet-
ings of the Society, and to introduce scientific Strangers to the
Library and Museum; to purchase the Transactions of the Society
at reduced prices, and to have personal access to the Library and
Museum.
2. No Member to introduce more than one Visitor.
3. Ordinary Members of the Society resident more than fifteen
miles from London shall be entitled to receive the Transactions
gratuitously when their Annual Contribution has been paid.
4, All the Honorary and Ordinary Members are eligible to any
office in the Society, provided the latter are not more than one year
in arrear in the payment of the Annual Subscription.
5. No Member shall be entitled to vote on any occasion until he
shall have paid his subscription for the year last past.
6. Subscribers enjoy all the privileges of Members excepting those
BY-LAWS. 7
of voting at the meetings, holding office under the Society, and
proposing Candidates.
7. Subscribers have no claim upon or interest in the property of
the Society.
Cuap. XVI. Foreign Members.
1. Every Foreigner who has distinguished himself as an Ento-
mologist, or who has shown himself able and willing to promote the
ends for which the Society is founded, may be elected a Foreign
Member; his Annual Contribution shall be £1 : 1s., and he shall
be entitled to the samefrivileges as other Members.
2. Foreign Members shall not be required to sign the Obligation
until present at a General Meeting of the Society, and when so
present shall be admitted as other Members.
3. Foreign Members shall be exempt from the payment of any
Admission Fee.
4. Foreigners and Residents abroad may be elected as Cor-
responding Members, who shall not be subject to the payment of
any Annual Contribution, and who shall be entitled to a copy of
the Journal of Proceedings of the Society, but not to the Transac-
tions; which, however, may be purchased by them at the reduced
price paid by the ordinary Resident Members. The privileges of
Corresponding Members shall however cease in case they shall at
any future time be residents in the United Kingdom for the space
of twelve months, unless sanctioned, in the case of any particular
Member, by a special vote of the Council.
Cuap. XVII. Honorary Members.
1, Every person proposed as an Honorary Member shall be re-
commended by the Council, and be balloted for, and elected, and
be liable to be removed in the like form and manner, and be sub-
ject to the same rules and restrictions, as an Ordinary Member.
2. Honorary Members shall be exempted from the payment of
Fees and Contributions ; and shall possess all the privileges of
Ordinary Members.
3. No resident in Great Britain can be an Honorary Member,
except the Honorary President, the Rev. William Kirby, A.M.
F.R.S. &c., and William Spence, Esq., F.R.S.
Cuap. XVIII. Meetings of the Society.
1. The Ordinary General Meetings of the Society shall be held
8 BY-LAWS.
on the first Monday in every month in the year, beginning at eight
o’clock precisely in the evening, or at such other time as the Council
shall direct.
2. At the Ordinary Meetings the order of business shall be as
follows. ‘
3. The names of the Visitors allowed to be present at the Meeting
shall be read aloud by the Chairman.
4. The Minutes of the last Meeting shall be read aloud by the
Secretary, and proposed for confirmation by the Meeting, and
signed by the Chairman.
5. The Presents made to the Society since their last Meeting
shall be announced and exhibited.
6. Certificates in favour of Candidates for admission into the
Society shall be read or submitted to ballot.
7. Members and Subscribers shall sign their names in the Obli-
gation Book, and be admitted.
8. The President shall have a discretionary power as to the
Papers to be read at the Meetings of the Society ; and the Secre-
tary, assisted by the President and any Member or Members of the
Council, shall determine as to the priority in which such papers
shall be read, and propriety of omitting any portion of the same.
9. All Memoirs which shall be read at any General Meeting of
the Society shall become the property of the Society, unless other-
wise stipulated for previous to the perusal thereof.
10. Entomological communications shall be announced and read
either by the Author or the Secretary. When the other business
has been completed, the persons present shall be invited by the
Chairman to make their observations on the communications which
have been read, and on the specimens or drawings which have been
exhibited at the Meeting.
11. No Motion relating to the government of the Society, its
By-Laws, the management of its concerns, or the election, appoint-
ment or removal of its Officers, shall be made at any Ordinary
Meeting.
Cuap. XIX. Special General Meeting.
Upon the requisition of any six or more Members, presented to
the President and Council, a Special General Meeting of the’Society
shall be convened, and any proposition to be submitted to such
Meeting shall be stated at length in the Notice to Members.
BY-LAWS. 9
Cuap. XX. Annual General Meeting.
1. The Annual General Meeting of the Members shall be held
in the Meeting-room on the fourth Monday in January of every
year.
2. The objects of the Meeting shall be to choose the Council and
Officers for the then ensuing year; and to receive from the Council,
and hear read, their Annual Report on the general concerns of the
Society.
3. The Council for the time being shall annually cause to be
prepared two written Lists, one of which (No. 1 in the Schedule
hereto) shall contain the names of four Members, whom they shall
recommend to be removed from, and of four other Members to be
elected into the Council; and the other List (No. 2) shall contain
the names of such Members as they shall recommend to fill the
offices of President, Treasurer and Secretaries, for the year en-
suing; which Lists shall be read at the Monthly Meeting in January
in every year, and shall then be fixed up in the Meeting-room until
the day of election. And copies of such Lists shall be transmitted
to every Member whose known residence shall be in London, or
within twenty miles thereof, at least seven days before the Annual
General Meeting shall take place.
4, On the day of voting, each Member present shall put his
balloting Lists into the respective Glasses to be provided for such
occasion ; before doing which, however, in case any name or names
shall have been added to the Lists proposed by the Council, he shall
strike out the name or names of those persons recommended for
whom he does not vote. And if more names shall be suffered to
remain in any List than the number of persons to be elected or
removed, such Lists shall be rejected. And in case the names
suffered to remain shall be less than the number of vacancies to be
supplied, those names only which shall remain in the List shall
stand as voted for.
5. The President shall appoint two or more Scrutineers from the
Members present, not being Members of the Council, to superin-
tend the Ballots and report the results to the Meeting.
6. The Ballot for the Council shall remain open for one quarter
of an hour, at the least; and the Ballot for the Officers for one
quarter of an hour, at the Jeast, after the result of the Ballot for
the Council shall have been declared.
7. If from any cause an election shall not take place of persons
c*
10 BY-LAWS.
to fill the Council, or any of the offices aforesaid, then the election
of the Council and Officers, or the election of Officers, as the case
may be, shall be adjourned until the next convenient day, of which
notice shall be given, in like manner as is directed for the Annual
General Meeting.
8. No Ballot, either for the election of Members or any other
business, shall be taken unless nine Members are present.
Cuap. XXI. Transactions.
1, The Transactions shall consist of Papers communicated to the
Meetings of the Society.
2. The Transactions shall be published from time to time, and at
such prices as the Council shall direct for each Part or Volume ;
but the price for one copy of each Part or Volume, to each Member
or Subscriber who shall have paid his Annual Contribution for the
year in which such Part or Volume shall be published, shall not
exceed three-fourths of the price charged to the public.
3. Foreign Members of the Society who shall have paid the
Annual Subscription for the year, and ordinary English Members
and Subscribers resident more than fifteen miles from London, shall
be entitled to receive the Transactions of the Society published
during the year without any further payment.
4, The superintendence of the Publications shall be by a Com-
mittee, which shall consist of thirteen Members to be appointed by
the Council, including the President, Vice-Presidents, Treasurer,
and Secretaries.
5. The Committee of Publication shall consider every Paper
which shall have been communicated to a General Meeting of the
Society, and shall report to the Council thereon; but no Paper shall
be reported on at any Meeting of the Committee unless there shall
be three or more Members present; and such Committee shall be
convened by the Secretary every third month or oftener, when all
papers read since the last Meeting of Committee shall be produced
and referred.
6. Authors of Memoirs to be published in the Transactions shall
be allowed 25 copies of their communications with uncoloured plates,
gratis, or any additional number, if required, the entire expense of
which and the colouring of all plates to be paid for by the Authors.
7. A Journal of Proceedings of the Society shall also be pub-
lished quarterly or half-yearly, containing Abstracts of the Papers
read and Notices of other Matters communicated at the Ordinary
BY-LAWS. 11
Meetings of the Society, which Journal, together with the Transac-
tions, shall be edited by the Secretaries, or one of them, and shall
be bound up and sold with the Transactions.
Cuap. XXII. Alteration of the By-Laws.
Any of the By-Laws of the Society may at any time be repealed,
or altered and amended, or others adopted in lieu thereof, at any
Meeting of the Society, to be specially summoned in pursuance of
Notice to be given to the President and Council, to be signed by
six Members at least, such Notice to specify the intended repeal or
alteration, and to be read at three General Meetings of the Society
previous to such Special Meeting.
12 BY-LAWS.
THE SCHEDULES REFERRED TO IN CHAPTER XX.
OF THE PRECEDING BY-LAWS.
No: 1.
Form of the List for the Council.
List of Four Members of the present Council recommended by the
present Council to be removed at the Election on the day
of January, 18 “
A. B.
List of Four Members recommended to be elected inte the Council.
PK,
L. M.
N. O.
PQ.
Now?
Form of the List for the Officers.
List of Persons recommended by the present Council to be ap-
pointed to the offices of President, Treasurer, and Secretaries of
the Society, at the Election on the day of January, 18 .*
President’ (37. 2/e<0'. <2 « RES:
MIPEASURCT —oi0 26/55). 6 5 ARS
.. W.X
DECKEtATICS celles: = ; Y.Z
* If any of the Names in these Lists be objected to, they must be struck out
previous to the Ballot, and other Names substituted in their stead in the blank
spaces left for that purpose.
London: printed by C. Roworth and Sons, Bell Wansily Temple Bar
TRANSAGTIONS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF
LONDON.
I. On the Habits of the “ Drivers” or Visiting Ants of
West Africa. By Rev. Tuomas S. Savace, M.D., of
Cape Palmas, Corr. Mem. of the London Ent. Soc.;
Boston Nat. Hist. Soc.; National Inst., Washington ;
D.C., &c. (In a letter addressed to J. O. Westwood,
Esq., Sec. Ent. Soc. London.)
Fishtown, near Cape Palmas, W. A.
5th August, 1845.
Dear Sir,
In compliance with a promise in former letters,
I proceed to give you my “ Notes upon the Habits of certain
Species of Ants in the vicinity of Cape Palmas, W. A.” You
will bear in mind, however, that I am still pressed with duties of
higher moment, and can devote to these observations such hours
only as are needed for recreation.
As on former occasions, I have avoided all attempts at technical
descriptions, thus giving myself more time to investigate the
habits of my specimens and transmit more frequently. I feel the
less reluctance in doing this, knowing your ability, and being
assured that with the same specimens before you nothing will be
lost in this respect to science or Africa.
VOL. V. B
2 Rey. Thomas S. Savage on the
Great confusion exists, it would seem, in the accounts of travel-
lers respecting the ants generally of this country, often being
characterized as a whole by traits that belong to particular genera
or species only; one author copying from another, and none
making more than casual observations, unless it be Smeathman,
whose attention was given chiefly to the habits of the Termes fatale,
or white ants proper.
My present notes have respect to one species only of the family
of Formicide. In a subsequent communication I propose to
speak of the Termes fatale, but so far only as I may discover
new facts and detect inaccuracies in the accounts already pub-
lished.
The insect in question is known here under the significant name
of “ Driver.” I am not aware that it has ever been described or
that it exists in any of the European Cabinets. It would, however,
be strange if an insect of almost equal prominence with the Termes
fatale, and acting a far more important practical part in the
economy of nature, should be found, at this day, without “a
local habitation and a name” in some of your Systems of Classi-
fication.
From the careless and casual manner in which the “ ants of
Africa” have been spoken of by some authors, I am inclined to
think that it has been noticed under the name of “ Termes viarum ;”"
not by Smeathman, for his account of that insect indicates radical
differences between it and mine, though they possess some traits
in common.
Mr. Robert Clark, surgeon to the colony of Sierra Leone, in a
work recently published, enumerating “ the ants” of that region,
gives by name the five species of Smeathman’s Termes, and in
the same connection remarks, that ‘“ the travelling ants, or Formice
viarum, will occasionally march into houses, where they devour
everything eatable they can find.” I am at a loss to know what
ant he could have in his mind other than the “ Driver” of this
region; but if, by ‘‘ everything eatable,” he refers to the food of
man, he is mistaken, for there are many things edible to us that
they will not touch; and if by it he means “ everything eatable”’
to the insect itself, he gives us no information of its habits in this
respect, for he states neither what it will eat nor what it will not.
Again, in close connection he says, ‘ I have often been assailed
in some tracts by a highly fetid odour emanating from the cops-
wood skirting the road side; the odour not unlike the stench pro-
ceeding from the carcass of a dead horse, being concentrated, as
it were, inone place. ‘The natives invariably speak of the stench
Habits of the “ Drivers” of West Africa. 3
described as proceeding from dense masses of the travelling atits
near or at the locality.”—(page 123.) There can be no doubt
that he speaks here of the ‘“* Driver ;” but he is much mistaken,
and we would account for it on the ground that he founded his
statement on the representations of such inaccurate observers as
the native Africans. I readily recognize the odour of which he
speaks; but if it proceeds from an ant at all, it is from another
similar in size, colour and aspect to the largest class of the
“‘ Drivers.” It passes among the colonists at Cape Palmas under
the vulgar name of “ Bug-a-bug” (which appellation also they
give to the Termes fatale). It does not, however, go forth in
masses; indeed it does not exist in large numbers, and is com-
paratively rare. It is the impression of the colonists at Cape
Palmas that ‘the stench” spoken of by Mr. Clark proceeds from
this “‘ bug-a-bug;” but it is often perceptible to an extent too
great for this always to be the fact. On riding through the low
grounds after a rain, or in the morning, it may be detected; but
in such cases it undoubtedly has its source in the decay of animal
matter. The Drivers emit no perceptible odour per se; did they,
it would be absolutely intolerable in a dwelling-house to a person
of delicate nerves, so great are their numbers. If this disagree-
able odour is ever perceived among them, it must arise from their
prey being in a putrescent state.
I have made these remarks, in passing, solely for the purpose of
correction, and would here observe that Mr. Clark gives us in this
instance, though unintentionally, a good specimen of the way in
which the numerous loose and inaccurate statements that are
abroad have arisen respecting this anomalous country, its produc-
tions and capabilities.
It is very probable that the insect referred to by Messrs. Kirby
and Spence, on the 100th page of the 2nd volume of their Intro-
duction, (the few particulars respecting which being derived from
Prof. Afzelius,) is the one in question.
I think it is that, without doubt, of which Mr. Smeathman
speaks when he says, *‘ one species which seems at times to have
no fixed habitation ranges about in vast armies. By being fur-
nished with very strong jaws they can attack any animal whatever
that impedes their progress, and there is no escape but by imme-
diate flight or instant retreat to the water. The inhabitants of the
negro villages are frequently obliged to abandon their dwellings,
taking with them their children, &c., and wait till the ants have
passed.”—Swainson’s Geography and Classification of Animals,
p- 100, from the Preface to Drury’s Insects, vol. ii.
B2
-_ Rey. Thomas S. Savage on the
Mr. Smeathman’s account is correct so far as it goes, as will
appear in the sequel, though the facts he gives are by no means
incidental occurrences, but all in the way of its regular habits.
Never having seen Drury’s work (a subject of frequent regret) I
do not know whether Mr. Smeathman ever gave more than this
slight notice of their habits.
It is evidently closely allied to the Atta cephalotes of Fab.,
found in the West Indies and South America, and, like that named
by the French “ Fourmi de visite,” would be more appropriately
styled the ‘ visiting” than the “ travelling ant.” The appellation
‘“‘ Driver,” however, is still more significant, as will appear from
the extract from Mr. Smeathman and my account. It not only
travels and visits, in common with other species of ants, but it
also drives every thing before it capable of muscular motion, so
formidable is it from its numbers and bite; in respect to the last
fact it stands unique in its habits, and, in distinction from other
species of this country, may well take for its vulgar name that of
Driver. Whether it will find its proper location technically under
the genus Formica proper I leave you to decide, and proceed to a
detailed account of its habits so far as | have observed them.
From its locomotive habits the impression, as in the case of
Smeathman, has obtained, that it has no fixed habitation. This
my observations go to confirm in respect both to their appearing
and disappearing from certain localities, and the absence of cells
or magazines. Its domicil, if such it may be called, consists of a
shallow excavation under the roots of trees, shelving rocks, and
almost any other substance that will afford a shelter; not origi-
nating with themselves, but adopted and completed as the wants
of their community may require. The greatest depth to which
I have known them penetrate is about two feet. The interior
exhibits no mechanical contrivance, for which many other ants are
celebrated. ‘There is an old saying, which is not without mean-
ing, that “ a man’s dwelling indicates the nature of his employ-
ment.” A robber’s house will not exhibit, either in or out, the
indications of a permanent abode that an honest man’s does; so
with that of the insects before us, their mode of life will not
admit of cells and magazines and other interior arrangements by
which the domicils of other ants more retiring and less aggressive
in their habits are characterized. The nearest approach they
make to such an arrangement is the adoption of fissures in the
ground, crevices in rocks, and the interstices between small
stones, &c. that may fall within the compass of their dwelling-
place.
Habits of the “ Drivers” of West Africa. 5
Their sallies are made in cloudy days and in the night, chiefly
in the latter. This is owing to the uncongenial influence of the
sun, an exposure to the direct rays of which, especially when the
power is increased By REFLECTION, ts almost immediately fatal. If
they should be detained abroad till late in the morning of a sunny
day by the quantity of their prey, they will construct arches over
their path, of dirt agglutinated by a fluid excreted from their
mouth. If their way should run under thick grass, sticks, &c.,
affording sufficient shelter, the arch is dispensed with; if not, so
much dirt is added as is necessary to eke out the arch in connection
with them. In the rainy season, or in a succession of cloudy
days, this arch is seldom visible; their path, however, is very
distinct, presenting a beaten appearance and freedom from every
thing moveable. They are evidently economists in time and
labour; for if a crevice, fissure in the ground, passage under
stones, &c. come in their way, they will adopt them as a substi-
tute for the arch. ‘This covered way seems to be designed in part
for the protection of workers in transporting prey, pupe, &c.,
but chiefly against the direct rays of the sun, an exposure to which,
in places where the REFLECTION is strong, is certain death in less
than two minutes. When the sun’s rays are intercepted for days,
the arch is wanting; and, even with the arch, in a bright strong
sunshine, masses of the Drivers are found under the thick grass in
holes and other places, regaling themselves in the shade till the
decline of the sun, when their work is renewed with their charac-
teristic vigour.
In cloudy days, when on their predatory excursions, or migrat-
ing, an arch for the protection of the workers, &c. is constructed
of the bodies of their largest class. Their widely extended jaws,
long slender limbs, and projecting antennz intertwining, form a
sort of net-work that seems to answer well their object. When-
ever an alarm is given the arch is instantly broken, and the ants,
joining others of the same class on the outside of the line, who
seem to be acting as commanders, guides, and scouts, run about
in a furious manner in pursuit of the enemy. If the alarm should
prove to be without foundation, the victory won or danger passed,
the arch is quickly renewed, and the main column marches for-
ward as before in all the order of an intellectual military dis-
cipline.
I will here describe an attempt that I recently made to destroy
one of their communities, which, with the facts in the order in
which they transpired, and the collateral circumstances attending
it, will fairly illustrate many of their habits.
6 Rey. Thomas 5. Savage on the
My observations were made in part at my former station (Cape
Palmas), where I resided nearly eight years. I have been at my
present station about eight months. During the first four months
of the latter period I was greatly annoyed by the frequent visita~
tions and ravages of these insects; at one time literally driving
out every member of the female department of the school; at
another the male department; then the inmates of my own dwell-
ing; again, attacking my horse, then my pigs, fowls, &c. &c.,
nothing in fine possessing animal life escaping their assaults.
They always pounced upon us at night, and generally when our
senses were reposing in sleep. Occasionally we were apprised of
their designs at nightfall by a few suspicious individuals lurking
in the vicinity in advance of the main body, but mostly they took
us by surprise. At last their annoyance seemed to have reached
the highest point of our forbearance, and a resolution was forth-
with taken to discover their habitation, and, if possible, expel
them from the vicinity. Accordingly I commenced cutting over
the premises, and had proceeded as far as two-thirds the way
down the mount on which my dwellings stand, when, beneath a
shelving rock of decomposing granite, their haunt was discovered.
They had been roused by the noise and efforts of the workmen,
and had come forth in incalculable numbers for defence, literally
blackening the surrounding grass and shrubbery. Lines of ants,
going and coming agreeably to the rules of their order, were
running in opposite directions. Their paths were very distinct
and well trodden, of about an inch in width. In other directions
were seen covered ways forsaken, the object of their formation no
longer existing,—no prey having been discovered, or, if found,
being disposed of,—and other regions lying open for exploration.
Their numbers could not be computed; millions on millions
seemed to be there, besides thousands that were going and coming
with astonishing speed and alacrity.
In attempting their destruction I adopted the mode of the natives,
which is, to ignite on the spot a collection of the dried leaves of
a species of Corypha (Fan Palm of this coast), about six feet in
diameter, and dried grass, with other combustible matter. A fire
of great intensity was thus kindled, which continued to burn for
considerable time. This I supposed would be the last of our
troublesome neighbours. ‘Two days after, however, on going to
the spot for the purpose of examining into their domicil, I was
surprised to see a tree at a short distance, about eighteen inches
in diameter, to the height of four feet from the ground, with the
adjacent plants and earth, perfectly black with them. From the
Habits of the “ Drivers” of West Africa. 7
lower limbs (four feet high) were festoons or lines of the size of
a man’s thumb, reaching to the plants and ground below, consist-
ing entirely of these insects; others were ascending and descend-
ing upon them, thus holding free and ready communication with
the lower and upper portions of this dense mass. One of these
festoons I saw in the act of formation ; it was a good way advanced
when first observed: ant after ant coming down from above, ex-
tending their long limbs and opening wide their jaws, gradually
lengthened out the living chain till it touched the broad leaf of a
Canna coccinea below. It now swung to and fro in the wind, the
terminal ant the meanwhile endeavouring to attach it by his jaws
and legs to the leaf; not succeeding, another ant of the same class
(the very largest) was seen to ascend the plant, and, fixing his
hind legs with the apex of the abdomen firmly to the leaf under
the vibrating column, then reaching forth his fore legs and open-
ing wide his jaws, closed in with his companion from above, and
thus completed the most curious ladder in the world.
The line of migrating ants from their former habitation was
still continued. When first observed it was composed of indi-
viduals of all sizes, pupee, eggs, &c. commingled in the act of
transportation. The cause of this assemblage on the outside was
the small dimensions of their recently adopted domicil. There
was evidently a cavity under the tree, but not of sufficient size
for their numbers; they were therefore busily engaged in enlarg-
ing it suitably for their accommodation. The quantity of dirt
thrown up in the process was remarkably small. In about two
hours I visited the spot again, when the hanging lines or festoons
were gone, and about half of the mass also; some below the
surface, others on their predatory excursions. One of their paths
I traced to a distance of about twenty rods, when I was pre-
vented from going further by a thicket. Their course was easily
followed by their beaten track and the arched way, the latter of
which was very imperfect, consisting of clay in exposed places,
and of grass, sticks, leaves, &c. whenever they could be made to
answer the purpose. The line of ants was very much broken and
irregular, many of them being gathered into groups in the grass
and in holes enjoying the coolness of the shade, waiting for the
arrival of evening in which to renew their labours.
Combustible matter was again applied, and it was not long
before a dense column was seen issuing from under the opposite
side of the tree, observing their usual order and arrangement.
The day was cloudy, a little rain falling; there was therefore no
need of the clayey arch; but the larger class, arranging themselves
8 Rev. Thomas S. Savage on the
on either side as before described formed the substitute. Under
this arch, armed on all sides with sharp claws, and fierce, hooked,
open jaws, ‘ the feebler folk,” or, as my native interpreter said,
the women and their children, passed rapidly forward in conscious
safety. Others of the largest class appeared in the main line at
different distances carrying nothing, yet acting no unimportant
part. They would occasionally step out of the line and return, as
if holding communication with their comrades behind; then, taking
their places as before, march on with all their former celerity.
Others again of the same class were seen on the outside, ranning
here and there, then stopping, elevating their heads to a point
above the others, stretching forth their fore legs, opening wide
their jaws, and twirling in every direction their long antenne, as
if in apprehension of danger.
I visited them again the next morning, when I found them still
engaged in removing. ‘Thousands and tens of thousands must
have been destroyed by the two fires, and yet apparently their
numbers were undiminished. I have not on this or any other
occasion detected a winged individual, though it is the season
when such are to be found in all communities of ants not apterous.
They carry their pupee and prey longitudinally under their
bodies, held firmly between their mandibles and legs, the latter of
which are admirably calculated by their length and slenderness for
this purpose. The freedom and ease with which they carry their
burthen is truly surprising. Ihave seen the third class, or workers,
with pupe of the first class, or soldiers, certainly as large again as
themselves ; and, again, with prey twice or more their size, moving
with as great a degree of celerity as we should suppose them
capable of doing without any burthen.
Their mode of biting differs from that of the soldiers among
the Termes. ‘The mandibles of the latter are flat and sharp, and
move in a cross direction, cutting in the manner of scissors. ‘The
mandibles of the Driver of the first class are very prominent and
formidable, strongly hooked, having one tooth; those of the second
class are flatter, sharper, and armed with two strong teeth, the
edges finely serrated, and admirably calculated for lacerating and
cutting muscular fibre. The onset of the former is with a grasp that
causes their victim to start and wince as if life were in danger ;
their mandibles are fixed so strongly into the flesh, and their hold
retained with such pertinacity, that a separation is effected often
only by a dismemberment of the body. If permitted to retain
their hold, the motion of their jaws is alternately from one side to
the other, penetrating deeper and deeper at every stroke. With
Habits of the “ Drivers” of West Africa. 9
the second class there is not only this gradual penetration, but at
the same time a lacerating and cutting of the flesh, with an ap-
proximation of the jaws at each effort. This difference in their
form and motion in the two classes led me to infer a difference of
duties or office in their economy. This impression has been con-
firmed by repeated observations. To the first class, it would
appear, is assigned the defence of the community ; it is theirs also
to attack and disable their prey. The second lacerate and cut
the flesh, and are assisted by the first in tearing it off. Upon
the third, who appear to be especially the labourers, devolves the
burthen of transportation, whether of prey or pupe. ‘They are
seen to be assisted often by the second class, and, when the prey
is too large for either, the first is called in, In the small vial sent
herewith will be found the different classes, as they were captured
in the act of transportation, with the different articles of prey had at
the time in their jaws. But one specimen of Class 1 will be found
among them; this was captured with the leg of a locust, evidently
just taken and rent asunder (which is in the vial), too large to be
transported by the smaller classes.
Whenever a stream of water intercepts their course in their
excursions and migrations, if it should not be extensive they
compass it, but if otherwise, they make a line or chain of one an-
other, gradually extending themselves by numbers across, till a
connection is formed with the opposite side, and thus a bridge is
constructed, over which the main body passes in safety.
There is another habit equally interesting that may be men-
tioned in this connection. It has been asserted of other species
of the Formicide in South America, though doubted by zn-door
naturalists at home. Our seasons are divided into ‘‘ wet” and
“dry,” each making up in a general way half of the year. During
the former we frequently have violent and continued rains, so that
the low grounds, either directly from this cause, or the sudden
swelling of the rivers, are overflowed for days. The Drivers de-
light in rather low localities, generally on the side, but near the
base of hills; consequently they are liable to be driven from their
haunts for self-preservation. In such an emergency they throw
themselves into a rounded mass, deposit their ‘ feebler folk,” pupz
and eggs in the centre, and thus float upon the water till a place
of safety is reached, or the flood subsides. Even in situations
beyond this overflow they must be deluged in their holes for days,
so copious and incessant are the rains at times; and one would
suppose that, under such circumstances, vast numbers must perish.
Some undoubtedly do; but the Lord, in this as in other orders in
10 Rev. Thomas S. Savage on the
the animal kingdom, has pursued a system of compensation beau-
tifully illustrative of His goodness, and the minuteness of His Pro-
vidential care over even the meanest of His creatures. As He has
endowed this insect with a high degree of life, so He has given to
it a corresponding degree of tenacity, thus enabling it to exist
under the many unfavourable circumstances incident to its habits.
Feeling assured that such was the fact, I commenced a series of
experiments in proof of the point. An individual of the largest
class was submerged to the bottom of a glass of water, where it
struggled for about three-fourths of an hour, then apparently
expired. It revived in about ten minutes after it was taken out,
exhibiting about as much vitality and ferocity as before. It was
re-submerged at 1 p.m., and taken out after 6 p.m., with like re-
sults. It was submerged the third time, and then permitted to
remain for twelve hours or more. It revived on being taken out,
so far as to move about on its side, and continued to exhibit signs
of life for twelve hours more, when it expired. Others that were
permitted to rise to the surface, and remain, survived some time
longer.
Another fact, illustrating their tenacity of life, may here be
stated. The head of one of the largest class, when dissevered
from the body, grasped the finger of an attendant so furiously as
to cause an immediate flow of blood. It was kept in a glass
tumbler from 3 p.m. till the next morning at 8 o’clock, when the
finger was again applied, and apparently as severe a wound as
before inflicted. Another individual of the same class was deca-
pitated at 7 a.m., and at half-past 9 the next morning,—263 hours
from the time of decapitation,—a piece of newspaper was held
between the jaws, which it grasped and retained with considerable
force. I then applied the small finger of my right hand, which it
bit severely; indeed so powerful was the grasp that the point of
the mandibles met beneath the cuticle. It then partly withdrew
one mandible, and pointing it more perpendicularly, penetrated
deeper, then the other, and thus at every alternate stroke giving
to the mandible a direction more vertical, wounding and cutting
wider and deeper precisely in the manner of the insect in posses-
sion of all its parts and powers. The sensation at each thrust was
like that of a pin, and equally painful; and when the mandibles
were withdrawn the blood flowed as freely. This head continued
to give signs of life for more than 36 hours after decapitation.
The body to which it belonged lived still longer,—more than 48
hours!
I know of no insect more ferocious and determined upon vic-
Habits of the “ Drivers” of West Africa. 11
tory. They fiercely attack any thing that comes in their way,—
‘conquer or die” is their motto. I have known a live coal of
fire held before them, at which, though so obnoxious to heat, they
rushed with indescribable ferocity, releasing their hold only in
death. They have no eyes visible through my glasses, which,
however, are not powerful. They seem to be less under the in-
fluence of the sense of smelling than of hearing or feeling.
If taken a few feet from their habitation they seem to be at a
loss to know the way to return; some will at last succeed in
arriving at home, others not. To decide the point whether they
detected the proximity of prey by the sense of smell or not, I
placed near one of their domicils, first a small bird, dead, then a
barn-door fowl, but not an individual was attracted to the spot.
They were roused several times by knocking on the covering of
their habitation; this brought them forth in large numbers, when
they ran about in different directions in search of the intruder,
coming very near to their favourite food, but not one in contact
with it. The bird was now brought within two, then one foot of
their nest, both times with the same success. At last one or two,
as if by accident, found it out, and laid hold of the feathers in a
great rage, then retired within their habitation. I waited a long
time to see if any intelligence would be conveyed of the proximity
of their favourite prey, but no evidence of the fact appeared. I
roused them again, and put some of the largest and of the second
class upon the bird; they jumped about in great perturbation and
rage, pulled vigorously at the feathers, then biting into the flesh,
at last disappeared without further effort. No intelligence being
yet conveyed that food was at hand, I brought them forth in still
greater numbers, and thrusting the fowl down among them, held
it there till it was well covered, and then withdrew it to a distance
of about two feet, to observe their proceedings. As the fowl was
drawn back many ants were left on the intervening ground, and
thus free communication was soon established between it and their
domicil. A few of the largest class, which are always the first to
come forth for defence, were seen running to and fro, forming a
line which, when completed, was seen to be composed mostly of
individuals of classes Nos. 3 and 2, No. 1 evidently taking ma-
nagement of the others. The first step in their operations was
to clear the path of all moveable obstructions. This was done
chiefly by the third class ; some of No. 2, and occasionally No. 1,
coming in when large obstacles were to be removed. It was in-
tensely interesting to see these little creatures gaining victory, by
one process after another, over comparatively mountain obstacles
12 Rey. Thomas 8S. Savage on the
in their way; greater difficulties only rousing them to greater
effort. Here would be seen one dragging along a stick four times
its length; there, another, pushing, then grasping and pulling along
a stone many times its weight; and, when more power was requi-
site, others coming in to his aid, all knowing that a work was to
be performed, and each doing promptly his part. Thus were
stones, sticks, leaves and grass successively withdrawn from within
their line, and deposited at a distance from the scene of their
labours. A regular, distinct footpath was soon made visible, and
in readiness for the quick transportation of their prey. In the
meantime the largest, with an equal number of the second size,
were busily engaged upon the head of the fowl, depriving it of its
feathers. This promised to be a slow and tedious operation ; but
the gradual increase of feathers, and the denuded skin, were sure
indications of their success. The feathers were pulled out ; some-
times one, two and three ants would be seen tugging most lustily
at one, but I am inclined to think that the largest feathers were
extracted by lacerating the flesh at their root, though I was not
able to decide this point fully, Those that fell in their way were
borne off by the smaller ants; others were made to answer as a
covering to their pathway, being held together by the largest size
or soldiers. The operation of picking began at the beak, and was
gradually extended backward. The neck being half stripped,
they then began the work of laceration at the eyes and ears. It
was some time before any visible impression was made, but at last,
though by no means so expeditiously as I expected, deep cavities
appeared, and muscles, membranes and tendons were reduced and
borne off to their habitation. ‘The juices, and a portion of the
muscular fibre, I think, must be consumed on the spot at such
times, though the largest portion is carried to their domicil.
At first there was considerable confusion in the lines. They
seemed to be incapable of keeping the right path, and even missed
the various entrances to their domicil. Individuals of the largest
class were seen to arrange themselves on either side, between
whom the lines of workers passed and repassed with a good de-
gree of order. These were acting evidently the part of guides
rather than guards, though at times they acted in the latter capa-
city also. ‘They would place their abdomen horizontally on the
ground, and laying hold of fixed points with their hind feet,
(which together thus acted as a fulcrum,) elevate the anterior
portion of their bodies to the highest point, open wide their jaws,
and stretch forth their antenne, which for the most part were
fixed, as if in the act of listening and watching for approaching
Habits of the “ Drivers” of West Africa. 13
danger. They would occasionally drop their bodies to the ground
again, run off to one side, and fiercely work their jaws and antenne,
as if having detected some strange sounds in the distance. Dis-
cerning nothing, they would quickly return to their posts and
resume their positions, thus acting as scouts. The hour for ful-
filling appointments having arrived, I left, designing to make
further experiments; but on my return I found that the fowl had
been stolen by some of my covetous, perhaps hungry parishioners,
who excused the act of aggression by saying that the Drivers
were their most grievous enemies, often depriving them of the
two things they mostly loved,—poultry and sleep ; and that I was
entertaining them with undue hospitality ; others more jokingly
said, that I was making them my Fetish, and offering to them
sacrifices of birds and fowls.
Being in the immediate vicinity of our teacher’s house they be-
came troublesome, killing six of his chickens in one night; we
had therefore to decide forthwith upon their destruction. This
was effectually and instantly done by a few gallons of boiling
water poured into their domicil.
Like all their habitations that I have seen, this was on the side
of a hill, and consisted of a slight excavation about eighteen inches
in depth, made for the interment of a human body, according to
the custom of this tribe, covered over with the fragment of an old
canoe. On removing this covering vast numbers of the ants with
their pupze were discovered dead, and the spot, which might be
called their nzdus, occupying a space of about eighteen inches in
diameter. The soil was composed of clay and small stones; the
latter were abundant, the interstices of which seemed to be their
only cells. In every instance that has fallen under my observa-
tion the soil selected has been of this loose character, and the
interstitial spaces so occupied.
This was the smallest community I had seen; whether it was a
colony or not I cannot say, but it was supposed to be the remains
of the one destroyed by fire, as no other was known to be in our
neighbourhood.
They do not treasure up their food for any length of time,
which may be inferred from the construction of their domicil.
They go forth in search of prey at all seasons, but more especially
during the ‘rains,’ which corresponds to the winter of temperate
climates. Their more frequent appearance at this season is ac-
counted for on the ground that the weather then is generally
cloudy and_cool; perhaps, also, they are driven forth by the accu-
mulation of water in their habitation.
14 Rev. Thomas 8. Savage on the
They are not without their uses in the economy of nature.
They keep down the more rapid increase of noxious insects and
smaller reptiles; consume much dead animal matter, which is con-
stantly occurring, decaying, becoming offensive, and thus vitiating
the atmosphere, and, which is by no means the least important
in the Torrid Zone, often compelling the inhabitants to keep their
dwellings, towns, and their vicinity, in a state of comparative
cleanliness. The dread of them is upon every living thing.* It
may be literally said that they are against every thing and every
thing against them. I have known my dog, on meeting them in
the road, instead of running any risk by leaping over them, go
a great distance round to avoid their well-known bite. My donkey
has more than once stopped so suddenly and turned, as to throw
me over her head, or to one side, and when urged forward, leaped
far over the line.
They will soon kill the largest animal if confined. They attack
lizards, guanas, snakes, &c. with complete success. We have lost
several animals by them,— monkeys, pigs, fowls, &c. The seve-
rity of their bite, increased to great intensity by vast numbers, it
is impossible to conceive. We may easily believe that it would
prove fatal to almost any animal in confinement. They have been
known to destroy the Python natalensis, our largest serpent. When
gorged with prey it lies powerless for days; then, monster as it Is,
it easily becomes their victim. It is universally said by the natives
that this serpent, having disabled his victim by the fearful process
of constriction, makes a wide sweep in the vicinity in search of
the Drivers. If he discovers them, he abandons it to their more
numerous jaws; but if not, he returns to the work of engorge-
ment. This account, whether true to the letter or not, gives a
good idea of the dread with which it inspires the different orders
of animals.
In a recent attack they killed a snake under my house about
four feet long. It made its way out, but, seemingly incapable of
progression, could not make its way off. Its motions were such
as to lead to the conclusion that it was blind. It writhed and
twisted instead of going forward, giving the ants time to accumu-
late, and thus by numbers overpower it. It is very probable
that, with one stroke of their jaws, they destroyed the power of
vision, and brought it immediately within their grasp.
Their entrance into a house is soon known by the simultaneous
* It is stated by my native interpreter that a certain species of Julus, which
emits a peculiar odour, if thrown into their domicil, will cause them to abandon it.
Its truth remains to be proved.
Habits of the “ Drivers” of West Africa. 15
and universal movement of rats, mice, lizards, Blapside, Blattide,
and of the numerous vermin that infest our dwellings. Not being
agreed, they cannot dwell together, which modifies in a good mea-
sure the severity of the Drivers’ habits, and renders their visits
sometimes (though very seldom in my view) desirable.
Their ascent into our beds we sometimes prevent by placing
the feet of the bedsteads into a basin of vinegar, or some other
uncongenial fluid; this will generally be successful if the rooms
are ceiled, or the floors overhead tight, otherwise they will drop
down upon us, bringing along with them their noxious prey in the
very act of contending for victory.
They move over the house with a good degree of order unless
disturbed, occasionally spreading abroad, ransacking one point
after another, till, either having found something desirable, they
collect upon it, when they may be destroyed ‘ en masse” by hot
water; or, disappointed, they abandon the premises as a barren
spot, and seek some other more promising for exploration, When
they are fairly in we give up the house, and try to await with
patience their pleasure, thankful, indeed, if permitted to remain
within the narrow limits of our beds or chairs.
They are decidedly carnivorous in their propensities. Fresh
meat of all kinds is their favourite food ; fresh oils they also love,
especially that of the Elais guiniensis, either in the fruit or ex-
pressed. Under my observation they pass by milk, sugar, and
pastry of all kinds, also salt meat; the latter, when boiled, they
have eaten, but not with the zest of fresh. It is an incorrect
statement, often made, that ‘‘ they devour every thing eatable” by
us in our houses ; there are many articles which form an excep-
tion. If a heap of rubbish comes within their route, they inva-
riably explore it, when larve and insects of all orders may be seen
borne off in triumph, —especially the former.
16 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description
II. Description of the “ Driver’? Ants, described in the
preceding Article. By J.O. Wxstwoop, F.LS., &c.
Tue remarkable account of the habits of the Driver ants of tro-
pical Western Africa, contained in the preceding article, by Dr.
Savage, is too interesting not to require that the species in ques-
tion should be entomologically described, so as to be at once
identified, and introduced into its place in the family of the ants
to which it belongs. Having been requested to draw up a de-
scription of the insects sent in great numbers by Dr. Savage, I
herewith offer, by way of supplement to his article, the following
characters, with the accompanying remarks. A comparative ex-
amination of the different individuals was in fact especially neces-
sary, in order to learn the real nature of the different classes, with
reference to the question whether the Soldiers among the For-
micide were analogous to the Soldiers among the Termitide, that
is, whether they formed, as in the latter, a distinct class, or whe-
ther they were merely neuters, with larger heads than usual.
On carefully examining the specimens which were sent to
England in spirits, I found that they varied in length from 13
to 5 lines, all possessing the same structure not only of thorax,
abdomen, legs and antennz, but also of the maxille and labial
apparatus, All likewise agreed in the general structure of the
head, the only material difference being that the teeth of the
mandibles are more developed in the small individuals than in
the large ones; that the heads in the latter are comparatively
larger; and that in the former there is a more evident carina
down the middle of the front of the head. I must confess that I
could discover no distinct character to separate the largest indi-
viduals from the others; there seemed indeed to be a regular
gradation in the size from the largest to the smallest, which the
natives appear to consider as females. I thus regard them
all as neuter ants, and consider it very unfortunate that we are at
present unacquainted with the males and females, or with the
larva and pupa state of this interesting insect. These lacune will,
{ trust, be still filled up by Dr. Savage.
But the most curious circumstance which my examination of
these insects made evident was, that all the remarkable economy
detailed in the preceding memoir is performed by creatures desti-
tute of organs of sight, having been unable to detect the slightest
indication of eyes in any of the individuals.
of the “ Driver” Ants. 17
This latter circumstance, in conjunction with the structure of
the lower parts of the mouth, and the existence of only eleven
joints in the antennze, at once determines the intimate relation of
the Driver ants to my genus 7'yphlopone,* and completely con-
firms the views which I published both in my Introduction, and
in a paper in the sixth volume of the Annals of Natural History,
on the Formicideous nature of Typhlopone, in opposition to the
opinion of Mr. Shuckard, that the latter is the female of a dif-
ferent family; an opinion the more remarkable, when it is re-
membered that Mr. Shuckard had before him at the same time
the interesting genus Anomma (described in a previous number
of the same Annals), and which, like the Driver ants, is so very
closely allied to the genus Ponera, one of the species of which is
actually described by Latreille as wanting eyes. It will thus be
seen that the discovery of the winged individuals of the Driver
ants is the more to be desired, as it will enable us at once, and
still more satisfactorily, to settle the question of the relations of
these insects, as well as, I trust, those of the Dorylide, which,
according to the remarks which Captain Boys has communicated
to me, are equally Formicideous.
The Driver ants seem to belong to the genus Anomma of
Shuckard, above alluded to, so far at least as I am able to judge
from external characters, the unique specimen of 4. Burmeisteri
being preserved in the British Museum, where the dissection of
the mouth of unique individuals is not permitted. The new species
may be thus described.
Anomma arcens, Westw. .
Neutr. Nigra, subnitida; antennis (articulo basali excepto),
coxis, geniculis, tarsisque piceis; capite plus minusve oblongo-
quadrato, in individuis maximis postice magis angusto,
margine postico emarginato ; clypeo, inter basin antennarum,
bicarinato; antennis in impressionibus duabus insertis, 11-
articulatis; oculis obsoletis; mandibulis elongatis, gracilibus,
faleatis, ante medium dente majori alteroque pone medium
plus minusve distincto, interstitio serrato; maxillis lobis
duobus apicalibus, externo ad apicem setoso; palpis maxil-
laribus brevissimis, et, ut videtur, 3-articulatis ; labio magno
carnoso striato, palpis labialibus longitudine labii 2-articulatis,
thorace e segmentis duobus longitudine eequalibus constanti,
prothorace infero, lateribus dilatatis tamen supra visis; meso-
* Compare the figures at the foot of Plate I. with those in the upper part of
Plate IL., in the sixth volume of the Annals and Magazine of Natural History.
VOL. V. Cc
18 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions
thorace antice latiore, metathorace parum compresso utrin-
que spiracula instructo, apice recte truncata; abdominis
pedunculo elongato utrinque versus basin tuberculo minuto
instructo; segmento sequenti pedunculo latiori semi-ovali,
reliquis parum constrictis.
Long. corp. lin. 13—5.
Habitat in Africa occidentali tropicali. D. Savage.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES.
Plate I. fig. 3. One of the Soldiers, rather larger than the insect; 3a, b,c,d,
the heads of four of the different sized individuals ; 3e, maxilla; 3f,
instrumenta labialia. The lines indicate the natural length of
different individuals.
III. Descriptions of two new Goliath Beetles from Cape
Palmas, in the Collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope. By
J.O. Westwoop, F.L.S., &e.
Tue selection of characters of evidently minor importance—which
have been well termed artificial ones—for the discrimination of
groups, whether of high or low rank,—which seem to afford
very satisfactory results in our distribution of species or genera, —
becomes more and more difficult in proportion to the increase of
our knowledge of the species of such groups. Taking, for example,
those African Goliath beetles which have the prothorax broadest
behind, with a simple terminal lobe to the maxilla, and long
fore legs, in the males; we have artificially defined one group
as distinguished by having the fore legs externally dentated,
and the upper surface of the body velvety; and a second as
aving the fore tibize not externally dentated, and the upper sur-
face of the body (in the tropical species) brilliantly’ polished.
Within a very short time, however, Mr. Hope has received
from Dr. Savage, who has indefatigably assisted in forwarding
our knowledge of these interesting insects, two new species which
disturb these previous arrangements. In one of these insects we
have a velvety upper surface, combined with the externally sim-
ple fore tibize of the males, (although it is true that they exhibit a
tendency to become toothed,) whilst the horn of the head is still
further analogous to that of several of the males of the second of
these two groups. The other species agrees more decidedly with
the first of these two groups, in its velvety upper surface, and
externally tridentate male tibize; but the general appearance of
the insect, its comparatively small size, the form of the horn of the
of two new Goliath Beetles. 19
head, and the shortness of the sternal process, remove it nearer
to some of the subsequent groups.
Under these circumstances, I have no choice but to refer these
two insects to distinct new subgenera, the first of which will enter
as a section into the genus Mecynorhina, with the name of
SMICORHINA, Westw.
Corpus oblongum, depressum, supra velutinum, lateribus sub-
parallelis, pedibus elongatis.
Caput maris mediocre, disco inter oculos in laminas duas parvas
horizontales porrectum, angulis ante oculos porrectis acutis,
clypeo anticé in cornu breve recurvum apice obconicum pro-
ducto. Antennarum clava minuta. Maxillarum lobus in-
ternus in mare in unguem curvatum productus. Prothorax
lateribus pone medium fere rectis, margineque postico fere
recte transverso. Elytra elongata, depressa. Processus ster-
nalis brevissimus, apice rotundato. Abdomen subtus in mare
canaliculatum. Pedes elongati. Tibize anticze maris satis
graciles, extus tridentatee, dentibus parvis, intus pone medium
serratis. Tibize intermediz maris in medio 2-dentate; tibiz
posticee in medio 1-dentatez. Tarsi elongati, simplices.
Species unica. Smicorhina Sayi. (PI. 1. fig. 1.)
Nigra, velutina; pronoto sanguineo, vittis quatuor irregularibus
nigris, intermediis duabus antice abbreviatis; capitis facie
cinereo-velutina, pedibus nigris, femoribus (preesertim pos-
ticis) sanguineo-striatis, tibiisque posticis ad apicem sangui-
neis, capite subtus nigro nitido.
Long. corp. (cornu capitis haud incluso) lin, 13, lat. elytr. lin. 53.
Habitat in Africa tropicali occid., Cape Palmas. D. Savage.
In Mus. D. Hope.
1 have adopted the specific name of Sayii, suggested to me for
this interesting species by the Rev. F. W. Hope, in honour of the
late Thomas Say, the father of American Entomologists, and as a
mark of respect to his countryman, Mr. Savage, by whom this
interesting addition to the family has been made.
The second species will fall more naturally into my genus Cera-
torhina, in which it will form a subgenus, which, from the very
large horn of the head of the male, may be named
Mecatornina. Westw.
Corpus oblongo-ovale, subdepressum, supra velutinum ; elytris
postice angustioribus. Caput maris mediocre, supra fere
c2
20
Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions, &c.
planum, dentibus duobus minutis fere ad oculos positis, an-
gulisque ante oculos acute spinosis; clypeo in cornu valde
elongato, elevato, subrecurvo, apice longe bifido producto.
Antennarum clava mediocris; maxillarum lobus externus in
mare in unguem corneum acutuin productus. Prothorax
transversus convexus, fere semicircularis, margine postico
ante scutellum parum emarginato. Elytrasubconvexa, postice
sensim attenuata, maculis pallidis numerosis guttata. Pro-
cessus sternalis antice porrectus, apice subobtuso. Pedes
antici elongati, tibiis anticis curvatis, externe fere ad apicem
emarginatis, interne serratis; tarsis elongatis, simplicibus.
Tibize quatuor posticee in medio inermes.
Species unica. Megalorhina Harrisu. (Pl. 1. fig. 2.)
Supra opaco-velutina; capite supra albido, cornu subtus
castaneo; antennis nigris, pronoto brunneo opaco luteo-
tenuiter marginato, scutello brunneo ; elytris olivaceeo-nigris,
maculis numerosissimis fulvescentibus in seriebus 5 in singulo
elytro dispositis; pedibus castaneis, tibiis anticis tarsisque
quatuor anterioribus nigris, tarsis posticis flavescentibus
articulis obscuris; corpore subtus castaneo, cupreo, niti-
dissimo et eneo certo situ tincto, tibiis anticis intus denticulis
7 armatis.
Long. corp. (excl. cornu capitis g) lin, 18; lat. elytrorum ad
basin lin. 9.
Habitat cum precedent.
D. Savage misit ad D. Hope, in cujus muszo hospitatur.
This magnificent insect is here named in compliment to Dr.
T. W. Harris, one of the most zealous and learned Entomologists
of North America, in pursuance of a suggestion made to me by
Mr. Savage, by whom the unique specimen was forwarded to
Mr. Hope.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES.
Plate I. fig. 1. Smicorhina Sayii; la, the head seen sideways; 16, the
head seen in front; 1c, maxilla ; ld, sternal process; le, ditto seen
sideways.
Fig. 2. Megalorhina Harrisii ; 2a, head seen in front; 2b, ditto sideways ;
2c, maxilla; 2d, sternal process; 2e, ditto seen sideways.
Mr. J. W. Douglas's Description, Sc. 21
IV. Description of anew British Moth. By J. W.
Doveuas, Esaq., M.E.S.
[Read Ist February, 1847.]
Family TORTRICIDE.
Genus AncHyLorera, Stephens.
Anchylopera subarcuana, Douglas. (PI. II. fig. 4.)
Head and palpi white. Upper wings somewhat falcate, dull
ferruginous, having a darker flexuous line extending down the
centre from the base, about two-thirds of the length, forming a
small arch in the middle of the wing, and then continued angu-
larly to the apex. The base of the costa is ashy white, and the
colour is much lighter along the lower edge and within the pos-
terior angle. Lower wings rather dusky. Body griseous. Ex-
pansion of wings about six lines.
This is a very distinct species, and is intermediate between
A. biarcuana and diminutana, from both of which however it may be
known at a glance by its white head and palpi. I have only one
specimen, which I took May 12th, 1844, at Wimbledon Common.
Mr. S. Stevens has a specimen which differs from mine in having
the upper wings narrower and darker, but I believe it to be this
species. Mr. Henry Doubleday also informs me that he has one
taken near Whittlesea Mere last September, so that it would
appear to be double brooded. I may add that M. Guenée has
seen my specimen and that it is new to him.
22 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description of a new
V. Description of a new Species of the Coleopterous Family
Pausside, from India. By J. O. Westwoop, F.LS.,
Sec. Ent. Soc., &e.
[Read 4th August, 1845. ]
Since the publication of the last number of my “ Arcana En-
tomologica,” in which I completed an illustrated monograph of
the family Pausside, 1 have been favoured by two gentlemen
in India with specimens of two species of this family, forwarded
to me through the medium of post letters, inclosed in small quills.
One of these insects is the Ceratoderus bifasciatus, being the third
individual of that species sent to Europe, the first having been
brought from India by Fichtel, and deposited in the Royal Cabinet
at Vienna, and the second being in the Collection of the Rev. F. W.
Hope. This third specimen was sent me by Lieut. Col. J. B.
Hearsey, having been taken on the clothes of one of his soldiers
whilst on duty. The other insect, received by post, of which I
now beg leave to lay a description and figure before the Society,
was sent me by W. H. Benson, Esq., having been captured by
that gentleman.
From the apparently 5-partite, depressed clava of the antenne,
the general structure of the maxillary and labial palpi (the former
with the terminal joint smaller and more slender than the pre-
ceding, and the latter with the terminal joint large, subovate and
subtruncate at the extremity), the tibize destitute of calcaria, and
the long tarsi with the first joint larger than either of the three
following joints, this new species enters into the genus Ceratoderus,
which I proposed for the reception of Paussus bifasciatus ; but in
addition to a very different general facies, destitute of the glossy
surface so peculiar in that species, with comparatively shorter and
broader antennz and feet, this new insect differs from it in the
dilated second joint of the maxillary palpi, which is almost rounded
and flattened, in the bipartite and angulated structure of the pro-
thorax, the setigerous-margined elytra, and the outer angle of
the extremity of the tibize being obliquely rounded off.
The genus Ceratoderus* must therefore be more restrictedly
* Tt may be as well to observe in this place, that as this generic name is derived
from xég, cor, and not from xega, cornu, it is strictly applicable only to the C. bi-
fasciatus. It would therefore perhaps be better to propose a distinct generic name
for the group, and to give each of the sections a separate subgeneric one ; the name
of Melasnospilus may therefore be proposed for the genus, Ceratoderus be retained
for C, bifasciatus, and the name of Merismoderus be given to C. Bensoni.
Species of the Coleopterous Family Pausside. 23
characterized, so as to allow the introduction therein of the pre-
sent new species as follows.
Antenne clava depressd, quasi 5-partita. Palpt macillares arti-
culo 2ndo maximo, 4to gracili, praecedente minori. Palpi
labiales articulis tribus; 3tio majori, ovali, apice subtruncato.
Pedes haud dilatati; tibiis apice haud calcaratis, tarsorum
articulo basali sequentibus tribus majori.
Sectio A. Ceratoderus.
Corpus supra glabrum, nitidum. Palpi maxillares articulo 2ndo
subovali, lateribus subparallelis. Prothorax cordato-trunca-
tus. Tibia apicibus externe angulatis.
Sp. 1. Ceratoderus bifasciatus, Westw. Kollar. (Paussus b.)
Sectio B. Merismoderus.
Corpus supra opacum, plaga media elytrorum polita. Palpi
maxillares articulo 2ndo fere rotundato, depresso. Protho-
rax bipartitus, lateribus angulatis. Tibize apicibus externe
obtuse truncatis.
Sp. 2. Merismoderus Bensoni, Westw. (PI. II. fig. 2.)
Luteo-fulvus, opacus, capite punctulato, supra impressionibus
duabus rotundatis inter oculos alteraque versus medium mar-
ginis antici; prothorace bipartito, parte antica angulis anticis
productis subacutis, parte postica quasi 4-lobata ; elytris cori-
aceis, singulo versus medium plaga magna nigra irregulariter
triangulari ad suturam haud extensa, disco nitidissimo macu-
‘laque parva communi nigra ad apicem suture, lateribus
setulosis.
Long. corp. lin. 3.
Habitat in India orientali. D, Benson.. Mus. Westw. and Hope.
“I took two specimens under a brick near the river Ganges,
about fifty miles below Cawnpore, last year (1844), and this year
(1845), in January, I took one under a stone, in a black ant’s nest,
between the Savalik range and Saharumpore.” (Benson in litt.)
Fig. 2. Merismoderus Bensoni ; 2a, b,c, maxille in various points of view ;
2d, labial palpus ; 2e, portion of the hind margin of the antenne ;
2f, tarsus.
24 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description
VI. Description of another new Species of Paussus, from
India, with Notes of other additional Species. ByJ.O.
Westwoop, F.L.S., Sec. Ent. Soc., &e.
[Read 3d August, 1846.]
NotwitHsTANDING all the exertions which I made to render my
illustrated monograph of the Pausside, published in the second
volume of the Arcana Entomologica, as complete as possible, it is
surprising that, in the few months which have elapsed since the
completion of that work, no fewer than eight distinct species re-
quire to be added to the list. Four of these have been described
by Mr. Benson, in a paper published in the Journal of the Asiatic
Society of Bengal.
Notices of the captures of these species have from time to time
been read at previous meetings of this Society, in communications
addressed to me by Mr. Benson; and as many members of the
Society may not have the opportunity of consulting Mr. Benson’s
memoir, I here extract the short Latin characters which he has
given of his four new species.
Sp. 1. Paussus Baconis, Benson.
(Section A. Prothorax quasi bipartitus.)
(Sub-sect. a. Antennarum clava postice haud excavata.)
P, livido-succineus ; antennarum articulo basali, clave angulis
margineque, prothoracis lateribus posticis, femoribus, podice,
elytrorumque plaga magna communi, piceis; abdomine elytro-
rumque marginibus, tibiis tarsisque castaneis ; antennarum
clavé obliquo-triangulari, basi emarginata, in spinam longio-
rem externe product4, postice late impressa, cavamine rugoso.
3
Long. ;3; poll.
Nearly allied to P. rufitarsis ; but instead of the four short tufts
of hair on each side, and two at the apex, the elytra are margined
with long recurved spinous setz, sometimes double, of which there
are seven on each side, and a double row, with four in each row,
at the apex of each elytron.
Taken by Dr. J. F. Bacon in the Dehra Dhoon, at the foot of
the sub-Himalayan range, between the Ganges and Jumna, on the
14th August, 1844, in a sweeping net, among grass and bushes, at
the same time as a specimen of Paussus pilicornis.
of another new Species of Paussus. 25
Sp. 2. Paussus Nauceras, Benson.
(Section A.—Subs. b. Antennarum clava postice excavata.)
P. fusco-castaneus, prothoracis lateribus antice angulatis, parte
postica elongatiuscula tenuiori picea; elytris thoraceque
setosis illis elongatis, plag4 magna communi piced preeditis ;
capite carina elevatiuscula a clypeo emarginato egredienti
usque ad nucham attingente; tuberculo ad verticem posito ;
clavé antennarum naviformi, marginibus denticulatis, denti-
culis inferioribus setigeris ; carind antice versus apicem sub-
angulaté, versus basin profunde emarginata quasi sciss4 ;
tibiis mediocribus.
Long. 3/5 poll.
Closely allied to Paussus denticulatus, Westw., Arc. Ent. ii.
pl. 92, fig. 1. Taken by Captain T. Hutton, in July, 1845, at
Green Mount, Mussoorie, on the underside of a leaf of night-
shade. Another (apparently the opposite sex) was captured by
Dr. Bacon on the 5th July, 1844, with a sweeping net, in grass,
at Rockville, Landour, three miles from Green Mount.
Sp. 3. Paussus ploiophorus, Benson.
(Sect. A.—Subs. b.)
P. fusco-castaneus ; abdomine elytrorumque disco nigris, politis,
horum marginibus late castaneis; antennarum clavé naviformi,
fissuré basali profund4 angusta incis4 ; cavaminis marginibus
denticulatis, marginis inferioris denticulis setigeris ; abdomine
setarum brevium fasciculis duobus munito.
Long -%; poll.
Size and habit of P. denticulatus, Westw., and intermediate
between it and P. nauceras. Found drowned in a pool of water
in February, 1845, by Dr. J. F. Bacon, at Moradabad in Rohilk-
hund, to the north of the river Ganges.
Sp. 4. Platyrhopalus intermedius, Benson.
P. rufo-castaneus ; elytris angustioribus, singulo plagd elongat4
triangulari irregulari ad latus externum preedito ; antennarum
clava mediocri, subrotundato-quadrato, margine postico un-
dulato, versus basin late inciso, lingula acuta armato; capitis
fronte rotundato, clypeo minime emarginato, tibiis latis
oblique truncatis.
Long. 3, poll.
This species unites characters of three different forms—P. an-
gustus, P. acutidens, and P. Westwoodii. Captured on the 28th of
VOL. V. D
26 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description
March, 1845, at night, having flown to a light in a small bungalow
on Dr. Benson’s grounds at Saharunpore, the capital of a district
at the head of the Doab.
In addition to these species another very interesting species
from India, constituting a distinct sub-genus, was also forwarded
to me by Mr. Benson, of which the characters (and an accom-
panying figure with details) were read by me before this Society
a short time since (described in the preceding article’.
Two new species of Cerapterus from Port Natal have been
recently obtained by the Museum of Leipzig, of which (by the
kindness of Dr. Schaum) I hope to be enabled to lay descriptions
and figures before the Society ; and lastly another new species of
Paussus has within the last few days been received by the Rev.
F. W. Hope from India, the description of which I now beg leave
to lay before the Society.
Paussus Jerdani, Hope, MSS. (PI. II. fig. 1.)
P, prothorace quasi bipartito; antennarum clava postice valde
excavatéd; capitis vertice excavationibus duabus ovalibus ;
tuberculo elevato in singula excavatione ; rufescens, obscurus,
undique setulis minimis luteis obtectus; elytris setis longis
numerosis rufescentibus marginatis, his etiam plag4 maxima
postica nigra notatis.
Long. corp. lin. 3.
Habitat in India orientali.
In Mus. D. Hope.
This species is most nearly allied to Paussus Boysii, Stevensianus,
and especially to the well known P. thoracicus of Donovan. Its
general colour is an obscure red, the anterior portion of the pro-
thorax and the base of the elytra being of a more fulvous colour.
The head is narrowed in front of the eyes, the front part termi-
nating in two slightly rounded and flattened divisions, the incision
between which is angular and terminates in a shallow channel or
impressed line, which extends to the crown of the head, where it
terminates in two deep oval impressions, placed rather obliquely
to each other, and each having a raised tubercle within. The
club of the antennz is also triangular, with the front margin acute
and slightly arcuated, rounded off to the tip; the hinder or upper
margin is very deeply excavated, the excavation of an oval form,
with each side sulcated ; the maxillary palpi have the second joint
flat and broadly ovate, truncated at the tip, the two terminal joints
of another new Species of Paussus. 27
small, the maxille are very thin and semitransparent, terminating
in two deflexed hooks. The prothorax is quasi-bipartite, the
anterior part very slightly broader than the head, with the lateral
angles acute; it is dilated behind in the middle, and has a longi-
tudinal depression in the centre, not reaching to the anterior
margin; the hind part has the lateral portions elevated and of a
blackish colour, with a small patch of fulvous hairs in front: the
centre of the prothorax is deeply impressed, the hind central
portion forming two lobes rounded in front. The elytra have a
large black patch, occupying at least half of the hinder portion of
the disc, leaving a narrow rufescent margin; they are margined
with numerous long reddish bristles, both along the sides and
posterior margin; the podex is also similarly margined with shorter
hairs. The femora are pitchy, and the remainder of the legs
reddish; they are comparatively short and stout, without any
marked distinction between them in size or thickness. The basal
joint in all the tarsi is minute. ‘The entire insect is destitute of
gloss on the surface; it is very obsoletely punctured, but it is
clothed throughout with very minute luteous sete.
Fig. 1. Paussus Jerdani; la, maxilla; 1b, maxillary palpus in another
position ; lc, antenne ; 1d, leg.
VII. On the Gall formed by Diphucrania auriflua, Hope, a
Species of Buprestide. By W. W. Saunpers, Esq.,
F.LS.
{Read 7th February, 1847.]
(Pl. II. figs. 5—9.)
Mr. Wo. Stepuenson, while resident at Sidney, New South Wales,
discovered a kind of excrescence or gall on the branches of
Pultenza stipularis, and having obtained several for examination,
it became evident to him that they were caused by the larva of a
small Buprestis, which I find to be the Diphucrania auriflua of
Mr. Hope (PI. II. fig. 9). Mr. Stephenson, supposing this fact
to be new to Entomologists, kindly forwarded to me a series
of the galls, containing both the perfect insect and the larva, from
which I have been enabled to draw up the following account,
which I beg leave to lay before the Entomological Society. To
allow me to see the insect in its various states Mr. Stephenson
immersed the galls soon after obtaining them in boiling water, by
which means the vitality of the insect was destroyed, and by
cutting the galls open I was able to take out both larva and imago,
28 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the Gall, &c.
much in the same state as when procured by Mr. Stephenson in
New South Wales. The galls when full grown vary from 3 inch
to 1 inch in length, are of an oval shape, and in all the specimens
which I have seen are broader than the branch on which they are
formed. They usually occur singly, but occasionally two are
found together as shown in PI. II. fig. 5. Externally they are of
a reddish brown colour, somewhat resembling the colour of the
bark of the plant which nourishes them, and present a rather
rough warty appearance. ‘The anterior of the gall appears to be
a spongy mass of woody fibre, with an external covering of wood
in its natural state. Various irregular passages run through the
spongy portion of the interior, extending as far as the centre of
the branch, near which in advanced galls an elongated chamber
will be perceived, in which the larva changes to the imago state.
When this change takes place, the perfect insect eats its way out
of the gall, making a rounded aperture for its exit, as shown in
the upper gall of fig. 5. The larva (fig. 8) is apodal, about +45
inch long, nearly cylindrical, and 13-jointed. The forepart of the
body is abruptly truncate, with the first two joints smaller than
the third, which is about as broad as the tenth, the intermediate
ones being somewhat narrower; the remaining joints form a
rounded termination to the body, the last joint being small and
somewhat bifid. On the back the joints are depressed in the
centre, by a channel which runs longitudinally from the head to
the other extremity. The parts of the mouth are small and of a
dark brown colour. The general colour of the larva is a brownish
yellow or horn colour. Mr. Stephenson says he found the larva
in the month of June, which answers to the month of December
in this country. The perfect insect, I should suppose, appears in
the spring or early summer of New South Wales, but Mr. Ste-
phenson has given me no information on this point. It appears to
be common in the neighbourhood of Sidney. To illustrate the
economy of this gall-forming Buprestis, I have figured three galls
as they appear on the branches of the Pultenzea, as well as sections
of two other galls, to show their internal formation. From one
section (fig. 6) a larva was taken. From the other section (fig. 7)
a perfect insect was obtained. I have also given in fig. 8 as
correct a representation of the larva as my means would allow,
for I think it necessary to state that the foregoing description of
the larva, as well as the figure, were both taken from a specimen
in the dried state, but in such good preservation that I think
both will be found very near the truth.
Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description, &c. 99
VIII. Description of a new Species of Paussus, from
Southern Africa. By J.O. Westwoop, F.L.S., &e.
[Read 5th April, 1847.]
Genus Paussus, Linn.
(Section A. Prothorax quasi bipartitus. )
(Sub-sect. b. Antennarum clava postice excavata.)
(** Species Africanz. )
Paussus Parrianus, Westw. (PI. I. fig. 3, and details. )
Paussus testaceus; elytris nigris, basi apiceque testaceis ex-
ceptis ; antennarum clava naviculari, margine postico sub-
serrato, margineque infero excavationis integro ; prothorace
subbipartito.
Long. corp. lin. 23.
Habitat Port Natal.
In Mus. Parry et Westwood.
Corpus parvum, vix punctatum, tenuissime setulosum. Caput
latitudine prothoracis, vertice plano, vel potius subconcavo,
margine antico parum elevato, et in medio emarginato ; mar-
gine postico etiam subelevato; subito in collum postice con-
tractum. Palpi maxillares articulo 2ndo magno subovali,
apice interno haud porrecto; palpi labiales articulo apicali
subinflato. Antenne longitudini capitis et prothoracis
equales, clava subelongata subcurvata, basi postice in cornu
rectum producto, margine antico satis acuto; postico subtus
excavato, margine supero excavationis 5-impresso, margine
ejus infero integro simplice; apex clave antice rotundatus,
postice vero subangulatus. Prothorax nitidus, sub-bipar-
titus; parte antica lateribus angulato-productis et subacutis,
discoque in tubercula duo rotundata elevata producto, parte
postica angusta, disco carinis elevatis literam W simulantibus,
instructo. Elytra coriacea, parum setosa, nigra, subopaca, basi
(cum scutello) margine tenui laterali apiceque (cum tuber-
culo ad angulum externum) rufo-testaceis. Pygidium rufo-
piceum, semicirculare, lateribus carinaque mediana sub-
elevatis. Corpus subtus testaceo-rufum, tenue punctatum,
pedibus concoloribus, gracilibus ; tibiis subangustis, calcaribus
minutissimis, tarsorum articulis 4 basalibus longitudine fere
aequalibus.
Fig. 3. The insect magnified ; 3a, maxillary palpus; 36, labial palpus ; 3c,
3d, antenne, from below and above; 3e, apex of tibia and tarsus.
VOL, V. E
30 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description of
This new species belongs to the African subdivision of the
Paussi, which possess a subbipartite prothorax and an excavated
clava to the antenne; although its general appearance bears a
much nearer resemblance to some of the Asiatic species, especially
P. Fichtelii and thoracicus. The flattened crown of the head,
with the posterior and anterior margins somewhat elevated and
acute, distinguish it from all the African species to which it is
nearest allied, From P. ruber and cochlearius it is further dis-
tinguished by the more linear clava of the antenne and the black
dise of the elytra; the former character, narrower feet, and fer-
ruginous colour, distinguish it from P. excavatus, whilst the nar-
rower posterior part of the prothorax, and the structure of the
antenne: and feet, distinguish it from P. Klugit and Latreilli,
These four African species are represented with their details upon
one plate in my “ Arcana Entomologica” (vol. ii. pl. 91), so that
the distinctions of the species are apparent at a glance. Having
been indebted to Captain Parry for my acquaintance with this
interesting insect, it is with much pleasure that I have dedicated
it to him, as a slight return for the many opportunities which he
has afforded me of examining portions of his valuable collection.
Shortly after the preceding description was read before the
Society, Mr. Benson arrived in England, bringing with him spe-
cimens of Paussus Parrianus, which he kindly communicated to
me, with the following
Notes on the Capture of Paussi, at the Cape of Good Hope,
by W. H. Benson, Esq.
25th April, 1846. Under a stone at Camp’s Bay, on the western
face of Table Mountain, I captured a species of Paussus Bur-
meistert, Westw., which stained my finger when seized, as I had
observed its congeners do in Hindustan. It was surrounded, and
at first screened from view, by small brown ants, some of which
were winged. Westwood notes that Hope’s and Westermann’s
specimens have no appendages to the abdomen; mine has two
diverging spines set a little apart, near the middle of the podex,
underneath.
8th June. Between the end of Hope Street, Cape Town, and
Table Mountain, and on the skirts of the Devil’s Peak, discovered
under a stone, near a rill, and in rather a moist spot, eight spe-
cimens of the Paussus, since called Parrianus by Westwood, from
a specimen from Port Natal, and which a reference to the mono-
graph in the “ Arcana” showed to be undescribed. They were
anew Species of Paussus. 31
among crowds of ants, some on the under face of the stone, others
in the ruins of tle ants’ nests. Several of them crepitated and
stained my fingers.
13th June. ‘Two more specimens of Paussus Parrianus, among
ants, under the loose bark of a felled and decaying oak tree, on
the eastern base of Table Mountain, and by the side of a lane
running from Newlands towards Protea and Hout Bay.
15th June. Two other specimens on the same log. These
were undisturbed during my previous search, as fatigue pre-
vented my stripping off the whole of the bark. The whole of
these captures were made upon crutches, during short explora-
tions in places to which a wheeled carriage could convey me.
My success, under such circumstances, shows what might be done
in the locality by an active collector.
26th June. Three specimens among ants again, under the bark
of a felled fir-tree lymg near the same spot.
29th. A single specimen, under a stone, near the spot where
I made my first capture. It inhabited a formicary like the rest,
but this was the first instance in which I found this gregarious
species unassociated with another of its own kind.
7th September. While searching on the skirts of the Devil’s
Peak, near the third milestone between Cape Town and Ronde-
bosch, for specimens of Graphipterus 3-linealtus, Dejean, I found
under a stone, with its usual companions, my 17th specimen of
Paussus Parrianus, and on the 21st September I obtained three
more under similar circumstances near the same spot. It is sin-
gular that a species, comparatively so abundant, should so long
have eluded the search of entomological visitors to the Cape,
more especially of Thunberg, who brought P. léneatus and ruber
thence.
The abundance of specimens creating an indifference regarding
the chance of losing specimens not at once secured and set, ena-
bled me to keep some alive for a time to observe their habits.
In so doing, I discovered at least one use of the singular club of
the antenne: these beetles, when thrown on their backs on writing
paper, were, from their flatness in that part, and the shortness of
their feet, unable to turn themselves over, until, by turning an
antennz back, making the joint rigid, and using the club as a
lever, they throw themselves sufficiently over on one side to gain
their feet. When I deprived them of the assistance of their an-
tenn, by placing them with their heads beyond the edge of the
paper, their struggles to regain their proper position, by means of
their feet alone, were ineffectual. A club composed of many
E2
32 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description, &c.
loose _joints would have been useless, and the attempt to render
each individual joint rigid would have been fatiguing to the
muscles.
I could detect no sexual distinctions in Paussus Parrianus in
external appendages. ‘The specimens vary much in size, and one
variety has very little dark colour on the elytra.
A letter from Dr. Bacon received to-day tells me that he has
taken two more new Pausstz; one on the 17th April, in the
clutches of an ant, the other on the 13th May, flying. The first,
he says, is certainly quite new; the second, he says, comes
nearest to P. denticulatus. His collection of species, in all the
orders, amounts now to 3716, of which 2103 are Coleoptera.
IX. Descriptions of some new Species of Exotic Cetoniide.
By the Rev. F. W. Hope, F.R.S,, &e-
[Read Sth January, 1846. ]
Sp. 1. Diplognatha Herculeana, Hope. (PI. 1V. fig. 1.)
Affinis D. gagati, Olivier, at multo major. Tota atra, nitida,
clypeo truncato, reflexo; thorace fere in medio binis punctis
elevatis notato; elytra glaberrima, absque striis punctisque
ullis. Sternum in mucronem obtusum productum. Pedes
nigri, pilis nigris tibiisque dentato- “spinosis.
Long. lin. 15, lat. lin. 8.
Habitat circa Palmas, in Africa tropicali occidentali.
In Museo Dom. Hope.
Received in the year 1845 from the Rev. T. Savage of Cape
Palmas. Mr. Macleay has, I think, very properly considered
gagates, Fab., as typical of his subgroup Gagalesie. (Vid. Ilus-
trations of Annulosa of South Africa, ii. 22.) Dr. Burmeister
has united Cetonia [Tebrea, of Olivier, with the same genus; I
am inclined, however, to place //ebrea with other species in a
subgenus, as they differ in form and colouring, and cannot pro-
perly be ranked under Gagatesie. To the former group belong
Silicea of MacLeay, pectoralis of Bainbridge, and the typical
gagates. Campsiura, with which Burmeister seems inclined to
place it, is quite another form.
Fig. la, mandible ; 16, maxilla; le, mentum; 1d and le, mesosternal process.
Rev. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions, &c. 33
Sp. 2. Diplognatha ornatipennis, Hope. (PI. IV. fig. 2.)
Atra, clypeo fere quadrato, disco excavato, antennis nigro
piceoque colore tinctis. ‘Thorax ater, lateribus flavis, in
medio binis lineis concoloribus, antice posticeque haud ad
marginem extensis, binisque aliis irregularibus inter mar-
ginem et lineas thoracis positis. Elytra nigra, fascia aurantia
irregulari conspicud. Podex flavo-pilosus. Corpus infra ni-
grum, nitidum, aurantioque colore sparsim variegatum, pe-
dibus concoloribus.
Long. lin. 124, lat. lin. 53.
Habitat circa Palmas.
In Muszeo Dom. Hope.
I feel inclined to place the above beautiful species in the second
section of Diplognatha, along with Hebrea of Olivier and others.
Fig. 2a, maxilla; 26, mentum; 2¢ and 2d, mesosternal process.
Sp. 3. Cetonia rubro-cincta, Hope. (PI. IV. fig. 3.)
Atro-olivacea, clypeo obscuriori. Thorax concolor, marginibus
externis elevatis et obscure rubro-marginatis. Scutellum
margine omni rubro colore tinctum. Elytra nigro-olivacea,
limbo lato rubro inquinata, punctaque varia alba ad infe-
riorem partem disci sparsirn apparent. Corpus infra viride,
nitidum. Pectus parva macula nitet et segmenta abdominis
variant maculis albis duplici serie dispositis. Podex in medio
ruber, lateribus viridibus, punctisque quatuor albidis minutis
variegatus. Pedes supra et infra nigricantes.
Long. lin. 84, lat. lin, 5.
Habitat circa Palmas.
In Muszeo Dom. Hope.
I received the above insect from Cape Palmas. It is subject
to considerable variety, and it is doubtful if the red margins may
not be accounted for by immaturity. In many specimens also
the white punctures are wanting. Other individuals present
merely a dark olive colour without any variation.
Fig. 3a, maxilla; 3, mentum; 3c and 3d, mesosternal process.
Sp. 4. Glycyphana eruginosa, Hope. (Pl. IV. fig. 4.)
Leete viridis, opaca, capite nigro-punctato, apice emarginato.
Thorax undique vel lateribus tantum flavo-marginatus spar-
simque punctatus. Elytra leete viridia, opaca seu eruginosa,
34 Rev. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions of
marginibus flavis, maculisque parvis concoloribus post me-
dium disci positis. Podex convexus, circulariter striolatus,
punctisque tribus albis in triangulum positis alterisque duo-
bus lateralibus. Corpus infra olivaceo-viride, nitidum, pec-
tore albo-punctato, segmentis abdominalibus striolis trans-
versis albis in quadruplici serie dispositis. Pedes nigri,
femoribus et tibiis duobus posticis testaceis.
Long. lin. 532, lat. lin. 3.
Habitat circa Cap. Palmas.
In Mus. D. Hope.
Received from Dr. Savage of Cape Palmas. Closely allied to
Glycyphana impar of Gory and Percheron, pl. 56, fig. 2, [of which
it may possibly be a variety], differing in the colour of the head,
destitute of spots as well as the disc of the thorax. It is also
closely allied to Cetonia cincticollis, Hope, (Annals of Natural
History, August, 1842,) also from Cape Palmas, but that is at once
distinguished by the minute white spots on the elytra, and by the
transversely striolated pygidium.
Fig. 4a, maxilla; 4b, mentum; 4c, anterior tibia.
Sp. 5. Macronata stictica, Hope. (PI. 1V. fig. 5.)
Nigra, clypeo fortiter emarginato et punctato. Thorace con-
colori, punctis quibusdam minutis ad latera positis. Elytra
aterrima, lineis elevatis conspicua variisque minutis punctis
per totum discum sparsa. Corpus infra nigro-violaceum et
punctatum, sterno acuto, ultra pedes anticos extenso. Seg-
menta abdominis utrinque postice lineis albidis notata. Pedes
atri.
Long. lin. 7, lat. lin. 33.
Habitat in agris Mysoriensibus.
In Mus. D. Hope.
This remarkable species is evidently the type of a subgenus
pertaining to Macronata; it was received by me from the Mysore
country during the past year.
Sp. 6. Celorhina guttaia. Olivier.
The accompanying figures, Ga and 66, contain representations
of the head of the ordinary specimens of the males of this fine
species, seen from above and sideways, in order to show the
distinction exhibited by another remarkable specimen which I
received from Dr, Savage at Cape Palmas, which has the two
some new Species of Exotic Cetoniide. 35
anterior horns of the clypeus united together. The upper side
of its head is represented in figure 6c, and its side view in 6d.
Figures, with the necessary details, are also added, of three
other interesting species not previously sufficiently known :—
Sp. 7. Cetonia propinqua, Hope. (PI. 1V. fig. 7.)
This species, figured by Messrs. Gory and Percheron (Mon.
Cet. pl. 51, fig. 3), from my collection, has been referred, by Mr.
MacLeay and Dr. Burmeister, to Genyodonta umbonata. It is,
however, quite distinct, belonging in fact to a distinct subfamily of
Cetoniide, being in several respects most nearly allied to T'richos-
ictha fascicularis and capensis, but forming the type of a distinct
subgenus.
The unique specimen in my collection is a male, having the
four basal segments of the abdomen with a slender longitudinal
channel.
Fig. 7@, represents the insect of the natural size ; 7b, the maxilla; 7c, the
mentum; 7d, the clypeus; 7c, the fore tibie; 7 /, the prosternal
tubercle seen sideways ; 7g and 7h, the mesosternal process.
Sp. 8. Clinteria tetraspilota, Hope. (PI. IV. fig. 8.)
This species, first described by me in the Transactions of the
Zoological Society, comes very near to Clinteria imperialis of
Paykull, of which there are specimens in the British Museum.
‘The species is unique in the collection of Colonel Sykes, and un-
fortunately wants the head. It is a native of the Hast Indies.
Fig. 8a and 8 8, represent the mesosternal process.
Sp. 9. Diplognatha admixta, Hope. (PI. IV. fig. 9.)
This species, concisely described in the Annals of Natural His-
tory for August, 1842, inhabits Cape Palmas.
The specimen appears to be a male, having the middle of the
abdomen flattened but not longitudinally impressed.
Fig. 9a, represents the clypeus; 9b, the maxilla; 9c, the mentum ; 9d,
the fore tibia ; 9e and 9 f, the mesosternal process.
36 Mr. Westwood’s Descriptions
X. Description of Two new Exotic Species of the Genus
Papilio. By J. O. Westwoop, F.L.S., &e.
[Read 7th December, 1846.]
Sp. 1. Papilio Erostratus, Westw. (PI. IIL. figs. 2, 2*.)
P. alis supra viridi-nigris, omnibus incisuris albidis, posticis
acute caudatis et denticulatis serieque submarginali lunularum
7 albidarum; subtus viridi-fuscis, posticis pone medium ma-
culis 7 nigris, nonnullis rufo-guttatis, serieque submarginali
macularum parvarum rosearum, thorace fulvo maculato.
Expansio alarum anticarum une. 43.
Inhabits Central America. In Mus. Becker.
Allied to Papilio Acamas. ‘The upper surface of the wings is of
a dark greenish black colour, with the incisures strongly marked
with whitish buff; the hind wings have a rather long slender tail,
the denticulations, especially those between the tail and the anal
angle, being acute; near the outer margin of the hind wings is a
row of seven whitish buff lunules, very slightly irrorated with
rosy scales. The under surface of the wings is of a greenish
brown colour, the fore wings having a portion of the anterior
margin irrorated with buff and fulvous scales, and near the inner
angle of the wing are a few short oblong spots of the same colour,
very near to the outer margin; the hind wings have a series of
seven black spots beyond the discoidal cell, most of which (but
especially those next the anal margin, which are the largest,) are
irrorated with carmine scales or dots, and halfway between this
row and the outer margin of the wings is a row of small pale car-
mine-coloured lunules, the one nearest the anal angle being dupli-
cated and preceded by a black patch uniting it with the spot above.
The neck and sides of the body are spotted with fulvous.
Sp. 2. Papilio Zetes, Westw. (PI. III. figs. 1, 1*.)
R. alis fuscis, supra fascia maculari fulva, ex angulo anali fere
ad apicem anticarum extensa, maculis in alis posticis ma-
joribus et magis fulvis; anticis subtus macula trifida in apice
arez discoidalis ; macula triangulari costali, fasciaque macu-
lari albida; posticis fascia media lata argentea (venis fuscis
divisa) serieque submarginali irregulari macularum rubrarum
of Two new Exotic Species of Genus Papilio. 37
quarum quatuor majoribus in plagas totidem argenteas di-
latatis, collo et thorace fulvo- maculatis.
I:xpansio alar. antic. une. 33.
Habitat in Insula St. Dominici Indiz occidentalis. In Mus.
D. Hearne et Hope.
The upper surface of all the wings is of a rich brown colour,
the incisures slightly marked with pale buff; the tails of the
hind wings of moderate length, and narrow; the fore wings have
a few buff scales, forming several slight patches near the extre-
mity of the discoidal cell, a macular fulvous fascia runs from near
the apical angle of the fore wings almost to the anal angle of the
hind ones, the spots on the hind wings being largest, and extend-
ing nearly to the discoidal cell, and of a richer fulvous colour ;
the one nearest the anal margin is narrow and curved.
The fore wings on the under side have the macular band pale
buff, and a trifid pale yellow spot near the extremity of the discoidal
cell, beyond which is a subtriangular costal spot divided by the
adjacent nerves. The hind wings have a broad row of six silver
spots running across the middle, just beyond the discoidal cell,
the costal area with a yellow dash and a pale buff irregular spot
near the anal margin; at a short distance beyond this silvery
fascia is a row of seven red transverse spots, four of which are
dilated into triangular silvery patches extending outwardly; the
pale buff incisural marks are large and triangular.
The head has two small white dots between the eyes, and the
neck has two rows of four small fulvous dots; the sides of the
thorax beneath the wings are also spotted with fulvous, and the
abdomen has four longitudinal streaks of the same colour,
This beautiful species was brought from St. Domingo by John
Hearne, Esq. F.Z.S., &c.
38 Mr. Templeton’s Descriptions
XI. Descriptions of some Species of the Lepidopterous Genus
Oiketicus, from Ceylon. By Ropert Temeeton, Esq.,
R.A. (in a Letter addressed to J. O. Westwood.)
[Read 6th April, 1846. ]
“ Tertia species, ni fallor, mox describenda.”—
Rev, L. Guilding, Linn. Trans, xv. p. 375.
Axout fourteen months ago, while searching a stunted bush (Citrus
decumana) for caterpillars, I observed, depending from one of the
branches, a singularly formed cocoon, whose mode of attachment
excited my attention. I brought home the branch and placed it
in one of my breeding boxes, the lid of which was formed of
glass. After a few hours, happening to pass, I was surprised to
find that the cocoon had left the place where I had deposited it,
and had become attached to the glass, a fine thread from the tail
still, however, connecting it to the branch. I anticipated the pos-
session of a gigantic Psyche, but after a little time I recollected that
I had met with a somewhat similar cocoon figured somewhere
in the Linnean Transactions, and on searching found the paper
of the Rev. L. Guilding, which left me without a doubt of its
being a new “ Otketicus.”’ ‘Taking another peep into the box I
found my new acquaintance with its head out, and perceived that
it corresponded exactly with the figure given in his plate 2, in form,
and nearly in size (fig. 6), but differed slightly in the dark mark-
ings on the head. The mode of marching along the glass was
very curious: swinging its head from side to side, it attached by
its spinnerets twenty minute threads, a quarter of an inch long,
to the glass; it then hooked its fore claws into the loop, ad-
vanced a step and begun another set 0°2 from the former; in this
way it marched about three inches in half an hour, reaching the
wooden side of the box, across which it descended by a precisely
similar course of operations: when disturbed it immediately re-
tired within the cocoon, the funnel-shaped membrane or hood,
attached to the more rigid front of the cocoon, closing up the
mouth; when it has advanced to such a distance that the fine
thread which steadies the smaller extremity or tail becomes too
much tightened to permit a farther stretching, it is disengaged and
a new attachment formed to some other body, usually a leaf or
fine twig, which will yield an inch or two without the thread
breaking. I supplied fresh leaves (C. decumana) every day; in
about two weeks I found it attached to the glass by the extremity
of some Species of Lepidopterous Genus Oiheticus. 39
of the hood, a numerous set of fine lines radiating from its floccu-
lent edges, and attaching themselves and it to the glass. In this
state it remained about two months, when I noticed an unusual
bustle in the box, and found, on examination, a most active little
creature just emerged from the case; he was dashing about as if
mightily impatient of the narrow limits put to his excursions,
lashing his long tail about with much vivacity. Before I could
secure him he had injured himself much against the twigs, leaves
and sides of the box, but fortunately not sufficiently to obliterate
the characteristic markings on the wings. I transferred him to
my insect case, and named him in compliment to Mr. Guilding’s
prophecy,
Oiketicus tertius. (PI. V. fig. 1.)
Body purplish black, covered with very coarse longish hairs.
Abdomen dark brown with lateral tufts. Antenne brown; basal
half pectinated. Anterior legs with strong marginal hairs ; tarsi
and hinder legs nearly naked. Wings dark grey, elongate, covered
with coarse pulvinuli, a black triangular dash in the centre, with
two smaller, less distinct in a line, towards the tip. Posterior
wings securiform, triangular, concolorous. It belongs to same
division with O. Kirbi.
in May last I received from my friend Mr. Ff. Layard another
cocoon of larger size, which he found on a cinnamon bush; I
supplied the inmate with leaves of different kinds, but could not
discover any that it would touch. It soon attached itself to the
glass, and has remained there ever since.
In July last Mr. R. Dawson brought me from his coffee estate
in Saffragam a large female nearly of the size of the magnified
figure in plate 2 (Lin. Trans.) : it was found on the leaf of Delima
sarmentosa. The case is singular, being composed of a little
bundle of sticks placed parallel to each other, one inch and a half
long, twelve in number, tied together by a few fine threads wrapped
round the whole at the top, and a similar set at the bottom, and
interiorly connected by threads, which form the outer envelope of
the soft silky cocoon in which the animal resides; the expansile
neck is precisely similar to that described above. Before I could
get a drawing taken, she had attached herself to the glass per-
manently, and I have been afraid to touch it since. I am satisfied
it is a female, from an account given me of the whole process of
sexual intercourse with a male, by Mr. F. Dick, on the authority
of his superintendent, who had observed them more than once,
40 Mr. Saunders’s Remarks
I expect specimens from this gentleman. It is from size and the
brilliant yellow colour of the head and first rings unquestionably
a new species.
In August I found on another pamplemos bush two more
cocoons resembling nearly exactly those of the male described,
but rather smaller and more conical. One of them came out on
the 22d of October, warm moist weather, and I got, but much
injured, the following species, which, from its agreeing so closely
with O. (Cryptothelea, Duncan) Macleayi, I have named,
Orketicus (Cryptothelea) consortus. (Pl. V. fig. 7.)
Body brown, covered with coarse longish brown hairs, abdomen
brownish, nearly naked, last annuli yellow, with dark margins;
anterior legs with marginal brown hairs; posterior nearly naked ;
middle intermediate in this character; antenne pectinate to the
tip, dark brown. Wings uniform brown, broad.
Plate V. fig. 1, Otketicus tertius, natural size; fig. 2, cocoon; fig. 3, pupa
case ; fig. 4, exhibiting the ribbed appearance of a ring ; fig. 5,
male suspended at rest; fig. 6. cocoon of Oiketicus consortus ;
fig, 7, O. consortus natural size; fig. 8, case found Delima
surmentosa,.
XII. Remarks on the Habits and Economy of a Species of
Oiketicus found on Shrubs in the Vicinity of Sydney,
N.S.W. By W.W. Saunpers, Esquire, F. L.S., &c.
Drawn up from Notes furnished by W. Stephenson, Esq.
[Read Ist February, 1847.]
Tue larve are enclosed in a silken case, fortified on the outside
with pieces of stick of various lengths, generally about half an
inch on the main part, but towards the lower end there are usually
a few from one to three inches in length, in the centre of which
the lower end of the silken case protrudes free from the sticks,
and is very flexible. Through this aperture the larva discharges
its excrement and exuvia. The upper or head extremity of the
case is a beautiful tissue of soft silk, forming a tube half an inch
in width, through which the larva emerges to feed and change its
position. It frequently comes out half its length, but most com-
monly only protrudes its six true feet and the four first segments
on Habits, &c. of a Species of Oiketicus. 4]
of the body. It generally takes the precaution to attach a por-
tion of the side of the mouth of the tube to the branch upon
which it is feeding, and when any thing touches it unexpectedly,
it immediately and with great celerity recedes into the case, draw-
ing in the flexible part of the tube after it, and contracting the
aperture so as to exclude all enemies. The larve of the largest
cases are about three inches in length and half an inch in dia-
meter. The abdominal and anal feet are mere circies of small
points or hooks with which it moves in the case, taking hold of
the beautiful silken lining, to which it can adhere with great per-
tinacity. The cases are found suspended on various shrubs, such
as the different kinds of Leptospermum, Melaleuca, &c. at all
seasons, and are very conspicuous. Previous to changing into
the pupa state, the larva firmly fixes itself with silken fibres to
some branch or paling, drawing together and permanently closing
the head opening. It then reverses its position in the case, and
envelopes itself in a beautiful soft silken cocoon of a yellowish
white colour, On opening a considerable number of cases I
found the insect in various stages of growth in June. The pupa
of the largest cases are about two inches in length and half an
inch in diameter, and are of a dark chesnut colour. Those of the
smaller cases are darker, inclining to black, with the abdomen
much attenuated, and about one inch and a half in length. The
former are females, the latter males.
Notwithstanding the extraordinary care bestowed upon the
larvee to protect them from enemies, I have many examples of
the depredations of a parasite, and an ichneumon has appeared in
more than one instance.
August 30. On this day I first observed a yellowish white sub-
stance protruding at the lower end of the largest cases, which
upon close examination proved to be a portion of the females in
the imago state, one-third of their bodies being exposed. About
an hour afterwards, examining the cases again, I found the fe-
males had receded, and in opening a case the female moth became
evident within, and thus they emerge and recede as occasion may
require. The female is a large apterous moth, with very little of
the ordinary appearance of an insect of the moth kind. The length
is about 13 inches, diameter full halfan inch, colour yellowish white,
fawn or buff. Head and three first segments of the body naked
and glossy on the upper part. Feet very short. Antennz none,
or at least not visible to the unassisted eye. Anal segment of
the body clothed all round with a dense covering of silky down
42 Mr. Saunders’s Remarks
of a deeper colour than the rest of the body. Ovipositor well
developed.
September 5. Examined some of the females, no males having
yet appeared. Two or three were dead; one nearly so, having
deposited a great number of ova within the pupa case, which were
enveloped in a short silky material. When the female has de-
posited all her ova, she is literally nothing but thin skin, which
soon desiccates, leaving room for the young larve to pass. I have
examined other species of Ovketicus, and find all the females
are apterous.
September 20. A male imago appeared this morning; it had
been in active operation a good while, as evinced by its wings,
being much broken at the tips and otherwise much abraded. It
is an insect of very peculiar construction, and seems to have some
affinity with Zeuzera. It has the extraordinary power of extending
the abdomen to two inches in length, and of turning and twisting
it in all directions. When in this state it has alternate rings of
black and yellow, with a curious appendage at the extremity. The
male appears very eager to accomplish the grand object of nature,
namely, the continuation of its species, as its existence appears to
be of short duration. The large fat or rather distended females
have not room to turn their bodies so as to present the generative
organs conveniently to the male, consequently the immense de-
velopment of the abdomen in the males is of the greatest import«
ance; but it appears very extraordinary that the head of the
female should be inverted, when it is known that she never
emerges from the case unless by accidentally falling therefrom,
which position obliges the male when in the act of coition to
stretch his abdomen all along the side of the female full 13 inches.
This peculiarity appears to me to be the design of the all wise
Creator in order to afford a secure place for the defenceless larvae,
viz. that of the pupa case of their parent, from which they emerge
after the disappearance of their mother’s body, and immediately
form themselves silken cases covered with small pieces of any
thing they can procure, arranged in every respect like the larger
ones.
The foregoing interesting details were forwarded to me by Mr.
W. Stephenson, and as they refer to an insect which appears to
be undescribed [ shall here give a short character of the species
to enable future observers to identify it. I shall retain it in the
on Habits, &c. of a Species of Oiketicus. 43
genus Otketicus for the present, although I feel convinced that the
genus Oiketicus, as established by Mr. L. Guilding in the Linnzean
Transactions, will not properly admit the so called species of
Oiketici from New South Wales and our East Indian possessions.
Indeed Mr. E. Doubleday has already created a subgenus for one
( Thyridopteryx, Stephens) of the clear winged species from Western
Australia, in the propriety of which I fully concur.
Oiketicus elongatus, W. W. S.
Male.—Head rufous brown, with the eyes black. Antenne
short, of the same colour. Thorax black, with the anterior half
rufous brown. Wings sooty black, with the nervures hyaline ;
the anterior pair long, narrow, and sharp pointed, the posterior
pair about two-thirds the length of the anterior. Abdomen
black, tipped with rufous brown, occasionally much elongated,
when it appears as if it were black and brown banded. The
brown bands are occasioned by the membrane of the abdomen
showing itself at the joints. Legs anterior pair rufous brown,
the two posterior pairs black. ‘Tarsi black.
Expansion of wings 2 inches.
Abundant about Sidney, New South Wales.
In the Collections of the British Museum, W. W. Saunders, &c.
Female.—Apterous, cylindrical, of a yellowish brown or fawn
colour. Head and three first segments of the body naked and
glossy above; anal segments covered with silky down of a deeper
colour than the rest of the body.
Length 13 inch, diameter 3 inch.
Tn the Collection of W. W. Saunders.
44 Mr. Robert Templeton’s Motes
XIII. Motes upon Ceylonese Lepidoptera. By Roperr
TremPLeton, Esq., R.A.
[Read 5th October, 1846.]
Tue lime trees in Ceylon are occasionally nearly destroyed by
the caterpillars of the true Papilionide, namely, Papilio Polym-
nestor, Pammon, Polydorus and Hector; but most particularly
by the caterpillars of P. Pammon, which strips the trees com-
pletely, but this is rare. Very many other Lepidoptera feed
likewise on the genus Ciérus, but do no harm as far as I have
observed. I have both sexes of P. Mutius, the females are larger
and the markings more developed. I have plenty of P. Polydorus
and also P. Polytes. I have both sexes of P. Pammon; the male
has a little white mark near the anal angle of the posterior wing ;
the female an ocellus exactly resembling that of P. Polytes ; all the
other markings are the same in both, except in the females they
are larger and longer. One half of my specimens of P. Crino?
have the green band exactly divided by the closing nerve of the
discoid area; in the remainder it is broader and quite clear of the
nerve, but there is no other distinction that I can observe either
in the ocellus of the posterior wings or in the lunules; the latter
variety has the abdomen rather larger and I suspect it to be the
female. The male of P. Epius is without the blue lunule, the
female has it; and both sexes vary in having or not having one or
two spots outside the closing nervure of the discoid cell of this lower
wing; beneath, the markings in both are nearly identical, lunule
and all. Ihave a Diadema intermediate between Bolina and Auge,
the female of which has the apical angle of the same colour as
the rest of the wing, traversed by black veins. I believe the
brown specimens of Cethosia to be the males, as the large blue
ones have much the most tumid bodies. I have a new beautiful
Limenitis ? near Procris, dark purple velvet, paler at the margins
of the wings, with red patches across the discoid area, and white
spots in a curved fork near the apex; hind wings with a double
row of black spots along the exterior margin band with crimson
towards the exterior angle, and a similar dot behind the anal one;
all the spots are crimson beneath except the white ones. Charazes,
Nos. 104 and 105, are certainly sexes of the same species, the
latter I think the male ;* the pupa case is nearly globular, and is
* No. 105 is Charaxes Bernhardus, No. 104 is Charaves Psaphon, Westw.
Cab. Orient. Ent, pl. 21, fig. sup.
upon Ceylonese Lepidoptera. 45
represented in plate V. fig. 9, a section of it being figured in
fig. 10. Of Polyommatus I have twelve species, or very distinct
varieties ; of T'hecla twenty-five, some very distinct and beautiful.
Of some genera of minute Lepidoptera 1 have beautiful series,
especially of the Pyralide ; and of the china-marks, and their allies,
some very handsome species.
It may be worthy of notice that if a Centipede be mutilated by
a blow which only half kills it, after its death it contracts in
length to a very great degree, whence I was formerly led to believe
this to be a specific peculiarity. I may also add, in correction of
a previous remark of mine, that I now possess numbers of the
cast skins of the Ceylonese species of Phrynus.
XIV. Notes on Indian Lepidoptera. By Carrarn THomas
Hurron. In a letter addressed to J. O. Westwocd,
Esq.
[Read 5th October, 1846.]
Mussooree, 26th June, 1846.
My DEAR Sir,
Your letter was duly received, and I would
long ere this have answered it had I not wished to do so after
another careful examination of the manner in which the Saturnia
Selene (Plectropteron Diana) effects its exit from the silken cocoon.
After such examination however I can find nothing to alter or add
to my former notice of the insect, except that I have made a
rough sketch of the caterpillar (Plate V. fig. 11.) and enclose it in
this letter; the colours are dull compared to those of the living
insect, and the green is beautifully soft and almost transparent,
while at the same time the animal feels crisp and firm to the
touch; the sketch is very imperfect and faulty, but will convey
the figure of the caterpillar accurately enough if not already
known. You state in your letter that you cannot believe the
escape from the cocoon is effected by the instrument I pointed
out, (namely the appendages at the sides of the front of the
thorax,) because that is present in all Lepidoptera; this however,
so far from upsetting my statement, should rather lead to the
suspicion that many other species may effect their escape in the
same manner as S. Selene, particularly as in many cases it is not
VOL. Ve | F
46 Captain T. Hutton’s Motes on Indian Lepidoptera.
positively known how such escape is made. Look to Saturnia
for instance, or at least to some of the genus, which are described
as having “no mouth and as taking no nourishment in the imago
slate ;’ how does such a moth effect its escape? It cannot be by
ejecting a fluid from the mouth to dissolve the threads, because
the mouth is wanting; it must therefore be done by some such
instrument as that already pointed out, or by a fluid from the
anus. In regard to the common Tusseh moth of India, which is
said to possess no mouth, the escape from the cocoon, which is
very hard indeed, is effected by a liquid and not by cutting; this
I have frequently watched; the liquid must surely be from the
anus, since the mouth is wanting; the new mulberry moth which
you have kindly noticed (Bombyx Huttoni, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent.
pl. 12, f. 4,) likewise effects its escape, as does B. mori, by moisture,
but whether from mouth or anus is, I suspect, not precisely deter-
mined.
In the 112th number of the Annals of Natural History I see
Captain Boys remarks that he had never observed any Lucani
in the plains of India, although very common in the Himalayas:
Lucanus Girafa of Olivier has nevertheless been captured at
Saugor in central India by Mr. Benson, and I took it abun-
dantly last year at the foot of the hills in the Deyrah Dhoon ;
that valley however, at the place where the insect was taken, has
an elevation of about 3500 feet above the sea. I likewise last
year obtained a very curious and interesting beetle at Mussooree,
elevation about 6500 feet ; it was cut out of the trunk of an oak tree
which was being broken up for fire wood; it is allied to Scarabeus
longimanus, and belongs, I suspect, to the genus Hucheirus. I shall
send it home shortly, and beg of you to present it to the Ento-
mological Society of London, with my best respects. Mr. Benson
obtained the thorax of another specimen from a similar situation,
and a lad at this place possesses a perfect male likewise, but will
not part with it. 1845 was the first year in which any of us sus-
pected the existence of such an insect up here, and yet we have in
some instances collected for the last ten years. By the bye, I
observed in a former number of the Annals and Mag. Nat. His-
tory, that you had read before the Entomological Society an
extract of a letter from Colonel Hearsey, in which he states that
he had seen Papilio Pammon and P. Polytes in coitu; this appears
to induce, or rather to confirm, an opinion which had previously
been entertained, namely, that the insects were identical, being
the two sexes of the same species. This opinion I am convinced
is wrong, and the insects totally distinct as species, and my reasons
are these; viz. Ist, I possess specimens of males and females of
Captain T. Hutton’s Notes on Indian Lepidoptera. 47
both species; 2nd, the fact of their being taken in coitu is no
more conclusive evidence of identity of species, than the same act
between the ass and the mare would be! or the linnet and canary,
or of depraved man with the brute beast! ‘The species being
nearly allied, may in certain cases where the females of either are
scarce, or have been destroyed by some mischance, lead the
amorous male to couple with the nearly allied species, in order
merely to gratify his fierce desires, but we have no proof of the
female becoming prolific from such intercourse; nor if we had,
could it furnish more evidence than in the case of the horse and
ass. I shall endeavour by the end of the year to make up a box of
insects for the Entomological Society, and another for yourself,
which I must beg you to accept. I shall likewise endeavour to
procure a supply of the new mulberry silk worm; the eggs which
I had procured for you were kept in too warm a situation, and
hatched at a season when there were no mulberry leaves, so that
they all died. In the meantime, I send you a few remarks on the
genus Papilio, which will show what we have here in that genus.
Order LEPIDOPTERA.
Section 1. LeprporprERA DIURNA.
Family 1. PAPILIONIDZ.
Genus 1. Parinio.
Sp. 1. Papilio Machaon. The Swallow-tail Butterfly.
It does not appear to differ from examples of the European
insect which I possess. At Deyrah, in the valley of the Dhoon, it
is seen on the wing as early as February, and in April, its cater-
pillars are abundant there on the carrot. At Mussooree, in the
hills, it appears in the latter end of March and continues till
October. The caterpillar is green, with a black velvety trans-
verse band across each segment, bearing four spots of bright
orange ; it possesses the orange coloured retractile process in the
head, from which exudes a liquid drop of a strong aromatic scent,
when the insect is touched, precisely as in the European cater-
pillar. The food is the wild and garden carrot, and the leaves
and flowers of the raddish. I have taken the caterpillars at
Mussooree early in May, and the pupa on the 18th May. The
same species is abundant at Simla, and extends far into the
interior.
Sp. 2. P. Podalirius.
This species, if it really does exist in these parts, must be
48 Captain T. Hutton’s Notes on Indian Lepidoptera.
extremely rare, for during a five years’ residence at Mussooree,
I have never been fortunate enough to see a specimen either on
the wing, or in collections made here. In 1841, however, I cap-
tured a caterpillar, which I believed to belong to this insect, but
to my great disappointment, it produced nothing. I therefore
mention the existence of this butterfly at Mussooree, from having
seen a very exact painting of the insect, done some years ago by a
lady who captured a specimen near the village of Bhuttah, near
Mussooree. The evidence of its occurrence may be considered
insufficient, but this notice may induce collectors to make a close
search for the species.
Sp. 3. P. Epius.
Occurs in the Deyrah Dhoon, and likewise in the hills during
summer. Donovan gives the habitat “ China,’ and Cramer, who
figures it under the name of P. Erithonius, (Plate 232, A B,) says
it is very common in China, Java, and on the coast of Coromandel,
but never at the Cape of Good Hope. I have received it from
Madras, and frequently took it at Neemuch, in Western India; the
caterpillar feeds on the citron, and is green, with a reddish or orange
coloured head; the fourth segment of the body is also bordered
with the same colour, and there is a lateral oblique stripe on the
hinder parts, which is blackish and edged with white ; the spiracles
are black; there are two short tentacular horns projecting from
the anterior segment, and two others from the anal segment,
beneath which latter is a whitish stripe, running obliquely forwards
and downwards; a white lateral stripe above the legs, which are
yellowish. It is very like the larva of P. Pammon, figured by
Horsfield, except that the latter has no tentacular horns.
Sp. 4. P. Demoleus.
This likewise occurs in the Dhoon and in the hills; it very
closely resembles the last, but is readily distinguished by the red
spot at the inner margin of the lower wings, having a blue eye-
shaped mark above it. It is figured by Donovan as a Chinese
insect, and Boisduval gives the ‘‘ coast of Guinea, Senegal, and
Madagascar ;” Fabricius again gives the East Indies, and says
“the larva is solitary, smooth, of a yellowish green colour, with a
reddish head, two tentacles on the neck, and a bifid tail. Bois-
duval again applies this to P. Hpius, stating that P. Demoleus has
been reared at Senegal by M. Dumolin, and that the larva feeds
on the citron trees.’"’"—(Westwood’s Donovan’s Insects of China.)
Boisduval seems to be right in referring this description of the
Captain T. Hutton’s Motes on Indian Lepidoptera. 49
larva to P. Epius, but considering how nearly the two species are
allied, it is not surprising that the larva should be very similar,
and the description of the larva of the one species may therefore
very nearly suit the other also. P. Demoleus, however, is not
confined to Africa, as Boisduval’s remarks would lead one to sup-
pose, but is found in China according to Donovan, and in India
according to Fabricius; the latter statement I can corroborate, for
the species is far from uncommon here. It is figured by Donovan,
and also by Cramer, (plate 231, A B,) who states that it is from
the Cape of Good Hope.*
Sp. 5. P. Protenor.
Donovan figures the female, and Cramer gives both sexes
(plate 49, A B) as found in China. It is by no means an un-
common species in the warm glens of these hills during the
summer months, and it is common in the Dhoon. Its flight is
somewhat heavy and unsteady.
Sp. 6. P. Dissimilis.
Occurs in warm glens as well as in the Dhoon, but it does not
appear to be very numerous. It is figured by Cramer (plate 82,
C D), and said to be from China, where it is supposed to be
common, as almost every collection from that country is said to
contain them.
Sp. 7. P. Panope.
Is found rather sparingly in the hills during summer, but is
more abundant in the Dhoon. It is figured by Cramer (plate 295,
E F) as coming from China.
Sp. 8. P. Polytes.
Cramer gives plate 265, C, as the female of P. Polytes, A B ;
in this he is wrong, as I have taken males and females of both.
P. Polytes, A B, is not uncommon here during the rainy season,
and at Rajpore, at the foot of the hills, it is frequently met with.
Cramer’s figure C is a distinct species, which is also found here,
but its name is unknown to me. Cramer gives the habitat China,
Java, and coast of Coromandel, to which may be added the Hima-
Jayan vallies, the Deyrah Dhoon, Neemuch, and Saugor.
Sp. 9. P. Pammon.
This is the most common species of the genus, being sometimes
* [Dr. Templeton states (ante, p. 44,) the distinction of the sexes of P. Epius,
which Captain Hutton has evidently regarded as two species.—J. O. W.]
VOL, V, G
50 Captain T. Hutton’s Votes on Indian Lepidoptera.
seen in dozens in the same field at Rajpore, and elsewhere in the
Dhoon during the months of August and September ; nor are they
uncommon in the glens of these mountains. They are subject to
great variety in the size of the white spots which compose the
band on the posterior wings, as well as in the size and colour of
the lunules on the under side. It is figured by Cramer (plate
141, B), and stated to occur in China, on the coast of Coromandel,
and in Bengal. It is found also at Saugor, in Central India, and
I have received it from Madras. Mr. Westwood mentions in his
‘Arcana Entomologica,” that Colonel Hearsey had observed
P. Pammon and P. Polytes chasing each other con amore, and that
this fact partially confirms the statement of Boisduval as to their
specific identity. Boisduval’s supposition, however, is decidedly
incorrect, for | have repeatedly taken the males and females of the
two species; besides which, the fact of the one chasing the other
could furnish no evidence, since I took at Neemuch a fine specimen
of a male Euplea Plexippus actually in coitu with Huplea Chry-
sippus, and yet there can be no doubt whatever of the distinctness
of these as species. It may so happen that in some seasons, the
females, from particular causes, are scarce, and the males, burning
with fierce desire, may not improbably give chase to and even
couple with closely allied species, but this fact is no more conclu-
sive evidence of identity of species, than the same act between the
ass and the mare would be; or between the linnet and the
canary. It merely shows that nearly allied species may, under
certain circumstances, couple together for the purpose of satisfy-
ing their desires, but we have no proof of the female becoming
prolific from such intercourse, nor even if we had, could it furnish
more evidence than that we derive from the breeding of the horse
with the ass.
Sp. 10. P. Glycerion, Gray.
This very delicate and beautiful species is figured in West-
wood’s ** Arcana Entomologica ;” it is rather rare with us, and I
have never seen it on the wing. Mr. Westwood’s figure is taken
from a specimen captured at or near Simla,
Sp. 11. P. Agestor.
Is described by Mr. G. R. Gray as from Sumatra, but West-
wood’s figure is from a specimen taken in India. It is one of the
earliest of the genus, being found in woody situations in April
and May, dancing lightly over the tops of low bushes and trees,
with a sailing kind of flight, gliding along without moving the
wings. It is by no means rare at Mussooree.
Captain T. Hutton’s Votes on Indian Lepidoptera. 651
Sp. 12. P. Sarpedon.
Is one of the commonest, but not the least beautiful of our
butterflies ; it appears early in May, and is found till the end of
the rains in September. It usually frequents the top of oak trees,
where it flits about with a jumping or jerking flight, and is some-
what difficult to capture from its quickness, and the height at
which it keeps. It is figured by Cramer (plate 122, D E), and
stated to be from China and Amboyna.
Sp. 13. P. Cloanthus, Westwood.
Is very common in fine warm weather, flitting with great
rapidity over the tops of the forest trees. It usually selects some
lofty oak, over the summit of which it continues to dance with a
jerking flight like that of P. Sarpedon, until its domain is invaded
by another individual, when a rapid chase round and round the
tree takes place; one while they dart away from the tree down
the side of the steep mountain, but ever and anon return to the
favourite tree, until one is fairly driven off, when the other
resumes its dance as before. It is difficult to capture, from its
high and rapid flight. It appears in the end of April, and con-
tinues throughout the summer. It is most nearly allied to the
foregoing, but has tails to the posterior wings. It is figured in
Westwood’s beautiful work the “ Arcana Entomologica.”
These are all the species of this genus with which I am as yet
acquainted as inhabitants of these hills, but should such like com-
munications be acceptable, I shall be very happy occasionally to
record any facts that may come to my knowledge.
P.S. Since writing the above, it has occurred to me that I am
wrong in saying we have no other species of Papilio, as there
is certainly one, and probably two others. One seems to be very
closely allied to, if not identical with, P. Arcturus, but there are
some points of difference which make me hesitate to pronounce
them identical ; this one is very common in the Dhoon, and in
warm glens in the hills, during the latter part of the summer or
rainy season; the other species or variety differs in having no
tail to the blue patch on the posterior wings,—the patch being a
mere large spot, and the under surface has red Junules also, In
P. Arcturus, a yellow crescent spot is represented by Westwood
at the eye spot of the posterior wings, which neither of my species
possesses,
52 Rev. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions
XV. Descriptions of several new Species of Helide from
Australia. By the Rev. Frep. Wiui1am Hops, F.R.S.
&e.
[Read 6th July, 1846.]
Tue Marquis de Breme, in the year 1842, published the first part
of his “ Monograph des Cossyphides,” in which he describes all
the species of Heleus occurring in the collections of London and
Paris. Thirty-eight only are mentioned, and at the period of its
publication it was considered an important acquisition, as few
individuals possessed even a single specimen in their Cabinets.
Several of the species were described from my collection, and as
I possess nearly all which are published I have little doubt that
the others which are now described for this Society will be found
to be new. I am inclined to consider Heleus as a group of much
more importance than Cossyphus, and one which may be considered
as analogous to Cossyphus, but totally distinct: little is known
respecting its habits. In looking to the entomological fauna of
Australia I do not see any reason why Cossyphus should not
eventually appear there ; most probably it exists ; as in contrasting
the groups of Asia and New Holland I find a preponderance of
Asiatic types, with a mixture of forms altogether Australian, On
this point however I need not dilate at present: it only remains
for me to add, that, wishing to see described all the species of
Heleus occurring in our metropolitan Cabinets or elsewhere, ‘I
shall feel obliged by the loan of any new species which Members
of this Society may transmit to me for such a purpose.
Family HELASID/, Hope.
Sp. 1. Heleus princeps, Hope. (PI. VI. fig. 1.)
Fuscus, disco in medio nigricante, marginibus pallidioribus seu
rubro-fuscis, pedibusque concoloribus. Thorax antrorsum
rotundatus (angulis anterioribus complicatis) ; foramen antice
latius quam longius, postice tuberculo elevato nigricanti,
foramine utrinque satis conspicuo. Elytra late ovalia, postice
rotundata, medio disci atriori, suturdque elevata, sexque
punctatis lineis elevatis in singulo apparentibus, marginibus
late piceo-fulvis, punctisque atris elevatis sparsim aspersis.
Corpus infra fusco-brunneum. Pedes concolores.
Long. lin. 154, lat. Jin. 93.
In Mus. D. Hope.
The above magnificent insect, considerably larger than any
of several new Species of Heleide. 53
species of Helcus hitherto described, was sent to me by Captain
Roe of Swan River; it was taken at Norfolk Sound.
Sp. 2. Heleus contractus, Hope. (Pl. VI. fig. 2.)
Ater, ovatus, postice vix dilatatus, antennis piceis; thorace
marginibus elevatis, linedque medid longitudinali elevata.
Elytra sub lente tribus lineis parum distinctis notata, spar-
simque punctulata. Corpus infra atro-piceum, abdomine
colore piceo inquinato, pedibusque concoloribus.
Long. lin. 94, lat. lin. 33.
In Mus. D. Hope.
The above insect inhabits the vicinity of the Swan River, and,
as by some individuals it may be considered at a future period as
forming a subgenus, I give the following anatomical sections :—
Fig. 2a, mandible; 2b, maxilla; 2c, mentum, labium, and labial palpi;
2d, antenna; 2e, extremity of tibia and base of tarsus of the fore leg.
Sp. 3. Heleus Spinole, Hope. (PI. VI. fig. 3.)
Niger, thorace marginibusque elytrorum atro-brunneis, pedi-
busque piceis. Ovatus, capite depresso, subrugoso; angulis
thoracis haud complicatis, elytris in medio longis, pilis crispis
et atris obsitis. Corpus infra piceum, pedibus concoloribus.
Long. lin. 93, lat. lin. 64.
In Mus, D. Hope.
Habitat cirea Fluvium Cygneum.
The above insect is closely allied to Heleus perforatus of Kirby,
but differs considerably in form,* it appears to be mediate between
H. perforatus and Spenci, differing from both of them. Itis named
in honour of the Marquis of Spinola, a veteran in Entomology,
and lately the author of a splendid Monograph on the Cleride.
Fig. 3a, mandible; 3b, maxilla; 3c, mentum, labium, and labial palpi;
3d, antenna.
Sp. 4. Heleus testudineus, Hope. (Pl. VI. fig. 4.)
Lato-ovalis, cznicolor, squalidus, capite depresso, angulis
* [It is of a much more regularly oval form, with each extremity somewhat
acute; the anterior angles of the prothorax are subtruncate in front of the eyes
and do not overlap each other, leaving an open space of nearly the breadth of the
head. ‘The dise of the prothorax has two impressed spots, and wants the central
posterior tubercle which exists in H, perforatus—J. O. W.]
54 Rev. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions
anticis thoracis haud complicatis. Elytra sutura elevata,
medio disci crebris elevatis lineis satis notato, margine omni
lato elytrorum undulato. Corpus infra concolor.
Long. lin. 8, lat. lin. 63.
In Mus. D. Hope.
The above insect was received by Mr. Gould from Port
Essington.
Fig. 4a, mandible; 46, maxilla; 4c, mentum, labium, and labial palpi;
4d, antenna; 4e, extremity of tibia and base of tarsus of fore leg.
Sp. 5. Heleus Bremei, Hope. (Pl. VI. fig. 5.)
Orbicularis, brunneo-testaceus, antennis flavescentibus. Tho-
rax in medio convexus et atriori colore inquinatus. Elytra
testacea, sublutea, glabra, sub lente confertissime punctulata.
Corpus infra concolor, pedibus rufo-piceis.
Long. lin. 64, lat. lin. 43.
Habitat circa Fluvium Cygneum.
In Mus. D. Hope.
The above insect I have named in honour of the Marquis de
Breme, the author of the Monograph on the family of Cossyphus ;
at first appearance it resembles in form Emcephalus of Kirby ; it
is however allied to Cilibe orbicularis.
Fig. 5a, maxilla ; 56, mentum, labium, and labial palpi.
Sp. 6. Heleus echinatus, MacLeay. (Pl. VII. fig. 1.)
Ater, convexus, thorace angulis anticis complicatis, linedque
longitudinale media ad scutellum interrupta. Elytra echinata
tuberculisque obsita. Corpus infra nigrum, pedibus conco-
loribus.
Long. lin. 62, lat. lin. 4.
The above species was sent to me by Mr. William Sharpe Mac-
Leay, under the name of echinata, which I have retained, as it
differs considerably in form from all other species,* and may form
* [This species is most nearly allied to Heleus ovatus, Guérin, Voy. de la
Coquille, t. 5, f. 7, but differs from that species in its longer and more regular
form, the thorax having a semicircular outline, and not being ‘‘ un peu rétréci en
avant,” and the tubercles of the elytra are replaced in H. ovatus by broad
spines.—J. O. W.]
of several new Species of Heleide. 56
at a future period the type of a new subgenus. Its anatomical
details are given.
Fig. 1a, mandible; 1, maxilla; 1c, mentum, labium, and labial palpi;
i d, antenna.
Sp. 7. Heleus simplex, Hope. (PI. VII. fig. 2.)
Silphzformis, ater, capite subdepresso. Thorax convexus,
marginibus elevatis. Elytra lineis elevatis haud valde con-
spicuis; per totum discum puncta sub lente confertissime
apparent. Corpus infra nigrum, nitidum, femoribus tibiisque
concoloribus tarsisque flavo-spongiosis.
Long. lin. 8, lat. lin. 43.
In Mus. D. Hope.
Received from Captain Roe, of the Swan River.
Fig. 2a, extremity of tibia, and tarsus of fore leg.
Sp. 8. Heleus tarsalis, Hope. (Pl. VII. fig. 3.)
Phosphugzformis, ater, antennis subpilosis et piceis. Thorax
convexus, lateribus externis margine elevato conspicuis. Ely-
tra nigra, lineis elevatis notata, insterstitiis valde punctulatis.
Corpus infra nigrum tarsis pedum flavo-spongiosis.
Long. lin. 6, lat. lin. 33.
In Mus. D. Hope.
The above species is also from the Swan River.
Fig. 3 a, extremity of tibia, and tarsus of fore leg.
9. Heleus marginellus, Hope. (PI. VII. fig. 4.)
Ater, antennis concoloribus ; thorace convexo, crebrissime sub-
tuberculato, marginibusque lateralibus rubro-piceis. Elytra
ternis lineis majoribus rugoso-elevatis conspicua, granulisque
crebris in interstitiis satis apparentibus, margineque externo
elytrorum rubro-piceo. Corpus infra nigrum, pedibus piceis.
Long. lin. 8, lat. lin. 5.
The above three species evidently form a section. The anato-
mical details are given in the plate. It was received from Norfolk
Sound, and is, I believe, unique at present.
Fig. 4a, maxilla; 4, mentum, labium, and labial palpi; 4c, extremity
of tibia, and base of tarsus of fore leg.
56 Rev. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions, &c.
Genus Saracus, Hrichson, Archiv. f. Naturg. 1842, p. 171.
Saragus levicollis, Fabricius (Stpha).
(Pl. VII. fig. 5.)
Fig. 5a, maxilla; 56, mentum, Jabium, and labial palpi ; 5c, antenna ;
5d, extremity of tibia, and base of tarsus of fore leg.
Genus Mirua. MacLeay.
Sp. unica. Mitua Bidwell, MacLeay’s MSS. (PI. VII. fig. 6.)
Opatriformis, fuscus, antennis piceis. Caput depressum. Tho-
rax angulis anticis porrectis subacutis, disco parum excavato
et subpiloso. Elytra vix convexa, subdepressa, sutura elevata
lineisque quatuor tuberculosis in singulo conspicua. Corpus
infra concolor; margine externo elytrorum abdomen ambi-
ente, internoque perforato seu valde varioloso.
Long. lin. 53, lat. lin. 23.
The above insect was sent to me under the name of Mitua
Bidwelli, by Mr. William Sharpe MacLeay, which name I have
retained ; and as it is the type of a distinct genus, the anatomical
details are given.
Fig. 6a, labrum ; 66, mandible; 6c, maxilla; 6d, mentum, labium, and
labial palpi; 6, antenna.
Mr. Smith on Trypoxylon. 57
XVI. Observations on the Sphex figulus of Linneus ; (Try-
poxylon figulus, Latr., Fab., &c.); and other Hymenoptera.
By F. Smirsz, Esq.
{Read 5th July, 1847.]
Trypoxylon figulus, previous to the year 1835, was generally con-
sidered to be a parasitic insect, about which period Mr. Johnson
detected it conveying a species of Aphis into its nest, as recorded
in Mr. Shuckard’s Monograph on the British Fossores, I had
myself certainly considered it to be parasitic, and its habit of
frequenting old posts, dry sand banks, &c., constantly prying
into every hole it meets with, strengthened my opinion. Subse-
quent observation shows how careful naturalists ought to be in
forming conclusions, derived either from partial observation, or
founded upon immaterial structural differences.
In the month of June, 1845, I met with a complete colony of
Trypoxylon, formed in a dry sandbank ; their numbers were truly
astonishing, the insect being usually solitary in its habits. On the
top of the bank was a close hawthorn hedge, an admirable situa-
tion in which to find its prey, generally consisting of spiders. It
was quite amusing to observe the rapidity with which they captured
and conveyed their prey.
Last summer, I observed several females busy about an old
decayed post. One I detected burrowing with great assiduity ;
others were conveying their prey, which in this instance consisted
of Aphides. 1 dug out several of the masses of Aphides, on some
of which a small larva was feeding, and on another I detected an
egg, which was hatched in four days. It grew rapidly, and in
ten days it had consumed the whole of its stock of food, the legs
and wings alone remaining. It then remained in astate of iethargy
from three to four days, when it commenced spinning its cocoon ;
this occupied three or four days more. The cocoons are oblong,
a little rounded at each end, and their length varies from four to
six or seven lines; in texture they exactly resemble the semi-
transparent French tracing-paper. Having spun the cocoon, the
larva remains in a state of lethargy until the following spring,
when at the end of April it casts offa larva skin, becomes a pupa,
and then gradually assumes the perfect state; the head becoming
first visible, then the wings, and afterwards the legs present them-
selves; it is then of a pale amber colour, which gradually becomes
darker and darker, until it changes to jet black. A few warm
58 Mr. Smith on Trypoxylon.
days now rouse the insect from its inactivity, and it by degrees
struggles to free itself from the thin pellicle in which it is enveloped.
The spines at the apex of the tibia are of essential service; with
these it frees its antenne of their covering, by drawing them be-
neath the spines, and by that means readily strips it off; they also
serve to push the thin skin off the body, legs, &e. The first warm
day now serves to call the insect forth into active life.
This insect, it will be observed, by no means confines itself to
one kind of food. The same I have observed of Tachyies pom-
piliformis, which at one times elects a Lepidopterous larva, and at
another a species of grasshopper.
I would also record an observation which I made last autumn
upon Mellinus arvensis, which has been stated to carry dead flies
to the young larva when hatched; this is undoubtedly true to
some extent, as I dug out nests in which the young larva was
feeding, and into which I had observed the parent insect carry a
dead fly.
It is the usual mode with solitary insects to store up as much
food as is necessary, and then to deposit the egg; but Mellinus
deposits an egg on the first fly stored, and then continues to com-
plete the necessary supply, the larva being hatched before she
has completed her task. I have also to record the same habit of
the common sand wasp, Ammophila sabulosa, which deposits an
egg upon the first caterpillar which she stores up, a circumstance
which I have frequently observed. One which came under my
observation last summer, I detected busily engaged in pulling out
the small pebbles, &c., with which she had stopped up the en-
trance to her burrow. I dug out the insect and found a larva
feeding on a caterpillar previously deposited. I believe the dif-
ference of habit to result merely from the time of depositing the
egg, and not in the insect periodically supplying the larva, as in
the case of gregarious Hymenoptera.
Mr. John Edward Gray on Cheirotonus Parrii. 59
XVII. Description of Cheirotonus Parrii, a new Species of
the Family Euchiride. By Joun Epwarp Gray, Esq.,
ELR.S:, &e.
{Read 7th June, 1847.]
Havine recently acquired a pair of a species of the genus Cheiro-
tonus from Northern India, and Captain Parry having kindly
brought his specimen of the male of Ch. Macleaii to the Museum
for comparison, I have been induced to draw up the following
distinctive characters of the two species.
Cuerroronus Macteatt, Hope.
Brassy green, with large yellow spots
on the elytra.
Front of the femur of forelegs angu-
larly produced in the centre.
Tibia of forelegs very long, strongly
curved, and sharply bent inwards at the
end, with a subcentral elongated spine
above, and a similar spine at the end;
oblong, rather compressed, with a few
scattered asperities on the upper sur-
face, and with two minute spines on the
lower outer surface.
Thorax punctated with a triangular
slight impression in the middle of the
front edge.
Scutellum polished.
Cuetroronus Parru, Gray.
Brassy green, the elytra marbled with
yellow.
Front of the femur of forelegs with a
small spine on the middle.
Tibia of the forelegs moderate, very
slightly arched, with two similar spines
above, subtrigonal, with scattered aspe-
rities on the upper surface, and with
three spines on the lower outer edge.
Thorax deeply and coarsely punc-
tured, with a small angular projection
in the middle of the front edge.
Scutellum deeply punctured.
Mr. Westwood, in describing Capt. Parry’s specimen (Cabinet
Oriental Ent. p. 3,) observes, that at the extremity of the tibia
“there is a small thick moveable spine.” I suspect that Mr.
Westwood has mistaken a slight notch in the upper surface for a
joint ; for the terminal spine is exactly similar to the one near the
middie, and as continuous with the rest of the tibia.
60 Mr, F. Walker's Wotes on Aphides.
XVIII. Motes on Aphides. By F. Waker, Esq. In a
Letter addressed to W. Spence, Esq.
[Read 6th September, 13847.]
Grove Cottage, Southgate,
August 16th, 1847.
My pear Sir,
I nave received your obliging letter, and I shall be happy to send
you any information I can respecting Aphides, but my knowledge
of them is as yet very slight. I believe that the dock is one of
the plants from which the black bean Aphis (A. Rumicis), is
hatched from the egg in the spring, and that the second genera-
tion, which is winged, migrates thence to the bean, pea, thistle,
chenopodium, &c. &c. It afterwards settles on a great variety of
other plants, but does not appear to thrive on them ; however, it
sometimes swarms in great profusion on the laburnum, broom,
and furze; it was very abundant last autumn on the furze near
Lancaster, and was accompanied by the male in November, and
the wingless female then deposited her eggs on the spikes of that
plant. Many, especially the migratory species, have wingless and
winged broods alternately, and the migrations of the latter serve
several purposes; they prevent the extinction of a race which
would otherwise follow the withering of its food; they cause the
injury inflicted to be in general but temporary, and they distribute
and thereby equalize it over a district or country. I believe that
the migrations are merely in search of fresh food for themselves
and young ones, and not to deposit eggs, and that, generally
speaking, the migratory swarms are all females, the males not
appearing till late in the autumn. I began to attend to dphides
last year, and I did not observe any males till October and No-
vember, when I saw them in the following species, A. Platanoidis,
Betule, Fagi, Tilia, Rubi, Viburni, Persice, Ribis, Mali, Sorbi,
Dichoda, and afew more. ‘The winged males of the above named
species all paired with wingless Sake previous to the egg- laying
of the latter. Some species are always wingless, or perhaps in
fine warm seasons a winged individual may now and then appear
amongst the swarms; in other species all the broods are winged
till the Jast, wherein the wingless oviparous female pairs with
the winged male; but in the majority of species the wingless
and winged generations are alternate, and the second brood are
always winged. ‘The best treatises on Aphides that I have
Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Aphides. 61
read, are one by Dr. Richardson (Phil. Trans.), and one by W.
Curtis (Linn. Trans.) As far as I have remarked, the obser-
vations of the writer in the Phil. Trans., which you quote, are
correct in regard to several species. I have never seen a male
pairing with a winged female, but Mr. Hardy, an entomologist of
Newcastle, informed me last year that he had observed such to
be the case with one species, and I have no doubt of his accuracy.
In one species (4. Saliceti), the wingless and winged broods of
females are alternate, but in June wingless oviparous females
appeared differmg much in structure from their viviparous rela-
tions, and accompanied by wingless males, with which they paired.
A. juglandicola, a pretty little yellow or orange species on the
walnut, is also remarkable; the female has continued viviparizing
for the last six weeks, but a short time ago the male suddenly
appeared, and after a few days passed away ; it was accompanied
by avariety of the female, but I did not observe that they paired.
I cannot say that I have seen this year any periodical flight of
Aphides, but I do not believe that it was confined to one day nor
to one species, the bean Aphis. Last year I distinctly remarked
two large flights or migrations of several species; the first in the
middle of May, the second in the middle of September; they
both occurred on still fine warm days, and I think that the flight
of 4phides is too passive and feeble to allow their migrations
from along distance. In most species, where the generations are
alternate, the winged females migrate as soon as their wings are
fully developed and dry, and the chief object of such flights is to
place their wingless young ones in possession of fresh pastures,
and their existence soon ceases when this purpose is accomplished.
Do you think that a comparison of the analysis of different plants
would enable us to discover why Aphides prefer some to others in
their migrations? 4. Rose migrates from the rose to the teazle,
another species from the rose to the blades of corn and grasses,
a third from the rose to the columbine, a fourth from the willow
to umbelliferous plants, &c. Are their correspondencies in the
respective proportions of the constituent parts of these plants ?
I remain, my dear Sir, yours sincerely,
Francis WALKER.
62 Dr. H. Schaum’s Votes on the
XIX. Notes on the Natural History of Aphides, translated
from Ratzeburg’s Forstinsecten, Vol. wit. 1844. By Dr.
H. Scuaum.
[Read 6th September, 1847.]
Srxes.—The sexes of the Aphides cannot be completely described,
the males being so scarce that they were never seen by Reaumur.
Ratzeburg saw those of one species only; Degeer, Kaltenbach,
and Bouché, have observed them oftener.
Generally the very lively males are winged, but there are also
apterous males. In almost all cases they are much smaller than
the females; the apterous ones so much so, that the only time when
Kaltenbach saw them, he took at first the males, which were in
copulation, for young specimens on the back of their mothers.
They measured scarcely one-eighth of the size of the females.
Also the winged males are generally much smaller. A constant
character of this sex is, according to Kaltenbach, the deeply
emarginated semilunar shape of the first anal lobe.
Meramorrnosis.—It is incomplete, but differs in several points
from that of the other Ametabola. It does not always begin with
the eggs, but often with the darva state. Besides we find in the
same species, Pteromatabola and Apterometabola ; this is proved to
be the case in the females, although not quite so well ascertained
in the males. The larve are less perfectly articulated, the joints
of the antennze fewer, the ocelli wanting, &c. It is surprising that
the apterous female parents, consequently imagines, have fewer
joints of the antennze than the winged females and larve. It is
generally stated, that they cast their skin four times.
Hasits.—These soft and tender insects require a mild tempera-
ture, a closed place, and a luxurious vegetation. Consequently
they are more common in the southern countries and in gardens.
They prefer the underside of the leaves, and are more frequent on
wood than on grasses and herbs. No indigenous tree is free from
them; on the birch and willow from eight to ten species are found.
The same species is generally confined to one particular place on
the tree. They are, as both Linné and Schrank knew well,
generally strictly monophagous. The puncture of their beak very
often causes no injury whatever; in other cases, however, diseases
and disfigurations are produced by it, which are always the same
Natural History of Aphides. 63
in the same species, ‘The most striking monstrosities are often
produced only by the minute female parent.
Devetopment.—It is well known that the 4phides are propa-
gated through many generations in a year; that all those gene-
rations are born alive at one period by apterous and at another by
winged females ; that the presence of a male is not required, and
that the males appear only when, at the end of that enormous
multiplication, eggs are deposited by unminged females. Not all
of them, however, have many generations, nor are all both ovi-
parous and viviparous ; most likely some genera are only vivi-
parous, some others only oviparous. Kaltenbach has based on this
difference a division into vivi-oviparous, viviparous, and oviparous.
Of the two latter we know at present very little. The vivi-
oviparous bear during the summer only living young, and _infi-
nitely often; in the autumn at the same time with the appearance
of the males, eggs are deposited, from which the female parents
of the next year are produced. This sometimes happens during
the winter, oftener in the next spring. The action of bearing in the
summer, as well as the deposition of the eggs in the autumn, can
easily and often be observed. ‘They bear often fourteen or fifteen
times a day; after the lapse of from four to ten days, the young
specimens begin to bear. In June we find often grandmothers and
grandchildren together ; the latter are then already often winged.
In the same brood there often occur winged and apterous speci-
mens; the apterous are always sooner fertile. The deposition of the
eggs, which always causes the death of the specimen, takes place
in autumn, and always from apterous females,
Corutation.—The act of it is seldom observed, the males
being so scarce and so small, and observation being seldom made
at the exact time it takes place. Bouché saw that the same male
copulated with from four to six females, one after another.
Hisernation.—The Aphides hibernate generally in the state
of eggs; sometimes the female parents survive the winter; those
of the viviparous species always. Bouché saw whole colonies
hibernate, even males, which had not copulated,
Importance in economy to fields, gardens, and forests—The
Aphides are in this respect very important; they often cause
monstrosities and distortions of leaves, and are often very per-
nicious to the crops. The mildew of the grain crops and upon
peas is said by several authors to be the product of Aphides ; this
is, however, not likely. The number of dphides is sometimes
64 Dr. H. Schaum’s Notes on Aphides.
enormous. Kirby and Spence state that they are in England
amongst the greatest enemies of vegetation. ‘Their augmentation
is favoured by warm weather, sultry air, &c. Means of destruc-
tion are hardly applicable. The advice given is to strew powdery
substances on low herbs, and this proves generally to be effica-
cious; gypsum, powder of lime, salt, &c. The larvee of Cocci-
nellide, Hemerobii, and some Syrphi, are their enemies, and these
are to be spared.
A few additional Observations from an Article by Kaltenbach, in
the Entomol. Zeitung of Stettin, 1844.
1. Several genera have no apterous females besides the female
parent, but only winged females and nymphe.
2. In some years no winged females appear of some species,
which, however, are observed in a more favourable year. For
instance, Kaltenbach could not see any winged females of Lachnus
querciis in 1844; it was only in 1845 that he found one,
XX. Two Decades of new Cetonide. By Dr. H.Scuaum,
Secretary of the Entomological Society of Stettin.
[Read lst November, 1847. ]
Sp. 1. Heterorrhina (Plesiorrhina) Swanzyana, Parry, MS.
Supra nigra; subiridescens, thoracis margine laterali pygi-
dioque rufo-testaceis, vitta elytrorum laterali flava, subtus
rufo-testacea, tibiis tarsisque nigris.
Long. 8% lin.
Habitat in Guinea. Mus. Parrii.
Caput fere ut in Pl. mediana, Westw., formatum, clypeo qua-
drato, parum marginato, antice recto, angulis rotundatis,
fronte obsolete carinata, nigrum, creberrime punctulatum.
Thorax a basi antrorsum angustatus, disco fere levis, lateri-
bus punctulatus, niger, subiridescens, margine laterali ultra
medium rufo-testaceo. Scutellum nigrum, nitidum, linea
longitudinali obsoleta. Coleoptera oblonga, latitudine du-
plo longiora, postice parum angustata, sparsim subtilissime
punctata, sutura postice subelevata, nigra, subiridescentia,
vitta laterali neque humeros neque angulos posteriores at-
Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide. 65
tingente flava. Pygidium rufo-testaceum. Corpus subtus
totum cum femoribus rufo-testaceum, tibiis tarsisque nigris,
tibiis posticis nigro-ciliatis. Processus sternalis angustus,
apice recurvus ¢.
Of this species I have only seen one male in the collection of
Captain Parry, to whom it was sent by his friend Swanzy, Go-
vernor of Fort Dixcove, on the Goldcoast of Guinea. The shape
of the head and the colour of the body being the same as in
Plesiorrhina mediana, I believe that the female has simple ante-
rior tarsi, and that the species consequently belongs to the divi-
sion Plesiorrhina. By its elongated shape it resembles Pl. re-
curva, Fab. ;
Sp. 2. Heterorrhina bicostata, Melly, MS.
Smaragdina, punctata, capite quadrato, inermi, thorace parvo,
elytris elongatis, bicostatis, sterni mucrone brevi, recto.
Long. 10 lin.
Habitat in Guinea. Mus. Mellii.
Caput inerme, elypeo quadrato, antice truncato viride, nitidum,
punctatum. Antenne nigre, clava majore. Thorax parvus,
a basi antrorsum angustatus, lateribus obliquis, viridis, nitidus,
undique punctulatus. Scutellum magnum, latitudine longius,
punctis paucis minimis impressum. Elytra valde elongata,
thorace plus duplo longiora, postice vix angustata, smarag-
dina, sutura apice subacuminata costisque duabus elevatis
fere levibus, interstitiis et lateribus profundius et crebrius
punctatis. Subtus smaragdina, processus sternalis parte me-
sosternali brevi subdependente, fere recto. Tibize antice in
specimine viso inermes, posteriores interne longitudinaliter
sulcate, posticee elongate, extus obtuse dentatz, tarsi pos-
tici tibiis multo breviores ¢.
Having seen one male specimen only, I cannot decide if this
species belong to the sectio Coryphocera, Burm., or Plesiorrhina,
Burm. The square head is, however, more like that of Cory-
phocera viridienea, than that of Plesiorrhina recurva. In its
general appearance it much resembles the genus 7Z'mesorrhina,
from which it may however be at once distinguished by its narrow
sternum. The small thorax, the short posterior tarsi, the sulcated
middle and hind tibia, and the shortness of the mesosternal part
of the sternal process, are characters peculiar to this species.
VOL. V. H
66 Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide.
Sp. 8. Gymnetis pecila. (Pl. VIII. fig. 2.)
Atra, supra holosericea, subtus nitida, elytrorum guttis qui-
busdam et limbo posteriore, intus bilobato, nigro-punctato
flavis.
Long. 10—12 lin.
Habitat in Mexico. Mus. Berolin., Thoreyi, nostr.
G. Sallet quodammodo similis, sed capite thoraceque atris
elytrorum signaturis, sterno minore, etc. abunde differt.
Caput holosericeum, clypeo quadrato, apice marginato.
Thorax et scapule atra, holosericea, immaculata. Coleop-
tera thorace latiora, postice parum angustata, supra plana,
sutura subelevata; atra, holosericea, parte anteriore guttis
maculisque quibusdam lateralibus et basalibus flavis, parte
posteriore late flavo-limbata, limbo intus bilobato, lobo ante-
riore in fasciam mediam irregularem extenso, limbo ipso
nigro-punctato. Pygidium atrum. Corpus subtus atrum,
medio nitidum, femoribus anticis tibiisque posterioribus nigro-
pilosis. Processus sternalis, ut in similibus, dependens ¢.
This species belongs to the same division as G. marmorea,
Sallei, &e.
Sp. 4. Gymnetis Wollaston. (Plate VIII. fig. 3.)
Supra chromatica, irregulariter nigro-maculata, subtus glauca.
Long. 14 lin.
Habitat in Mexico. Mus. nostr.
Caput chromaticum, verticis puncto nigro, clypeo quadrato,
marginato. Thorax luteus, maculis numerosis nigris, decem
exterioribus in circulo dispositis et interiores radiatas inclu-
dentibus. Scapule luteze. Coleoptera thorace latiora, sub-
quadrata, postice subangustata, sutura apice subacuminata ;
lutea, irregulariter crebre nigro-maculata. Pygidium glau-
cum, transversim subtiliter strigosum, glabrum. Corpus
subtus cum pedibus glaucum, femoribus anticis tibiis pos-
terioribus fulvo-fimbriatis. Processus sternalis magnus, de-
pendens, supra angulatus. ‘Tibiz antice tridentate.
This beautiful species (which I have dedicated to my friend
V. Wollaston) belongs to the tenth division established in the
genus Gymnetis, by Professor Burmeister.
Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide. 67
Sp. 5. Gymnetis Dysoni, White, MS.
Supra rubra, nigro-maculata, subtus atra nitida, tibiis posterio-
ribus nigro-villosis.
Long. 10 lin.
Habitat Venezuele. D.Dyzon. Mus. Britan. et nostr.
Caput cinnabarinum, vertice puncto nigro, clypei margine late
nigro, apice subsinuato, Antenne nigre. Thorax cinna-
barinus, maculis numerosis nigris, magnitudine et numero
variantibus, seriebus quinque longitudinalibus dispositis, prae-
ter has macula singula utrinque prope angulum posteriorem.
Coleoptera plana, cinnabarina, crebre nigro-maculata, macu-
lis juxta suturam in serie dispositis. Pygidium atrum, stri-
gosum. Corpus subtus nigrum, nitidum, pectore fortiter
punctato, coxis posticis abdominisque segmentis lateribus
punctis minutis rubris. Processus sternalis valde dependens,
supra carinatus.
By its shape and markings this is allied to G. meleagris, Burm.,
but the colour is the same as in G. hieroglyphica. The hairs of
the tibiz are black, &c.
Mr. White has alluded to this species in Taylor’s Annals of
Natural History, vol. xx. p. 266.
Sp. 6. Gymnetis fada.
Cinereo-fusca, punctis nigris impressa, scutelli apice fulvo hir-
suto, elytris maculis tribus nigris, subtus nigro-villosa.
Long. 9—10 lin,
Habitat Venezuela. D. Dyson. Mus. Britan., Parrii, et nostr.
Caput cinereo-fuscum, punctis nigris impressis, clypeo qua-
drato, apice alte marginato, margine reflexo, parum sinuato.
Antenne nigre. Thorax cinereo-fuscus, medio magis ob-
scurus, signatura obsoleta nigra fere literam M efformante ;
disco sparsim punctatus, punctis lateribus multo crebrioribus
et aciculatis, setas nigras gerentibus. Scutellum minimum,
dense fulvo-hirsutum. Scapule grisea, punctis nigris im-
pressis. Elytra postice parum angustata, obsolete costata,
costa a medio basi ad callum apicalem decurrente, sutura
apice, in mare magis, acuminata, cinereo-fusca, punctis nigris
juxta suturam et in dimidio exteriore congestis, maculis
tribus nigris, prima in callo humerali, secunda fere media,
tertia in callo apicali, fere literam U efformante, lobo liter
68 Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetontide.
interiore longiore et coste supra descripte: partem posterio-
rem occupante. Pygidium dense nigro-strigosum et nigro-
setosum. Corpus subtus obscure griseum, dense nigro-stri-
gosum et nigro-setosum, pectore abdomineque mediis levi-
oribus, glabris. Processus sternalis ut in G. liturata for-
matus. Pedes grisei, tarsis nigris, nitidis, femoribus tibiisque
nigro-villosis, tibiis anticis in utroque sexu tridentatis, den-
.tibus superioribus in mare magis obtusis.
This species is allied in colour and markings to G. liturata, but
it is three times larger.
Sp. 7. Stethodesma hematopus, Parry, MS.
Atra, nitida, punctata, femoribus tibiisque sanguineis, sterno
lato, parallelo, apice subacuminato.
Long. 14 lin.
Habitat in Colombia. Mus. Parril.
Species eximia, femoribus tibiisque sanguineis a S. lobata dis-
tincta. Caput atrum, nitidum, punctatum, bifidum, laciniis
acutis. Thorax ater, nitidus, undique sparsim punctatus,
lobo posteriori fere levi. Scutellum minimum, acutum.
Coleoptera basi thoraceque latiora, elongata, postice suban-
gustata, atra, nitida, plana, undique punctis majoribus seri-
atim digestis obtecta. Pygidium transversim strigosum.
Corpus subtus atrum, rugoso-punctatum, medio lave, sterno
lato, plano, lateribus parallelis, parte metasternali coxas me-
dias multo superante, apice subacuminato. Femora tibiaeque
sanguinea, tarsi nigri. ‘Tibise antice in individuo feminino
tridentate.
Sp. 8. Macronota quadrivittata, Parry, MS.
Nigra, supra opaca, thoracis postice impressi vittis quatuor
flavis, elytris rubris margine nigro, flavo-maculato, pedibus
rubris.
Long. 7 lin.
Habitat in insula Ceylon. Mus. Parrii et Westw.
M. quadrilineate simillima, thorace postice excavato, scutello
majore, elytris postice angustioribus, aliter signatis distincta.
Caput fortiter punctatum, nigrum, subnitidum, vittis duabus
flavis, clypei apice subsinuato. Thorax lateribus a_ basi
usque ante medium rectis, antice subito angustatis, lobo pos-
teriore brevi, supra postice excavatus, niger, velutinus, vittis
Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide. 69
quatuor flavis rectis. Scutellum magnum impressum, basi
apiceque flavo-maculatum. Elytra postice valde angustata,
abdomen non omnino obtegentia; juxta suturam excavata,
pone humeros impressa, rubra velutina, margine interno et
externo nigris, interno juxta suturam longitudinaliter strio-
lato, externo punctato, maculis duabus lateralibus et lituris
suturalibus flavis, litura posteriori versus angulum exteriorem
hamata. Pygidium nigrum, macula magna media flava.
Corpus subtus ut in M. quadrilineata maculis et fasciis flavis.
Pedes rufi, femoribus basi nigris. ¢.
Sp. 9. Glycyphana(Gametis) Kupert, White, MS. (Tab. VIII. fig. 6.)
Viridis, thoracis margine punctisque duobus disci albidis, ely-
tris plaga magna mediana flava maculisque septem albidis.
Long. 5 lin.
Habitat in China. Mus, Britan. et nostr.
G. Bealie similis. Caput nigrum, dense punctulatum, vertice
summo viridi, flavo-villoso, clypeo antice bifido, lobis subre-
flexis. Antenne nigrz, clava extus brunnescente. Thorax
disco punctulatus, lateribus longitudinaliter strigosus, viridis,
opacus, limbo laterali tenui punctisque duobus disci albidis.
Scutellum viride, opacum, lave. Scapule virides, puncto
albido. Elytra postice subangustata, supra depressa seriato-
punctata, seriebus a basi incipientibus, interstitiis alternis
subconvexis, viridia, plaga magna mediana flavo-brunnea et
maculis septem albidis, prima anteriore punctiformi, tribus
lateralibus majoribus, duabus juxta suturam parvis, septima
apicali majori. Interdum puncta nonnulla alia inter maculas
laterales et juxta apicalem observantur. Pygidium viridi-
nigrum, maculis quatuor albidis. Corpus subtus cum pedibus
viridi-nigrum, flavo-villosum, abdomine medio glabro, sterno
brevi, apice lato, rotundato,
Sp. 10. Glycyphana (Gametis) plagiata, Horsfield, MS.
Atra, velutina, thoracis margine laterali punctisque duobus
disci albis, elytris plaga mediana flavo-brunnea, punctisque
quatuor albis, pygidio bimaculato.
Long. 5 lin.
Habitat in Java. Mus. Horsfieldii, Brit. et nostr.
G. Bealie iterum similis, Caput atrum subnitidum, creberrime
VOL. V. I
70 Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide.
punctatum, fere rugosum, clypeo elongato, apice medio ex-
ciso, lobis subreflexis. Antenne nigre. ‘Thorax ater, velu-
tinus, margine laterali tenui punctisque duobus disci albis,
supra scutellum sinuatus, angulis anticis acutis. Scutellum
atrum Jeve. Elytra postice parum angustata, apice rotun-
data, supra depressa, sutura postice subelevata supra fere
plana, atra plaga magna mediana marginem exteriorem sed
non suturam attingente flavo-brunnea, punctis quatuor pos-
ticis albis, duobus juxta suturam duobus juxta marginem
positis. Pygidium maculis duabus magnis irregularibus
albis. Subtus atra, nitida, femoribus fulvo-villosis, abdomine
utrinque punctis duobus albis. Sternum breve, planum,
apice late rotundatum.
Sp. 11. Glycyphana (Gametis) Behrii.
Subconvexa, atra, supra brunnea, thoracis vittis duabus infus-
catis, lateribus punctisque duobus disci albidis, elytrorum
vitta suturali margineque externo infuscato maculisque quin-
que albis.
Variat tota atra, thoracis lateribus punctisque duobus, elytro-
rum maculis quinque albis.
Long. 5 lin.
Habitat in Archipelago Indico. Mus. nostr.
Caput atrum, subnitidum, creberrime punctatum, fere rugo-
sum, clypeo elongato, antice exciso, laciniis subreflexis. An-
tenne atre. Thorax seu brunneus, vittis duabus latis infus-
catis, seu niger, velutinus, margine laterali tenui punctisque
duobus disci albidis. Scutellum seu brunneum, lateribus in-
fuscatum, seu nigrum, puncto apicali albido. Scapulz nigre,
puncto albido. Elytra postice parum angustata, apice rotun-
data, supra subconvexa, brunnea, margine externo vittaque
suturali infuscatis, in aliis omnino nigra, maculis quinque
albidis, tribus marginalibus duabus postice juxta suturam
positis. Pygidium atrum, maculis quatuor albidis. Subtus
atra, nitida, flavo-villosa medio glabra, pectore utrinque ma-
culis duabus parvis albis. Sternum breve, apice rotundatum.
Six specimens, of which two belong to the black variety, have
been taken by my friend Dr. Behr, in a little isle in the Road of
Bali, eastwards from Java.
Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide. 71
Sp. 12. Oxythyrea septicollis.
Atra, supra velutina, thoracis circulo marginali, pygidio, abdo-
mine tibiisque posticis luteis, elytris luteo-viridibus,
Long. 4 lin.
Habitat in Guinea, (Ashantee). Mus. Turneri et Mellii.
Caput nigrum, subnitidum, punctulatum, medio obsolete cari-
natum. Antenne nigre. Thorax margine postico supra
scutellum rotundato, basi multo latior quam apice, lateribus
rotundatis, ater, velutinus, margine laterali et postico luteo.
Scutellum parvum, luteo-viride. Coleoptera luteo-viridia, ad
latera et postice magis lutea, immaculata, ad basin subtiliter
seriato-punctulata, postice subtiliter striolata. Abdomen
totum cum pygidio luteo-rufum. Pedes nigri, tibiis posticis
rufis.
Sp. 13. Oxythyrea Helene. (Tab. VIII. fig. 7.)
Atra, nitida, antennis, thorace, pygidioque rufis, elytrorum vitta
laterali alba.
Long. 33 lin.
Habitat in Abyssinia. Mus. Britan. et nostr.
O. thoracice simillima, Caput atrum, crebre punctatum, clypeo
elongato, antice parumemarginato. Antenne rufe. Thorax
longitudine latior, supra scutellum vix sinuatus, punctulatus,
rufus, nitidus. Scutellum atrum, punctis paucis impressum.
Coleoptera basi thorace latiora, apicem versus valde angus-
tata, sutura postice elevata, apice producta, seriebus sex
punctorum semicircularium, seriebus per paria approximatis,
impressis tribus internis postice in strias geminatas excur-
rentibus, atra, nitida, vitta laterali neque humeros neque
angulum suturalem attingente candida. Corpus subtus atrum,
abdominis segmentis duobus ultimis pygidioque rufis.
Sp. 14. Tephrea morosa, Melly, MS,
Atra, crebre punctata, subtus nitida.
Long. 6 lin.
Habitat in Africa Australi Orientali. Mus. Mellii et Berol.
T. pulverulente simillima, supra tota atra, crebrius fortius
punctata. Clypeus creberrime punctatus, subnitidus, omnino
ut in pulverulenta formatus. Thorax lateribus et angulis
rotundatis, supra scutellum distincte sinuatus satis convexus,
12
a
72
Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide.
undique crebre punctatus. Scutellum punctis nonnullis im-
pressis. Scapulz fortiter punctate. Elytra subnitida, ar-
cubus semicircularibus seriatim dispositis impressis, postice
juxta suturam confluentibus, interstitiis punctis quibusdam
sparsis, apice et versus latera rugosa. Subtus atra, nitida,
pectoris lateribus strigosis, abdomine sparsim punctato.
Mr. Melly had formerly named this species 7’. atra ; but seeing
that this name was already several times employed amongst the
Cetonie, he has altered it to that of 7’. morosa.
Sp. 15. Cetonia (Protetia) Whitehousii, Parry, MS. (Tab. VIII.
fig. 3.)
Supra purpurea velutina, thoracis lateribus antice, scapulis,
elytrorumque maculis tribus marginalibus fulvis, subtus atra,
nitida, fulvo-maculata, pygidio purpureo fulvo-bimaculato,
sterno antice parum rotundato.
Long. 10 lin.
Habitat in Insula Ceylon. Mus, Parrii.
Species pulchra, C. regali et ferruginee statura similis. Caput
cupreum, punctatum, clypeo antice parum emarginato, vertice
velutino. ‘Thorax supra purpureus, velutinus, levis, laterum
dimidio anteriore fulvo, subtus maculis magnis, lateralibus
piliferis fulvis. Scapulee macula magna fulva. Scutellum
elongatum, purpureum, leve. Elytra postice parum angus-
tata, suturee apice brevi; plana, purpurea, velutina, maculis
tribus marginalibus fulvis, prima ante, secunda paulo majore
pone medium, tertia apice juxta suturam posita. Pygidium
purpureum, maculis duabus fulvis. Subtus atra, nitida, pec-
toris maculis magnis flavis. Abdominis segmenta punctis
lateralibus, tertium et quartum utrinque maculis magnis
fulvis. Pedes nigri, femoribus tibiisque fulvo-pilosis. Ster-
num paulo magis quam in C. ferrugineo porrectum, apice
parum rotundatum.
Sp. 16. Cetonia (Pachnoda) crassa.
Atra, supra velutina, capitis macula triangulari, thoracisque
margine antico et laterali flavis, pygidii puncto apicali rufo,
sternl apice testaceo.
Long. 9 lin.
Habitat in Abyssinia. Mus. nostr.
Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide. 73
Caput atrum, punctatissimum, macula triangulari ut in P. ornata
flava. Thorax ater, velutinus, margine antico tenui, laterali
lato flavis, hoc punctum nigrum includente; praterea in
specimine meo linea tenuissima longitudinalis flava, que
basin non attingit, observatur, que verisimiliter in aliis
omnino deest. Scutellum atrum, leve. Coleoptera postice
subangustata atra, velutina, punctis quibusdam apicalibus
inconstantibus rufis. Pygidium atrum, nitidum, puncto api-
eali rufo. Subtus atra, nitida, abdomine utrinque punctis
quinque marginalibus albis, segmento ultimo apice trans-
versim testaceo-maculatum. Sternum breve, latum apice
testaceum. Coxz postice testaceo-maculate. Femora an-
teriora subtus testacea, dense flavo-villosa, genua omnia
alba.
Of this species I have seen one specimen only. I think the
extent of the markings may vary in others. It is in its shape
allied to Cetonia olivacea, but it is much stouter. C. limbata,
Fabr., of which I have seen the original specimen in Mr. Wester-
mann’s collection in Copenhagen, is, if I well recollect, more
elongated, has no yellow triangular spot on the head, and no black
spot on the yellow margin of the thorax, &c.
Sp. 17. Schizorrhina (Diaphonia) palmata. (Tab. VIII. fig. 4.)
Nigra, fortiter punctata, elytrorum parte majore pygidioque
testaceis, tibiis posticis incurvis, tarsis maris omnibus com-
pressis, anticis palmatis.
Long. 14 lin.
Habitat Adelaide, in Nova Hollandia. Mus. 'Thoreyi.
Caput nigrum, crebre punctatum, griseo-pilosum, clypeo elon-
gato, lateribus parallelis, angulis anticis rotundatis apice paulo
emarginato, Antennarum clava in mare clypei longitudine,
brunnea. ‘Thorax niger, breviter pilosus, crebre punctatus,
linea media levi. Scutellum atrum subviolaceo-micans, la-
teribus punctis aliquot impressis. Elytra capite thoraceque
dimidio longiora parce fortiter punctata, obsolete bicostata,
lateribus transversim rugosa, parte basali atra subviolaceo-
micanti, parte posteriore testacea irregulariter atro-maculata.
Pygidium testaceum, nitidum, Corpus subtus atrum, griseo-
villosum. Sternum porrectum latum, apice subangulatum.
Tibiz compress, anticae maris oblique truncate, postice
74 Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide.
incurve. Tarsi lati antici palmati, posteriores compressi,
unguibus minutis ¢.
The structure of the tarsi of the male might justify the esta-
blishment of a peculiar subgenus for this extraordinary insect.
As it agrees however in its principal characters with Diaphonia,
I have not thought it convenient to separate it. The hinder tibize
of the male are curved, and the clava of the antenne as large as
the clypeus, like in the D. euecnemis, Burm., while the shape
of the sternum and of the pygidium is more like in D. dorsalis,
Donov.
Sp. 18. Schizorrhina (Diaphonia) rugosa. (Tab. XI. fig. 6.)
Crassa, supra nigra, fortiter punctata, clypeo toto, thoracisque
lateribus late testaceis, elytris brevibus, bicostatis, lateribus
densissime rugulosis, subtus testacea, pilosa, tarsis nigris.
Long. 7 lin.
Habitat in Nova Hollandia. Mus. Britan., Parrii et nostr.
Corpore brevi crasso contracto, abdomine juxta elytra libero,
a reliquis hujus generis speciebus valde distincta. Caput
nigrum, nitidum, fortiter punctatum, clypeo brevi rotundato,
marginato antice subsinuato, hoc et macula annexa frontali
triangulari testaceis. Antenne nigra, clava clypeo longi-
tudine. ‘Thorax brevis, a basi ad apicem angustatus, lateri-
bus parum rotundatis, fortiter crebre punctatus, linea media
longitudinali leviori, niger, subnitidus, lateribus late testaceis.
Scutellum basi punctis paucis impressis. Elytra thorace vix
dimidio longiora, postice angustata et rotundata, abdomen
non omnino obtegentia, supra disco costis duabus elevatis,
exteriore magis obsoleta juxta suturam fortiter crebre punc-
tata, extrorsum a costa interiore densissime rugulosa, fere
scabra; costa tertia obsoleta juxta marginem exteriorem ob-
servatur. Pygidium valde inflexum, testaceum. Corpus
subtus testaceum, pilosum, abdominis segmentorum margi-
nibus nigris. Pedes breves testacei, villosi, femoribus anticis
supra, tibiis extus tarsisque totis nigris, his glabris. Tibiz
anticee fortiter bidentate ¢.
This species forms a peculiar division of the subgenus Dia-
phonia. ‘The five specimens, which I have seen of it, were all
males.
Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide. 75
Sp. 19. Ischnostoma nasula, Boheman, MS. (Tab. VIII. fig. 5.)
Atra, pilosa, elytris obscure testaceis.
Long. 6 lin.
Habitat ad portum Natal, Dr. Wahlberg. Mus. nostr.
Caput nigrum, profunde et remote rugoso-punctatum, pone
antennarum insertionem utrinque attenuatum; clypeo pro-
ducto; lateribus marginato, medio longitudinaliter obtuse
elevato, parte basali subquadrata basi sensim angustata, apice
profunde emarginata angulis anticis acutis sublunatis, parte
apicali e media parte basali producta, fere ancoriformi, seu
apice utrinque dilatata, acuta, antice distincte emarginata.
Antennarum clava maxima clypei longitudine. Thorax semi-
eircularis, ater, fulvo-pilosus, undique crebre punctulatus.
Scutellum punctulatum, fulvo-pilosum. Elytra obscure tes-
tacea, sutura margimeque exteriore nigris, parce breviter
nigro-setosa, costis duabus obsoletis, undique punctulata.
Pygidium atrum inflexum, glabrum. Corpus subtus cum
pedibus atrum. ‘Tibi antice tridentata, dentibus duobus
inferioribus magnis distantibus, superiore obsoleta ¢.
I know only the male of this interesting species, which has been
given to me by Professor Boheman.
Sp. 20. Platygenia exarata, Melly, MS.
Picea, clypei apice emarginato, angulis reflexis acutis, elytris
obsolete tricostatis, interstitiis latis, opacis, rugulosis, tarsis
elongatis.
Habitat in Africa Occidentali. Mus. Mellii.
Caput nigro-piceum, undique crebre punctulatum, longitudine
non latius, apice emarginatum, elypei angulis anticis reflexis
acutis. Thorax longitudine dimidio latior, lateribus medio
dilatatus, angulis posticis rectis, acutis, niger, piceus, undique
creberrime punctulatus. Scutellum basi punctis nonnullis
impressis. Coleoptera thoracis medio latiora, thorace duplo
longiora humeris et apice rotundata, supra subdepressa,
sutura costisque in singulo tribus obsoletis, nitidis, inter-
stitiis latis, rugulosis, opacis. Pygidium ante medium obso-
lete elevatum, ante apicem transversim impressum, apice sub-
acuminato, subtus triangulariter impressum, Subtus piceum,
76 Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide.
abdomine undique creberrime punctatum, pectore medio fovea
Jongitudinali creberrime punctata. Abdominis segmentum
ultimum apice truncatum. Pedes elongati, tibize posteriores
parce setose ; tarsi tibiis non breviores, articulis elongatis, un-
guiculis acutis simplicibus ¢.
This very remarkable insect is unique in Mr. Melly’s collec-
tion. The specimen was found under the fifth degree of northern
latitude in Western Africa. The species recedes from the type
of the genus in some important characters. The head is scarcely
broader than long; the clypeus is bidentated; the thorax much
narrower; the legs much more elongated, chiefly the tarsi, the
joints of which are more slender, the claws longer and sharper.
The shape of the pygidium, and the posterior tibize having only a
few hairs, prove that the specimen is a male, though it has on the
middle of the pectus an impression, which is, however, not so deep
as in the male of P. barbata.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE.
Plate VIII. fig. 2. Gymnetis pecila, Schaum.
3. Gymnetis Wollastonii, Schaum.
4. Schizorrhina palmata, Schaum.
5. Head of Ischnostoma nasuta, Schaum.
6. Glycyphana Kuperi, White.
7. Oxythyrea Helene, Schaum.
Mr, W. F. Evans’s Monograph of Chrysopa. Va
XXI. Monograph of the British Species of the Genus
Chrysopa. By W. F. Evans, Esq.
[Read 6th September, 1847. ]
Tue following table has been drawn up after a careful examination
of those possessed by J. F. Stephens, Esq., the greater portion of
which he kindly lent me to draw the accompanying figures from,
which I have thought would aid in the discrimination of the
several species.
But little attention has been paid to the early states of these
insects. ‘The larvee of C. perla and C. reticulata, it would appear,
cover themselves with the skins of their prey, the Aphides, on
which they all feed most voraciously. (See Stephens’ Mand,
vol. vi.; Westwood’s Mod. Class. Ins. vol. i1., and Kirby and
Spence’s Introd.; and Reaumur, vol. iii.) Five different cocoons
and larve can readily be distinguished on reference to the plates.
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
Pl. IX. fig. 1. Chrysopa alba. Pl. IX. fig. 5. Chrysopa subfulcata.
Dy i affinis. 6. 5 carnea.
3. FP angustipennis. to = abbreviata.
4. fp perla.
Larva of C. perla, from Albin, pl. 64 (under fig. 2).
ditto from a living specimen.
Cocoon of C. alba? from Reaumur, vol. iii. pl. 33, fig. 2 (under fig. 2).
Cocoon of Drepanepteryx Phalenoides, see Reaumur, vol. ii. pl. 32, fig. 8,
and his description.
Pl. X. fig. 1. Chrysopa fulviceps. Pl. X. fig. 4. Chrysopa maculata.
2s 35 capitata. 3. +3 immaculata.
3. — reticulata. 6. 3 ventralis.
Portion of maxillary palpi, from Wesmael, Hémérobides de Belgique.
Tarsi—claws—antenne—a portion of a wing.
Eggs, from Reaumur.
Larva of C. alba, from a living specimen (in the centre), see Reaumur's figures,
&c. with which this agrees.
Cocoon of C. perla, from Albin, pl. 64 (in the centre), see Lister on Godart,
fig. No. 104, and Ratzeburg Die Forst Insecten, tab. 16, with which this agrees.
Larva of Drepanepteryx, from Reaumur, (upper figure under No. 6).
Larva of an unknown species, from Reaumur, (under the above).
Two cocoons, from Reaumur.
Larva (7 of C. reticulata or alba), from Reaumur, covered.
78
SyNnonyMEs,
C.perla, Pl. IX, fig. 4.|pectinicornis, B
C.affinis, PI.1X.fig.2.
Co Stal liga JAG ID ep agoneo saooS
fig. 5.
C.alba, Pl. 1X. fig. 1.}vittata, Wesm..
albus, Oliv.
ae aliZe
flavus, Scop.
‘ oes.
ye eschart.
Grraneustipennis, P).)\......05 3% 5's
IX. fig. 3.
(7 var. of alba.)
C. abbreviata, P]. 1X.|........ AD
fig. 7.
Crummaculatas bly Nelle ac «0c es
fig. 5.
(7 var. of abbreviata.)
C. reticulata, Pl. X.|chrysops, Oliv..
fig. 3. . Petag.
ss Latre
B Illig.
. Schra.
A Fab.
viridis, Retz.
C.capitata, Fab. P1.X.|capitatus, Fab..
fig. 2.
C.maculata,Stephens,|.........+..-
Pl. X, fig. 4.
C. ventralis, Curtis,
Pl. X. fig. 6. cancellata, Wes
C. fulviceps, Stephens,
Pl. X. fig. 1.
C. carnea, PI. 1X. fig.6.
ee ee soe oeccees
punctifrons, Steph. |Curt. Brit. Ent.
fulvocephala, Sam, |Steph. Mand. 6, pl. 30, 2...
Mr. W. F. Evans’s Monograph of Chrysopa.
BrpiioGraPHicaL BESeN
Rererences To Ficures. |°* WiNes| Wines,
* |rn Lines.
esk.|Don. 8, pl. 277, fig. 2 ; Bar-|14 to 23 .|Green ......
but, Gen. 220, pl. 22;
Shaw, G. 3, b. 258, pl. 83 ;
Reaum. 3, pl. 32; Westw.
Mod. Class. 2, 46; Albin.
pl.64; Lister on God. p.93,
No. 104; Ent. Mag. 4,
176; Ratz. die Forst Ins.
pl. 14,8; Petag. Ins. Cal.
336, 1, p. x. 17; Roesel,
3, 128, 30, fol. 21,5; God.
2,40, pl.7,fig.14; Westw.
Ent. Text Book, pl. 3.
A aellacinonabacc noooDouroC -.-./12 to 14 .|Pale green ..
aifo ||(siszo¥el ollepsialefelielotaaielsveiagelatieteters 14 to 16 .|Pale green ..
...|Panz. F. 87, f. 14; Ratz. pl./10 to 12 .| Delicate white,
14,f.6? Reaum. 3, tab. 33, with yellow-
foe ish green iri-
descence.
gon|lono0 00 site viv sieieleisisie wee el 2 to) lois|(Delicateswiites
with yellow-
ish green.
.--|Curt. Brit. Ent. pl. 520 ....|9 tol0..|Green ......
spalbomroobodatobaposod ebook 9 to 12 ..|Pale green, iri-
descent.
-|Wood, 2, 29, pl.49; Panz. F.}10 to 14 .|Bluish green .
87,f.13; De Geer, 2, 708,
pl. 22, 1,2; Schaeff. Icon.
pl. 5, 7,85; Ins. Transf. p.
45; Samouelle’s Ent. Cab.
No. 2, f. 1.
...|Cuv. An. Kingd....-..+.- 10 to16 .|Hyaline, very
iridescent.
Aon|loo goddde ste leleleleiietetc tains ---(10 to 11 .|Pale green, ru-
fescent ner-
vures.
SoudddcoGs 14 to 16 .|Pale yellowish.
m.
16to19 .|Rufescent...
11 to 12 .|Rufescent,rosy,
iridescent.
ecuolecrececereeroeneeer ee ee eens
Mr. W. F. Evans’s Monograph of Chrysopa.
Greenish ..|Greenish ....
[Pale..... Pale
Ee aleysrtereve sil ale’s i ss
Pallet erie aleis os ses
ANTENNE,
Pale green,/Ochreous....
tarsi red-
dish.
Pale green,|Reddish.....
tarsi red-
dish.
‘Green, tarsi)Reddish.....
reddish.
‘Pale esos esl black
|
Pale’. ss os Reddish...
Pale ss vcs Pale’. «
Pal@leretese:s Palen.
Balers ales...
.»+»|Blue..|Head rosy, wings short and|June
Eyes. |Particutar Cuaracrers.| WHEN FOUND.
79
WHERE FOUND.
_———}q—j]| | qj | | qe
Golden|Stigma darker .......... May, June ..|London, Kent, &c.
BrasSsy.|.0..esss0- eieretorseiteene i) i UULC ster steleteiet= London, Kent, &c.
Brassy.|Base of segments of body|June......../London, &c.
brownish.
(Goldenierte cre snietavereetes oo-+eeeee(JUNe.+..--~-| London, Kent, Lan-
green. cashire, &e.
Golden|Two brown lines on thorax./June........{|London.
Blue..|Wings short and rounded,|June,July,Au-|Dover, Devon,
black dot on basal joints} gust. Wales, Berk-
of antenne and on the shire, &c.
head, and two streaks on
the thorax.
Green. | Wings short and rounded. |June.......-|London.
Golden|Nervures of wings black,|June........ London, Darenth,
black line on the head &e.
and marks on the thorax.
(GEN |logpoccondee soc sd0sn066e June...... --|Hertford, Ripley,
&e.
Dark..|Wings rounded and short,/June....---- Darenth.
head with spots on it be-
fore and behind the eyes,
and marks on thorax.
Black dot between the an-|June....
tennz, and two on thorax.
Pale
green.
Darenth, &c.
Black. |Head bright fulvous, stigma|June, July...|Darenth, New Fo-
elongated.
rounded, stigma rosy.
rest.
London, &e.
80 Mr. F. J. S. Parry’s Description and Notes
XXII. Description and Notes upon some new and rare
Coleoptera. By F.J.S. Parry, F.L.S., with a Plate.
[Read 3rd January, 1848.]
Havine lately received a small collection of Coleoptera from the
island of Ceylon, (for the which I am indebted to my friend C.
Whitehouse, Esq., a resident in that beautiful island, ) containing
several species new to our collections, 1 have been tempted to
select for description and illustration several novelties, especially
belonging to the family of Cetonitde, to which are added other
rare species previously described but not illustrated, and as such
they will, I trust, prove interesting to those members of the Society
more especially devoted to the study of foreign Coleoptera.
Sp. 1. Cicindela (Calochroa) Assamensis, Parry. (Plate XI. fig. 1.)
The above insect I described, from my own collection, in vol. iv.
p- 84 of the Society’s Transactions; it has somewhat the appear-
ance of the following new species I am about to describe; it is
now figured for the first time.
Sp. 2. Cicindela (Calochroa) Shwah, n. sp., Parry. (Plate XI.
fig. 2.)
Cicindela elongata, atro-picea, zenea; mandibulis latere externo
supra flavis; thorace subquadrato, punctato rugoso, sulcis
duobus transversis; elytris punctatis, maculis tribus flavis,
macula humerali distincta fascidque media sinuata, ad suturam
vergenti apicali lunata flava ; corpus infra tibiis et tarsis con-
coloribus.
Long. corp. lin. 10, lat. corp. lin, 3,
This species bears a strong resemblance to Czczndela Princeps,
described by Mr. Vigors in the Zoological Journal, p. 413, pl. 15,
and now to be seen in the collection of the Zoological Society.
Through the kindness of Mr. Mitchell I have been enabled to
compare the two insects; Calochroa Princeps is of a much shorter
and more rotundate form, having the apex of the elytra not nearly
so much truncated, and a considerable difference in the form of
the yellow spots, vide Pl. XI. fig. 2A. Fig. 2B represents the
elytron of the species above described.
upon some new and rare Coleoptera. 81
Sp. 3. Protetia Whitehousii, Schaum. n. sp. (Ceylon).
(PIE XI; fig: 3.)
Sp. 4. Macronota quadrivittata, Schaum, n. sp. (Ceylon).
(Pl. XI. fig. 4.)
The above are two new species from Ceylon, lately described
from my collection by Dr. Schaum, in a paper read before the
Society. Fig. 3 and 4 are figures of the original types, received
by me from Ceylon.
Sp. 5. Clinteria incerta, Parry (an var. Imperialis, Schonh).
(Pl. XI. fig. 5.)
Nigra, pronoto maculis duabus, elytris utrinque duabus
pallidis.
Long. corp. lin. 93, lat. corp. lin. 5.
The above is the exact description, with the exception of “ elytris
utrinque tribus fulvis” of Dr. Burmeister’s Clinteria imperialis.
The absence of the third spot on the shoulder of the elytra in
this species, as well as its larger size, with the sternum more pro-
longed and the colour of the spots somewhat paler, forms the only
difference between the two species; it may, however, prove to be
only a variety, until other specimens are received to elear up the
point; I have called it zcerta, the accompanying figure at any
rate will prove acceptable.
I must not omit to mention that Mr. Hope has described in the
Transactions of the Zoological Society, under the name of Ma-
cronota tetraspilota, and lately refigured in the last number of our
own Transactions as Clinteria tetraspilota, an insect very much
resembling the above; but Mr. Westwood, having seen both
specimens, informs me they are quite distinct, differing consider-
ably as to the mesosternal process.
Sp. 6. Diaphonia rugosa, Schaum, (N. Holland.) (Pl. XI. fig. 6.)
This new and interesting species Dr. Schaum has lately de-
scribed from my collection, The British Museum also pos
sesses it,
82 Mr. F. J. S. Parry’s Description and Notes
Sp. 7. Pygora lenocinia, Dupont (Madagascar). (PI. XI. fig. 8.)
For description of, vide Dr. Burmeister’s Handbuch der Ento-
mologie and Silberman’s Revue Entomologique.
I have been tempted by the extreme beauty and rarity of this
insect to introduce it here, accompanied by a figure, which I
believe has not hitherto been published, and certainly its interest-
ing form and splendid attire fully entitle it to your notice. Dr.
Burmeister in his work mentions four species of the same group,
all from Madagascar and very scarce.
Sp. 8. Clinteria pantherina, Parry, n. sp. (Pl. XI. fig. 9.)
C. purpureo-cuprea, supra opaca, pronoti punctis sex triangulo
positis ; elytrorum plurimis sparsis ; abdomine subtus nitido,
seriebus duabus macularum, pygidio rufescenti maculato.
Habitat Ceylon.
This species is allied to C. Merens of Gory, &c., but is suf-
ficiently distinct, according to Dr. Burmeister’s description of it,
to form a new species.
Genus STIGMODERA.
Sub-Genus nov. Metaxymorpna, Parry (eraév, between,
peopdn, form).
Sp. 9. Metaxymorpha Grayi, n. sp. Parry (N. Holland).
(PI SE itig27,)
Atro-violacea, cyanea; thorace punctato, valde convexo, haud
suleato, postice punctis duobus profundis ; elytris concolori-
bus, striis duodecim rugoso-punctatis, lateribus externis
rubro sanguineo late limbatis apicem 3-dentatis; prosterno
magno protenso et conico ; antennis pedibusque cyaneis zneis,
scutello magno rotundato.
Long. corp. lin. 15, lat. corp. lin. 6.
I am unacquainted with the exact locality of this new and
interesting addition to our Australian Fauna. It was lately re-
ceived by me in a small collection from that country, in which
were also specimens of that splendid insect Calodema Kirbii, so
that probably it is to be found in the same locality.
Not only is this new species remarkable for its form and colour,
but is especially interesting as forming an important connecting
link between the other Australian species of Stizgmodera and the
upon some new and rare Coleoptera. 83
South American division of the same group, formed into a sepa-
rate family by Eschscholz, under the name of Conognatha.
The only two species of New Holland Stagmodera I am ac-
quainted with, bearing any resemblance to it as to form and cha-
racter, are Stigmodera Jaquinoti of Gory, and Calodema Kirbu of
Hope. It partakes of the somewhat attenuated and rather convex
form, with strongly spinose apex of the former, but differs in
having the thorax more convex, with the sternum prolonged in a
most remarkable manner (vide fig. 7a); the apex of each elytron
is also of a different form, having three spines (vide fig. 7) in-
stead of two (vide fig. 7c).
It agrees with Calodema only in having the prosternum pro-
longed (but in a more conical form, vide fig. 7d), and spinose apex
of elytra, but having, as I have before mentioned, three spines
instead of two (vide fig. 7e). And here let me mention that the
only New Holland species of Stigmodera with which I am ac-
quainted possessing the lengthened prosternum are the present
new species and Calodema Kirbii, whereas the South American
division Conognatha possesses it with one or two exceptions in a
remarkable manner; with regard however to the six distinct
spines at the apex it stands alone, and as such forms a peculiar
feature in this new sub-division.
Upon the whole it certainly bears a greater affinity to the South
American division ; but differing as it does in several respects, and
coming from another country, I have thought it expedient to make
it the type of a new sub-division, under the name of Metaxymorpha,
derived from the Greek perafv, between (to express intermediate
or connection), and jody, a form: and have much pleasure in
naming this néw insect after my friend J. E. Gray, Esq., F.R.S.,
of the British Museum, for whose kindness and attention on my
frequent visits there I feel greatly indebted.
Sp. 10. Tvrictenotoma Templetonii, 8 Westwood, ? Parry.
Nigrum, supra luteo-albidoque pubescens; mandibulis trans-
verse rugosis; antennis pedibusque maculis duabus elevatis
politis pronoti nigris, lateribus angulatis pronoti nigris. ¢.
Long 23 inches.
Habitat Ceylon.
The male of this new species of T’rictenotoma was lately de-
scribed by Mr. Westwood in his publication on Oriental Ento-
mology, (vide pl. 23 of that work,) it having been sent to him
from the island of Ceylon by R. Templeton, Esq., in whose
84 Mr. F. J. 8. Parry’s Description, §c.
honour it was named. I have now the pleasure of submitting to
your notice the ? of the above species for the first time; it was
received lately by me from Ceylon in the collection already
spoken of.
With the exception of being altogether wider in form, and the
material difference as to the shape of the mandibles, which are
much shorter, resembling those of Trictenotoma Childrenii, there
is nothing particular to distinguish it from the ¢.
It differs from the ¢ of Childreniz in having, as stated, trans-
verse rugose mandibules, longer antenne, a black stripe down the
thorax, and the last segment of the abdomen much shorter, not
carinated, and less notched at the tip; the mesosternal process is
also materially different.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE.
Pl. XI. fig. 1. Cicindela (Calochroa) Assamensis, Parry.
2. Cicindela (Calochroa) Shivah, Parry.
8. Protetia Whitehousii, Schaum.
4, Macronota quadrivittata, Schaum.
5. Clinteria incerta, Parry.
6. Diaphonia rugosa, Schaum.
7. Metaxymorpha Grayii, Parry.
8. Pygora lenocinia, Dupont.
9. Clinteria pantherina, Parry.
Extract of a Letter from Capt. T. Hutton. 85
XXIII. Extract of a Letter from Capt. Taomas Horton,
H. E. I. C., to J. O. Westwoop, Esq.
[Read November Ist, 1847.]
Mussooree, Himalaya Mountains.
28th July, 1847.
My dear Sir,
I wave long contemplated writing to you, and now that
the last mail has brought me the intelligence that you have been
kind enough to honour me by naming the new Bombyx after me,
I cannot allow the post to go out without expressing to you my
best thanks for your attention and remembrance of me.
I have nearly made up my mind to make a run home for one
year, and in that case shall bring the few insects I have by me,
and trust there may be some more novelties worthy of your at-
tention. In the mean time I must tell you that I have again this
year reared specimens of Actias Selene, and observed attentively
the method by which it cuts its way through the cocoon; and
there can be no doubt of the correctness of my former obser-
vations in regard to the wing spur, from which I derived the
name “ Plectropteron,’ a name which I think, from the novelty
of the circumstance, may still hold good, and the species would
therefore stand as P. Selene, my P. Diane sinking into a syno-
nyme; itis, as I formeriy observed, most probable that Aetias
luna possesses the same spur ; and the new species lately sketched
in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, under the name
of 4. Menas, most probably possesses it likewise, in which case
there would be three species so armed, and forming a good genus
characterised as Actias, with the addition of the wing spur; and
at all events the characters of 4ctias must be remodelled, before
A, Selene can find a place in it.
The habitat of 4. Meenas is very confusedly given in the
Magazine of Natural History, it being stated the species is from
Sylhet, and yet that it is from “ Northern India.” Sylhet is to
the eastward, not northward.
Let me now call your attention more particularly to the instru-
ment which I have named ‘“ the wing spur ;” that instrument is
not the part you thought I alluded to in my notice of the insect,
but is totally distinct from it, and projects from the joit of the
ning. The part you alluded to, viz. the tippet, (tegula or ptery-
VOL. V. I,
86 Extract of a Letter from Capt. T. Hutton.
goid), I have detached, and placed separately a spur and a wing
in the inclosed paper. And you will still see, on the shoulder
joint of the wing, a strong, hard, black spur, with a sharp point
and cutting edge. The point of this instrument is thrust through
the cocoon, and the cutting edge drawn across the fibres, until
severed sufficiently to enable the moth to come forth. Place the
wing horizontally before your eye, and look from the anterior
edge along the apex, and the spur will be visible.
Of the “ Bombyx Huttoni,” I will bring home specimens of the
perfect insect, and also their eggs, in order that you may see the
caterpillars. Cocoons and samples of the silk wound off also.
I hope the Actias may be worthy of notice in your new work,
which I have not yet had an opportunity of seeing ; and that you
will give dissections of the wing, in order to show the spur. If
I can get some autumn cocoons I will bring them or send them,
in order that you may see the process, and seeing believe !
Cheirotonus Mc Leayii is not a rare insect, although a very local
one. Several occur in private collections here, but I cannot get
them. I have one male slightly injured in the elytra, and a dimi-
nutive male. It is a sap feeder, and may be seen in company
with crowds of stag beetles, sucking up the juice as it flows from
wounds in the trees. They breed in decaying oak trees (quercus
incana). I sent you a notice of some butterflies long since, which
I hope you received.
Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions of new Mydaside. 87
XXIV. Descriptions of some new Species of Mydaside,
from Western Australia, by J. O. Wesrwoop, F.L.S.
[Read December 6th, 1847. ]
Tne species of the family Mydaside described in the works of
continental authors are natives of America, the south of Europe,
and the east and south of Africa, only one species, M. ruficornis,
having been described by Wiedemann as a native of ‘Tranquebar.
In the synopsis of this family which I published in 1841, in the
first volume of my “ Arcana Entomologica,” I described several
species from New Holland, namely, M. auripennis, M. viduatus, M.
stenogaster, and M. bicolor, Cephalocera maculipennis, and the three
supposed species of Apiocera. It is an interesting peculiarity in
Entomo-geography to find this singular group of insects, whose
metropolis is evidently South America, appearing in New Hol-
land, where, however, it appears to be very rare.
Since the publication of the above-mentioned synopsis, I have
become acquainted with several additional Australian species of
this group, of which I now beg to offer the descriptions to the
Entomological Society.
Mydas melleipennis, Westw. (Plate XIII. fig. 1.)
Mydas niger, marginibus thoracis cum scutello pedibusque
fulvis, femoribus posticis clavatis; alis fulvis, venis rufo-
fulvis ; antennis elongatis nigris, articulo basali subrufo ; ab-
domine elongato gracili, nigro, nitido, segmentis basalibus
utrinque flavo-maculatis. ¢.
Expansio alarum 13 unc.
Habitat in Australia occidentali. Comm. Ince.
This is a very distinct species; the head is transverse, and
clothed, especially in front, with luteous hairs; the eyes black ;
the hypostoma prominent and fulvous; the haustellum nearly as
long as the depth of the head; antennz black, moderately long,
last joint broad, basal joint varied beneath and near the extremity
with red; the thorax black, the callosities at the anterior angles
as well as the sides, scutellum and postscutellum dark fulvous ;
on each side before the insertion of the halteres is a short thick
spine; the abdomen is long, narrow, and cylindrical in the female;
the basal segment is transverse, glossy, and pitchy-coloured; the
second joint is obconic, truncate, glossy, black, with a large yellow
tee
88 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions
spot on each side; the third joint is slightly constricted at the
base ; it is marked, as well as the fourth joint, with a yellow spot
on each side, diminishing in size; the three following joints are
black, glossy, and cylindric, and the last joint is ob-conical, ter-
minated by an appendage, which is shortly spinose on each side.
The legs are fulvous ; the hind femora clavate, and finely spined.
The wings are fulvescent, with dark fulvous veins. ‘The arrange-
ment of the veins offer several peculiarities, which exist also in
the following species, but not in other insects of the genus. ‘The
body beneath is black; the second abdominal ventral segment
with a fulvous fascia, and the third with two fulvous spots.
Fig. 1. The insect slightly magnified; 1a, the head and base of the an-
tenna seen sideways ; 1 &, the proboscis and its palpi more highly
magnified.
Mydas bispinifer, Westw. (Plate XIII. fig. 2.)
Mydas niger, thoracis lateribus cum scutello rufo-fulvis; ab-
domine maris elongato angusto clavato, articulis basalibus
utrinque flavo-maculatis ; alis versus costam fusco-tinctis,
venis nigris ; pedibus pallide flavis; femoribus posticis cla-
vatis. gf 9
Expansio alarum 10—13 lin.
Habitat in Australia occidentali.
In Mus. Ince et Saunders.
The male of this species has somewhat the appearance of a
large elongated Conops. It agrees with the preceding species in
the peculiar arrangement of the veins of the wings, and in the
radiated appendage at the extremity of the body of the female.
The head is black, clothed in front with slight grey pubescence,
the nasus rather produced and obliquely truncate. The mouth
of one of the specimens examined presented the two slender
filiform setose palpi, and the slender horny seta at the base, as
represented in fig. 2a ** and +; the proboscis itself was porrected
and as long as the head. The antenne are black, about three
times as long as the head, with the last joint flattened and pear-
shaped. The thorax is black, with the sides and two tubercles
at the anterior angles obscure red; the scutellum is of the same
colour, the hind part of the thorax being black. ‘The sides of
the mesothorax, before the halteres, are produced into two short
black porrected spines. The abdomen is long, and much narrowed
in its basal half; it is black, with the four anterior segments
marked on each side with a pale yellow spot; the terminal ventral
of some new Species of Mydaside. 89
segment is armed with two horny lobes (fig. 2b **), and with
two curved hairy filaments (2b ++). The legs are pale yellow,
with the middle of all the femora and the apical half of the
posterior tibiz black. The hind femora are clavate and serrated
beneath. The wings are very slightly tinged with brown, having
the costa and the space along the two chief veins rather more
clouded with brown. The fourth longitudinal vein, which is fur-
cate towards the extremity of the wing, is suddenly deflexed at a
little distance in front of the furcation, crossing the next vein at
right angles, being connected with the anterior branch of the basal
cell (which branch, in the majority of the species of the genus,
extends beyond the spot where the fourth longitudinal vein is con-
nected with the fifth). The halteres are white.
The female of this species differs from the male in having the
abdomen long and narrow, but not narrowed at the base, being
of nearly equal width throughout; and the joints being rather
widened beyond the middle. The terminal segment is black, the
second and third with a large fulvous yellow spot on each side,
and the three succeeding segments with a broad fulvous yellow
fascia.
The last segment is terminated by a rounded appendage, each
side of which is armed with six short blunt spines. (Fig. 2c, 2d.)
The wings (or rather wing, as the only specimen of this sex which
I have seen possesses only one wing) differs from the male in
having the cell formed by the fourth longitudinal vein of the wing
closed and appendiculated at the tip. (Fig. 2e.)
Fig. 2. The male insect magnified; 2a, the head seen sideways; 26, the
extremity of the male abdomen from beneath ; 2c, the extremity of
the female abdomen, seen from above; 2 d, the same, seen from
beneath ; 2e, portion of the veins of the wing of the female.
Mydas sordidus, Westw. (Plate XIII. fig. 3.)
Mydas opacus, niger; antennis brevioribus, apicibus rufis ; seg-
mentis abdominis basi utrinque macula parva triangulari
lutea; pedibus piceo-rufis ; femoribus posticis obscuris ; alis
limpidis, venis nigris. 9
Expansio alarum fere 1? unc.
Habitat prope Adelaidam, Australie occidentalis. D. Fortnum.
In Mus. Hope.
The head is black, with the nasus obscure fulvous, rounded,
rather prominent and obliquely truncate above the mouth; the
face is clothed with grey hairs. The antenne are shorter than in
90 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions
many of the species, and slender, with the last joint pear-shaped
and red, the base being black. The proboscis is short. (Fig. 3a.)
The thorax is obscure black. The abdomen is of equal length
and continuous with the thorax, tapering beyond the middle; it is
obscure black, slightly glossy, especially at the extremity of the
segments. The second and three following segments are marked
on each side at the base with a triangular obscure fulvous spot ;
the two terminal segments are dark castaneous, with the penul-
timate one black on its hind margin: on the underside the abdo-
men has the base of each segment fasciated with fulvous. The
legs are obscure pitchy red, with the posterior femora moderately
clavate and serrated and almost black, except at the base and
extremity. The wings are almost limpid, with slender pale brown
veins. The upper branch of the fourth (furcate) longitudinal
vein emits a very short branchlet directed towards the base of the
wing, and the lower branch extends to the costa. ‘The apical ap-
pendage of the abdomen is retracted within the apex in the only
specimen of the female which I have seen.
Fig. 3. The insect slightly magnified ; 3a, the head seen sideways.
Mydas limpidipennis, Westw.
Mydas niger, facie griseo-setosa, (antennis mutilis,) thorace
nigro opaco; abdomine dilatato subconvexo, segmento primo
nigro, griseo parum hirto, 2do et 3tio nigris utrinque ad basin
macula minima albido-lutea notatis, 4 apicalibus piceis ; pe-
dibus rufo-piceis, alis perlimpidis, venis pallidis. 9
Expansio alarum 13 une.
Habitat in Australia occidentali.
In Mus. D. Saunders.
This species is nearly allied to the preceding. The head is
black, including the nasus, which is but very slightly prominent,
the face is clothed with grey hairs. The proboscis is short, the
antenne are broken off in the only specimen I have seen of the
female. The thorax is black and opaque, the halteres are black at
the tips. The abdomen is as broad as and continuous with the
thorax at the base, the middle joints being still wider, and the
apical joints are gradually attenuated ; the basal segment is black,
and slightly clothed with grey pile; the two following segments
are black, each with a minute luteous buff spot on each side, and
the four terminal segments are pitchy and rather glossy, and
punctured. The abdomen beneath is black, very glossy, and
margined. The legs are entirely of an obscure pitchy reddish
of some new Species of Mydaside. 91
colour, the posterior femora but slightly clavate and serrated
beneath. The wings are quite limpid, with the veins very slightly
tinged with brown. ‘The veins are arranged as is described in the
last species. The abdomen is terminated by a retractile ap-
pendage, armed with a radiating series of pale-coloured sete.
XXV. Descriptions of some new Exotic Species of Acroce-
ride (Vesiculosa, Latr.), a Family of Dipterous Insects.
By J. O. Westwoop, Esa. F.L.S.
[Read January 3, 1848. |
Tue family, whereof I propose in the present paper to describe a
number of new species, is remarkable for the singularly swollen
body, and more particularly abdomen, of nearly all the species,
whence Latreille gave to the group the sectional name of Vesicu-
losa. This peculiarity does not exist alone in this family of
insects, since we meet with various analogous resemblances in
other orders of insects, and indeed in other tribes of animals.
Among the Coleoptera there is the genus Chactas amongst the
Melyride, and some Heteromerous genera, remarkable for their
very swollen elytra. Amongst the Homoptera there is also a
very remarkable genus of Cicadide from New Holland, figured
by me, in the ‘Arcana Entomologica,’”’ under the name of Cystosoma
Saundersii, There are also some Orthopterous genera, and many
Homopterous, in which the scutellum is dilated and swollen, con-
cealing the wings and abdomen; as well as some Crustacea, such
as the crab-genus Hymenosoma, and some fishes, which are similarly
swollen.
The naturalist will do well not to overlook these kinds of
analogies, and they require to be stored up for future use. To
attempt in the present state of science to apply them fully and
fitly is a vain effort of skill.
Of the singular family Acroceride I believe nothing is still
known of their habits; the species are everywhere very scarce,
and no observation has hitherto been made of their transforma-
tions. The genera are but few in number, but the species are
distributed over the greater portion of the globe. I do not how-
ever remember any Asiatic species, although African, Australian,
92 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions
North and South American, as well as European, are known. The
species are but of small size, none exceeding our large blue-bottle
fly in size.
PsILODERA.
Psilodera affinis, Westw.
Ps, lutea, thoracis plaga lata dorsali antice subito angustata zenea,
abdomine supra saturate fusco-testaceo, villoso, segmentis
tribus basalibus macula media nigra, ad basin haud dilatata.
Long. corp. lin. 43, expans. alar. lin. 11.
Habitat apud Caput Bone Spei.
In Mus. nostr.
Ps. valide affine. Caput nigrum. Antenne flave, articuli
2di apice nigro. Thorax luteo-fulvus, pube erecta fulva
hirtus, plaga media dorsali antice subito angustiore eenea
supra scutellum, maculis duabus obscure testaceis ad margi-
nem posticum thoracis dorsi extensis, notatus. Abdomen
supra fusco-testaceum, pube pallidiori hirtum, segmentis tri-
bus basalibus macula nigra basali, Ima basi haud dilatata ;
infra obscure flavescens. Pedes omnino flavi. Ale hyaline.
Proboscis nigra, seta dorsali et basali albida.
Psilodera capensis, G. R. Gray, An. K. Ins. pl. 128, f. 4.
Ps, thorace et scutello omnino luteo-pubescentibus, capite nigro,
proboscide nigra, supra fulva, pedibus pallidis ; abdomine
rufo-fusco, luteo-albido fasciata.
Long. corp. lin. 44, expans. alar, lin. 8.
Habitat apud Caput Bone Spei.
In Mus. Britann.
An Cyrlus fasciatus, Wied.? E Ps. valida certe distincte.
LasIA.
Lasia flavitarsis, Erichson.
Syn. Panops flavitarsis, Wiedemann, Macquart.
Lasia amethystina, Perty.
Beris? violacea, G. R. Gray. In Griffith’s An. K. Ins, pl. 114,
fig. 2.
Hee species magnitudine valde variat. Individuum Pertianum
lineas 43 habet ; Wiedemanni 5 lineas, et proboscidem 6 lineas.
In Museo D. Hope individua 2 extant, lineas 5463 longi-
tudine corporis, proboscidis 93 lin., et expans. alar. 12—135
lin. habentia. Antenne fusez, articulo ultimo basi pallido,
vene intermedia longitudinales marginis postici alarum ad
marginem ipsum haud extense.
of some new Exotic Species of Acroceride. 93
Lasia auricoma, Westw.
Las. ceeruleo-viridis nitida, thoracis dorso cupreo, abdominis seg-
mentis apicalibus aureo-pilosis, pedibus nigris, tarsis Juteis.
Long. corp. lin. 53, expans. alar. lin. 12.
Habitat in Brasilia.
In Mus. nostr. Communic. D. Sells.
Oculi picei, luteo-villosi, ocelli haud prominuli. Thorax aureo-
viridis, luteo-villosus, plaga magna fere totum dorsum
occupante zenea, posticé cuprea, margine omni lete purpurea.
Scutellum et abdomen czeruleo-viridia, parum villosa, postice
tamen in medio segmentorum aureo-pilosa. Femora znea,
geniculis piceis. Tibiz picee, luteo-pilosee. Tarsilutei. Te-
gule chalybez. Ale fuscescenti-hyaline, venis nigris, venze
intermediz marginis postici ad marginem ipsum extense.
Lasia rufipes, Westw.
Las. eenea, thorace abdomineque valde luteo-pilosis, pedibus
alarumque venis costalibus testaceis.
Long. corp. lin. 43. Long. probosc. lin. 6. Expans. alar.
lin. 11.
Habitat in Brasilia. D. Miers.
Oculi picei, luteo-subvillosi. Antenne basi nigree (apice dete-
rito), Proboscis nigra, basi supra chalybeeo, seta dorsali
brunnea. Caput postice eneo-viridi, regione ocellorum vix
elevato. Thorax subcupreo-eneus, luteo dense pilosus.
Abdomen etiam densius luteo-villosum, basi segmentorum
posticorum (magis subcupreo) tantum apparente; abdomen
subtus nitidissime purpureum. Pedes testacei. Ale hyaline,
vix infuscatze; venis basalibus et costalibus testaceis. ‘Tegulze
luteze.
PuiLoporta.
Philopota maculicollis, Westw. (Lond. and Edin. Phil. Mag. 1835.)
(Philopota vidua, Erichson’s Entomog. p. 153.)
In individuo nostro color corporis nigro-piceus, nec brunneus ;
facies angusta, inter oculos albida, e sericie tenuissima argen-
tia. Proboscis flava, apice brunnea; prothoracis dorsi angulis
posticis productis, et extremo apice ferrugineo ; mesothorax
punctis duobus minutis anticis alterisque duobus cuneatis
supra basin alarum ferrugineis. Abdominis piceo-nigri margo
lateralis tenuis, infra pallide flavus. Femora nigra, basi rufa,
VOL. V. M
94
Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions
apice lutea-brunneo. ‘Tibi postice extus pallide flave.
Alz infumatee, dimidio postico pallidiori.
Long. corp. lin. 43 (nec 53), expans. alar. lin, 12.
Obs.—Individua duo a cel. Macquartio in “ Diptéres Exotiques,’
Habitat in Brasilia. D. Swainson.
In Mus. nostr.
Philopota conica (nitida, Westw.)
Individuum hujus speciei, in Muszeo D. Hope, characteribus
sequentibus distinguitur: forsan species distincta.
Caput nigrum, facie albo-sericanti, acumine albido. Proboscis
fere corporis longitudine albida, apice fusco. Mesothoracis
dorsum flavum, disco lato nigro, antice subito angustiore ;
linea laterale tenue flava super basin alarum relicta. Pro-
thoracis pleurz flavo-maculate. Mesothorax valde elevatus,
lateribus ante alas utrinque macula flava. Abdomen elon-
gato-conicum, nitidum punctatum, segmenti lmi margine
postico tenui flavo, segmentis 2 et 3 macula transversali
laterali marginis postici cum margine laterali omni flavis.
Coxe brunnez. Femora nigra, basi brunneo, apice albido.
Tibiz albidee, subtus nigricantes. Alze fuscescentes, antice
vix obscuriores.
’
pars 2, pp. 171, 172, ut varietates D. conice descripta, meo
judice, ad species distinctas pertinent.
Philopota liturata, Westw.
Ph. brunneo-nigra, prothoracis margine antico et postico, meso-
thorace utrinque linea flexuosa flavis, alis fusco-hyalinis,
abdomine subopaco punctatissimo.
Long. corp. lin. 34, expans. alar, lin. 7.
Habitat in Brasilia. D. Swainson.
In Mus. D. Hope.
Statura et summa affinitas Ph. nitide, differt tamen colore
magis brunneo, thoracis minus elevato, prothoracis margine
antico et postico flavis. Mesothorax utrinque linea tenui
flexuosa flava, ad basin scutelli ducta. Prothoracis et me-
sothoracis pleuris notatis macula flava. Abdomen elongato-
conicum (minus tamen elongatum quam in specie preecedenti),
subopacum, punctatissimum, punctis tamen minoribus quam
in preecedenti, segmentis posticis tenuissime sericeis ; tribus
basalibus margine postico tenui flavo, (in 2do et 3tio medio
interrupto), margine omni laterali flavido.
An Philopote ovate mas ?
— —
of some new Exotic Species of Acroceride. 95
Philopota tuberculata, Westw.
Ph. nigra luteo-villosa, mesothorace postice bituberculato, abdo-
minis basi utrinque luteo; alis fusco-hyalinis, dimidio antico
fusco.
Long. corp. lin, 3, expans. alar. lin. 7.
Habitat in Brasilia. D. Miers.
Species distincta. Caput nigrum, oculis griseo-hirtis, facie
albido-sericea, acumine pallido. Proboscis corpore e tertia
parte brevior, albida, apice fusco. Thorax niger, luteo-
villosus, prothoracis loborum dorsalium angulis rufo-piceis.
Mesothorax valde elevatus; disco postice quadrato-elevato,
vel potius in tuberculis duobus producto. Scutellum gib-
bum, aureo-pilosum. Abdomen conico-ovatum, nitidum,
punctatum, longius nigro-hirtum, segmentis 2, 3 et 4 utrin-
que macula magna triangulari communi lutea, abdomen sub-
tus luteum. Femora piceo-nigra, apice luteo. Tibiz pallide
luteze, subtus vix obscuriores. Tarsi luteo-fulvi, unguibus
nigris. Alze fusco-hyaline, costa late fusca, usque ad venam
2dam posticam (5am longitudinalem) et ad apicem ale extensa ;
vena 4ta longitudinalis (ramo interno furce), fere ad apicem
alee extensa ; vena sexta sinuata ramos duos parvos emittit,
versus basin alarum, extensos, uno paullo ante apicem altero-
que apicali.
Philopota ovata, Westw.
Ph. brunnea punctatissima, thorace, abdomineque basi linecis
flavis notatis, alis fusco-hyalinis, costa late fusca.
Long. corp. lin. 33, expans. alar. lin. 8.
Habitat in Brasilia. D. Swainson.
In Mus. D. Hope.
Ph. liturate affinis. Brunneo-nigra, opaca. Caput nigrum,
punctatissimum, facie albo-sericea, acumine albido. Pro-
thorax margine antico et postico tenui flavo. Mesothorax
mediocriter elevatus, utrinque linea tenuissima flexuosa flava
ad basin scutelli extensa, pleuris prothoracis puncto et me-
sothoracis macula majori ante alas flavis. Abdomen conico-
ovatum, opacum, tenuissime punctatissimum, margine postico
tenui segmenti Imi flavo, segmento tio et sequentibus basi
nigricantibus ; margine omni laterali tenui albido. Femora
nigra, apice albido. Tibiz albida, subtus piceee. Tarsi picei.
Alz fusco-hyalinze, costa laté fusca ad venam 2ndam posti-
cam extensa, apice ipso hyalino.
96 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions
Philopota histrio, Erichson.
Individuum hujus species vidi, cujus color generalis corporis
est zeneo-niger nec brunneus ; prothoracis flavi lateribus vitta
tenui nigra ad basin alarum extensa et cum margine tenul
antico nigro mesothoracis litteram M formante. Coxe
anticee flavee. Aliter cum descriptione cel. Erichsonii con-
grult.
Long. corp. fere lin. 4.
Habitat in Brasilia. D. Miers.
Individuum alterum etiam vidi, cujus prothoracis dorsum est
nigrum, margine postico tenui litteram V. referente, angulis-
que anticis lateralibus flavis maculis posticis mesothoracis
margineque postico scutelli luteo-ferrugineis ; abdominis seg-
mentis basalibus margine postico flavo in medio interrupto ;
duobus apicalibus nigris ; femora antica subtus albida. Mag-
nitudo preecedentis. Brasilia. D. Miers.
PTERODONTIA.
Pterodontia flavipes, G. R. Gray, in Griffith, An. Kingd. Insects,
pl. 128, fig. 3, part 34, p. 779.
[Nec Pt. flavipes, Macquart, Dipt. exot. 1, 175.]
Pt. nigra, scutello abdomineque testaceo, basi maculisque dorsali-
bus nigris, pedibus pallidis, femoribus quatuor posticis nigris.
Long. corp. lin. 4, expans. alar. lin. 82.
Habitat in Georgia Americe.
In Mus. Britann.
Affinis Pt. Virmondi, Erich. Caput et thorax nigra, nitida,
nigro- villosa. Mesothorax lateribus postice scutelloque
testaceis. Abdomen segmentis duobus basalibus (1mo bre-
vissimo) nigris; reliquis fulvo-testaceis, rufo-villosis; 3tio
vitta media antice et postice dilatata; 4to et 5to macula
media basali, nigris. ‘Tegule fusco-nigre, nitide. Pedes
pallidi, luteo-albidi, tarsorum apice et unguibus obscuris,
femoribus quatuor posticis nigris. Ale pallide luteo-hyalinz.
Costa nonnihil obscuriori, venis pallidis, costalibus et basali-
bus, paullo obscurioribus. Alarum vene ut in Pt. Mellu
disposite.
Obs.—M. Macquart states that the figure given of the wing of
Pterodontia, in the Suites A Buffon, Dipt. pl. 20, fig. 5, is copied
from the Animal Kingdom ; it is however very inaccurate: neither
of some new Exotic Species of Acroceride. 97
is the engraving in the English work quite correct nor agreeable
to my original drawing, from which it was engraved.
Pterodontia Macquartu, Westw.
Pt. atra, scutello abdominisque lateribus rufis, pedibus flavis,
femoribus anticis nigris.
Long. corp. 33—44 lin.
Habitat in Nova Hollandia.
In Mus. Reg. Paris.
Syn. Plerodontia flavipes, Macquart, Dipt. exot. 1, p. 175.
An var. Pt. Mellii, Erichs. ?
Pterodontia analis, Westw.
Pt. nigra, segmentis apicalibus abdominis fulvis, alulis margine
nigricantibus, alis hyalinis, venis albidis, pedibus pallidis.
Long. corp. lin. 2, expans. alar, lin. 5.
Habitat in Georgia Americe.
In Mus. Britann.
Nigra, nitida, nigro-villosa, tenuissime punctata. Caput nigrum,
oculis postice brunneis. Antenne prope os insertee, articulo
terminali gracillimo brevi, apice clavato setigero. Thorax
cum scutello niger. Abdomen hemisphericum, segmentis
duobus basalibus maculaque media ad basin segmenti se-
quentis nigris. Tota pars abdominis relicta apicalis fulva.
Ale hyaline, iridescentes, transversim rugose. Venez
albidz distinctze, area discoidali sub apicem alarum postice
aperta. Tegule fuscescentes, marginibus nigricantibus. Pedes
albidi, femoribus basi obscurioribus, unguibus nigris.
ACROCERA.
Acrocera nigrina, Westw.
Acr. nigra, nitida, tenuissime punctata; punctis duobus minutis
ad marginem posticum penultimi segmenti margineque tenui
segmenti ultimi albidis; pedibus obscure luteo-albidis, fe-
moribus tibiisque in medio obscurioribus; alis fusco pallide
tinctis, venis piceis distinctis; alulis fusco-marginatis,
Long. corp. lin. 2, expans. alar. lin. 63.
Habitat in Georgia Americe.
In Mus. Britann.
VOL. V. N
98 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions, Sc.
Acrocera unguculata, Westw.
Acr. nigra, abdomine fulvo, basi maculisque nigris, pedibus
albis, unguibus nigris ; alarum venis fere obsoletis.
Long. corp. lin. 13, expans. alar. lin, 4.
Habitat in Georgia Americe.
In Mus. Britann.
Caput et thorax nigra, hoc antice utrinque puncto minuto luteo,
postice aureo-villoso, mesothoracis lateribus luteis. Abdomen
fulvum; basi, lateribus segmentorum duorum basalium, macula
angulata in medio ad basin alteraque ad basin segmentorum
duorum proximorum nigris; corpore subtus halteribus pedi-
busque albidis, unguibus magnis nigris. Ale hyaline albe,
venis fere indistinctis, costa tamen paullo obscuriori.
Acrocera subfasciata, Westw.
Acr. nigra, thorace utrinque maculis duabus cuneiformibus
fulvis; abdomine fusco, segmento 1mo ad apicem maculis
duabus transversis, 2do fascia apicali utrinque abbreviata
luteis ; alteris terminalibus luteo-marginatis.
Long. corp. lin. 13, expans. alar. lin. 43.
Habitat in Novo Eboraco.
In Mus. Britann.
Caput et thorax nigra, hoc antice maculis duabus cuneiformibus
fulvis, spiraculis albidis, mesothoracis lateribus postice albidis.
Pedes albidi, unguibus nigris. Ale hyaline, venis pallide
fuscis ; costa paullo obscuriori.
Acrocera fumipennis, Westw.
Acr. nigra, nitida, alis hyalinis, versus basin fusco-infumatis,
venis versus basin obscuris ad apicem tamen fere obliteratis,
alulis fuscis, pedibus albidis.
Long. corp. lin. 13, expans. alar. lin. 4.
Habitat in Georgia Americe.
In Mus. Britann.
Acrocera bulla, Westw.
Nigra, abdomine albido, basi, (in medio dentata,) fascia ad basin
2di segmenti, maculaque media ad basin 3tii anoque nigris,
pedibus albidis, unguibus nigris, alis hyalinis, costa venisque
fuscis.
Long. corp. lin, 23, expans. alar, lin, 53.
Habitat in Novo Eboraco.
In Mus. Britann.
J. W. Douglas’s Note on Segetia Xanthographa. 99
XXVI. Note on a Variety of Segetia Xanthographa. (PI.
XIV. fig.1.) By J. W. Dovauas, Esq.
[Read 6th March, 1848. ]
Ar the meeting of this Society on November Ist, 1847, I exhibited
a most curious specimen of this moth, taken near Manchester, and
sent to me by Mr. Edleston. On the right side the wings present
the usual appearance of the species, but on the left the upper wing
has only a broad stripe of brown on the costal portion, the rest
of it being luteous, with a few dark marks, and the lower wing
being dark, with a broad luteous dash running down the centre.
It is a most singular deviation from the normal appearance of this
moth, and has been most ably drawn by Mr. Wing, to whose figure
I beg a reference, as giving a better idea of the insect than any
description I can make.
What may have been the cause of this variation I am unable to
say decisively, but some observations reported to the Entomolo-
gical Society of France by M. A. Pierret,* will, I think, throw
some light on it. He says, that of several species of Lepidoptera
which ordinarily have the wings red, varieties occur in which that
colour is replaced by yellow. He instances Sphinx Dahlu, S.
Euphorbia, Zygena Achillea, Z. Fausta, and Z. Onobrychis, Eu-
chelia Jacobee, Chelonia Caja, C. Hebe, and C. purpurea, Calli-
morpha Hera and C. dominula. He says the reverse of this never
takes place, with the single exception of Callimorpha donna, in
which the yellow of the under wings is sometimes replaced by
red; but in this case he thinks, that as C. donna is really only a
variety of C. dominula, the apparently accidental red is properly a
return to the typical colour. He then concludes, that every yellow
variety of a red type is caused by an arrest of the elaboration of
the colouring matter of the perfect insect, resulting either from
the imperfect or improper nutrition of the caterpillar, or from the
influence of atmospheric agents while in the pupa state.
I think that if this theory be correct, that it may account for
the variation of the species now before us, although this differs
from the examples quoted by M. Pierret, inasmuch as the typical
colour is not red, and the yellow variation is on one side only.
* Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 1847. Tome 5, Bulletin,
page Ixxii.
VOL. V, S
100 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Sketch
XXVII. Sketch of the Genus Peecilocoris, belonging to the
Hemipterous Family Scutelleride. By W.S. Daas,
Esq.
[Read 3d April, 1848.]
In a paper in the third volume of the Transactions of the Ento-
mological Society, at p. 84, Mr. White proposed the division of
Tectocoris, Hahn, into two genera, retaining the name Tectocoris
for that section which contains Hahn’s type (7. cyanipes, Fab.),
and proposing that of Peecilochroma* for the other, containing
Cimex Drurei, Lin., and some allied species. ‘The genus Scutel-
lera, of Amyot and Serville, corresponds exactly with T'ectocoris
as above restricted, but those Entomologists have established no
generic group to which the species forming the present genus can
be referred.
As Mr. White, in the paper quoted above, did not fully charac-
terize this genus, it may be as well here to give its distinctive
characters at length.
Genus Pacitocoris, (Pecilochroma, White).
Cimex, Linn.; Drury; Fab. olim. Tetyra,Fab.; Burm. Scutellera,
Guér.; Burm.; Germ.; H. Schaffer. Tectocoris, Hope.
Pachycoris, H. Schaffer.
Body ovate, convex. Head (Pl. XIII. fig. a) rather large, broad,
the lateral margins sinuated before the eyes. Antenne (fig. a)
about half the length of the body, of five joints ; basal joint short,
robust ; second, shorter and thinnest ; third, fourth and fifth, each
as long as, or longer than the two basal united, nearly equal, com-
pressed, broad, and furrowed longitudinally on the sides. Rostrum
generally passing the second segment of the abdomen, in some
species extending nearly to its apex. Scutellum slightly truncated
at the apex. Abdomen (fig. b) with a more or less distinct furrow
beneath; the three penultimate segments in the male not bearing
the dull space on each side which exists in Tectocoris (fig. c), and
the anal plate, in the same sex, simple, consisting only of one
piece, which has its extremity sinuated, and fringed with hairs.
* As I have been informed, since this was read, that the generic name Pecilo-
chroma, applied to this genus by Mr. White, had been previously employed in
Lepidoptera, I have, with that gentleman’s concurrence, changed his name for
that which stands at the head of this paper.
of the Genus Pecilocoris. 101
The species bear a striking resemblance, in the arrangement of
their colours, to many of the species of Coccinella, being mostly
yellow, orange or red, spotted with black or violet ; they corre-
spond also in their tendency to variation, the spots sometimes
increasing in size, until, becoming confluent, they cover nearly the
whole surface, sometimes disappearing partially, or even entirely,
so that their proper position can only be determined from some
slight difference in the surface of the parts which, in the normal
state, would be darkly coloured. The difficulty of distinguishing
the species is increased by the remarkable uniformity which exists
in most of them, in the number and position of the spots on the
scutellum ; but we shall generally find that the underside of the
body (though even here there is some tendency to variation) will
present us with sufficient characters for this purpose, for it is sel-
dom the case that the developement of the dark colouring matter
is increased on both surfaces of the same individual.
sp. l. 2. latus, N.S. . (Bl. XUE, fig: 4:)
P. rotundato-ovatus, flavus, rubro-nebulosus, capite, maculisque
thoracis et scutelli nigro-violaceis ; abdomine rufo, immacu-
lato, ano concolori; pectore flavescenti, antice pallide rufo ;
pedibus nigro-violaceis, femoribus basi testaceis ; rostro* ab-
dominis medium attingente. ¢, 2.
Long. lin. 9—10.
Hab. in China.
In Mus. Brit.
Rounded-ovate, not very convex; above yellow, clouded with
orange-red, thickly punctured. Head violet, shining, thickly and
strongly punctured; eyes brown; ocelli red. Thorax thickly
punctured, somewhat rugose, with the anterior angles, and two
large spots on the disc, extending to the posterior margin, deep
blue-violet. Scutellum thickly and finely punctured, slightly
wrinkled transversely at the base; with a spot in each basal angle,
a large, irregular, transverse patch in the centre of the base, and
a transverse row of four spots, of which the two intermediate are
by much the largest, across the disc, behind the middle, deep
blue-violet ; the surface around all the spots clouded with orange-
red. Margins of elytra black. Abdomen beneath red, immacu-
late, thickly and finely punctured, and slightly pilose, with a strong
central furrow at the base. Anal apparatus reddish. Breast
thickly punctured, yellowish, variegated with blackish violet ; the
* IT have only noticed the length of the rostrum in the characters of those
species in which it exceeds the usual limits.
02
102 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Sketch
antepectus pale red, with a violet-black spot at the base of the
anterior legs. Thighs testaceous, their apices, with the tibiz
and tarsi, shining violet-black. Head beneath yellowish in the
centre, with its margins violet. Antenne black, the two basal
joints with a violet tinge. Rostrum testaceous, with the two last
joints black, the apex attaining the base of the fourth segment of
the abdomen.
The Museum specimens of this beautiful species, which, from
its form, may be considered as the link uniting this genus with
Tectocoris, have the five spots in the centre of the base of the
scutellum confluent, forming the large patch which is seen at this
part; in the normal state they would be arranged exactly as in P.
Drurei. In this particular it agrees with J'etyra Donovani, Burm.,*
(Nova Acta, &c. vol. xvi. p. 286, Tab. 41, fig. 1,) and also in the
absence of the two subapical spots, and the length of the rostrum ;
but the difference in the form, and in the general colouring of the
two insects, is too great to admit of the supposition of their identity.
Sp. 2. P. interruptus, Hope.
P. rotundato-ovatus, nigro-zeneus; thorace margine postico,
lineaque curva longitudinali utrinque, scutello linea sub-
media transversa interrupta, margineque apicali, coccineis ;
abdomine nigro-zneo, rubro-variegato, ano nigro; pectore
toto, pedibusque nigris. 4, @.
Long. lin. 7—9.
Hab. in Nepal.
In Mus. Brit.
Tectocoris interrupta, Hope, Cat. p. 14.
Scutellera int., Germ. Z. vol. i. p. 134; H. Sch. vol. v. p. 73,
pl. 172, fig. 531.
Broadly ovate, rather flat; above brassy black, thickly and
finely punctured. Eyes pale brown; ocelli red. Prothorax with
the posterior margin, and a curved longitudinal line on each side,
within the lateral angles, bright red. Scutellum with a narrow
transverse line on the disc near the middle, interrupted in the
centre, and the apical margin, bright red; [margins of elytra brassy
black ;] margins of abdomen black, variegated with bright red,
Abdomen beneath black, shining, slightly brassy, the bases of the
second, third, fourth and fifth segments, in the middle, and a mar-
ginal spot on the junction of each segment, red. Anal apparatus
black, margined with red in the female. Breast brassy black,
thickly and finely punctured. Antenne, rostrum and legs black,
* This species approaches very closely to P. Hardwickii.
of the Genus Pecilocoris. 103
In a long series of this insect in the British Museum there are
no indications of distinct spots ; but it is probable that the anterior
margin, and two spots on the disc of the prothorax, are black,
and that the spots on the scutellum are arranged much as in P.
Hardnickii, the interruption to the red band being evidently caused
by the apex of the central basal spot of the scutellum, although it
is certainly quite distinct from that species.
Sp. 3. P. purpurascens, Hope. (PI. XIII. fig. 5.)
P. ovatus, violaceo nigroque variegatus; thorace maculis 4
parvis, scutelloque 5, coccineis; abdomine viridi-zneo, ma-
culis 4 utrinque rubris, ano nigro-zneo ; pectore toto, pedi-
busque nigro-violaceis. 3, @.
Long lin. 8—9.
Hab. in Nepal.
In Mus. Brit.
Tectocoris purpurascens, Hope, Cat. p. 14.
Scutellera purp., Germ. Z. vol. i. p. 135.
Ovate ; above variegated with violet and black, thickly and
strongly punctured. Head nearly smooth, shining, slightly wrin-
kled, and punctured at the base and apex; eyes and ocelli brown.
Thorax with a small red spot in the centre of the anterior margin,
a corresponding one on the posterior margin, and a small streak
of the same colour on each side towards the lateral angles. Scu-
tellum with a small transverse streak on each side before the
middle, a smaller longitudinal one towards the apex, and an
oblique one on each side of this, on the lateral margins, bright
red. Margins of elytra violet-black. Abdomen beneath slightly
wrinkled, shining brassy green, the margins violet, with an irre-
gular transverse red streak on each side on the second, third,
fourth and fifth segments. Anal apparatus brassy black. Breast
violet and green, shining, finely punctured, with a dull black
patch on the medi- and post-pectus. Legs violet-black. Head
beneath violet and green, shining, punctured. Antenne and ros-
trum black.
The spots (indicated by the strong violet tints on various parts
of the surface) are arranged, normally, exactly as in P. Drurei,
but the species appears to be quite distinct.
Sp. 4. P. Drurei, Lin. (Pl. XIII. fig. 6.)
P, ovatus, luteo-fulvus, vel rufus ; capite, maculis 2 thoracis,
maculisque 13 scutelli, plus minusve confluentibus, nigris ;
elytris nigris ; abdomine rufescenti-fulvo, basi, stigmatibus,
104 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Sketch
maculaque ante apicem, nigris; ano rufescenti; pectore
(marginibus antero-lateralibus rufis exceptis), pedibus, an-
tennisque nigris. 3, @.
Long. lin. 8—9.
Hab. in Indiis Orient.
In Mus. Brit., &c.
Cimex Drurei, Lin. Mant. Plant. 534; Drury, Ins. vol.i. p. 94,
pl. 42, fig. 1; Fab. E. S. vol. iv. pp. 83, 13.
Tetyra Drurei, Fab. S. R. pp. 132, 17.
Scutellera Dr., Germ. Z., vol.i. p.135. (Burm. p. 396.)
( Tectocoris Dr., Hope, Cat.) Stoll. Wanz. p. 114, fig. 267.
The normal condition of this species may be considered to ex-
hibit the typical colouring of the genus; in it the spots on the
scutellum are arranged,— five basal, of which the central one is
somewhat triangular and rather short, the two intermediate small-
est; two behind these, placed opposite the intermediate basal ones,
a row of four across the disc, rather behind the middle, and two
towards the apex. The seven spots at the base are frequently
confluent, forming a large basal patch, with three large notches in
its posterior margin (as in the variety figured by Drury); the
row of spots across the disc are also often united to form a trans-
verse band. The narrow basal segment of the abdomen, and
generally the second segment also, are violet-black ; the stigmata
of the other segments are surrounded by spots of the same colour,
which generally occupy the entire lateral margins of the segments,
and thus form a black border to the abdomen; the terminal seg-
ment, except the posterior and lateral margins, is black.
In a specimen of this insect, in the Museum of the East India
Company, the usual black spots on the thorax and scutellum are
represented by whitish guttz, whilst the black markings of the
abdomen occupy more of the surface than usual.
Sp. 5. P. obsoletus, N.S.
P. ovatus, coccineus opacus, pallide violaceo-maculatus ; tho-
race marginibus lateralibus et antico nitidis; elytris coccineis ;
abdomine coccineo, segmento primo, stigmatibus, maculaque
magna segmenti ultimi, nigris ; ano rubro; pectore (margini-
bus antero-lateralibus exceptis), pedibusque nigris, femoribus
basi fuscescentibus. ¢.
Long. lin. 9.
Hab. Hong Kong.
In Mus. Brit.
of the Genus Pecilocoris. 105
Ovate, above bright velvety red, thickly punctured. Head and
eyes black ; ocelli reddish. Thorax with the anterior and lateral
margins smooth, shining, rather coarsely and irregularly punc-
tured ; two indistinct yellowish patches within the anterior angles,
and faint indications of two elongated violet spots on the disc.
Scutellum slightly wrinkled transversely at the base, and with in-
dications of eleven violet spots, placed five at the base, two behind
these, and four in a transverse row across the middle ; the apical
portion orange, finely reticulated with red. Margins of elytra
bright red, thickly and coarsely punctured. Abdomen red, shining,
with a few scattered punctures, and a faint longitudinal furrow at
the base; the basal segment pitchy black, a small spot round each
of the stigmata, and a large crescent-shaped one on the terminal
segment, black. Anal apparatus red. Breast violet-black, shining,
finely and sparingly punctured, a dull space on each side of the
medi- and post-pectus; the antero-lateral margins and the lateral
angles red. Thighs brownish, slightly tinted with brassy, their
apices, the tibice and tarsi, brassy black. Head beneath shining
violet, punctured, yellowish at the base. Antenne black, the
three basal joints tinted with violet and brassy, the two apical
covered with short greyish hairs, Rostrum pitchy.
This insect was recently sent from Hong Kong by John C.
Bowring, Esq. ; it is very nearly allied to the preceding, the spots
being arranged in exactly the same manner; but the two sub-
apical ones are wanting, whilst the red colour of the margins of
the elytra, the colour of the legs, the peculiar texture of the
margins of the thorax, and the clothing of the two last joints of
the antennz, seem to mark it as a distinct species.
Sp. 6. P. pulcher, White, MS. (PI. XIII. fig. 7.)
P. ovatus, purpureus, thorace antice, marginibus lateralibus,
lineaque centrali coccineis; scutello basi, fasciaque lata media
violaceo-tinctis ; abdomine coccineo, stigmatibus nigris; ano
rufo; pectore (marginibus antero-lateralibus exceptis) pedi-
busque nigro-purpureis. 3.
Long. lin. 9.
Hab. in Malabar.
In Mus. Brit.
Ovate, deep velvety purple, thickly and finely punctured. Head
shining, strongly punctured, blackish at the base, and along the
margins of the lobes; eyes brownish; ocelli reddish. Thorax
broadly margined with red laterally and anteriorly, and with a
narrow, central, longitudinal line of the same colour on the disc.
106 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Sketch
Scutellum deep purple, with the base (irregularly), a transverse
band across the disc, before the middle, a narrow central line
uniting these, and a small spot on each side of the latter, shining
violet. The margins of the elytra brownish purple. Abdomen
with a strong furrow at the base, bright red, with a violet reflec-
tion, smooth, shining, very finely and moderately punctured ; a
black spot round each of the stigmata, and a faint band of the
same colour across the terminal segment. Anal plate red. Breast
purple, variegated with violet and greenish tints, shining, thickly
and finely punctured, the antero-lateral margins and lateral angles
red. Thighs brassy purple; tibiz shining violet; tarsi black.
Head beneath violet and green, shining, strongly punctured ;
orange at the base. Antenne (mutilated) shining violet. Ros-
trum brassy black, basal joint pale pinkish violet.
The spots in this beautiful species appear to be arranged as in
P. Drurei, except that the two subapical ones are wanting. The
others can easily be traced in the violet tints of the base, and the
broad band across the middle of the scutellum.
Sp. 7. P. Childreni, White.
P. ovatus, luteo-fulvus; capite, thorace antice maculisque 4
posticis, scutelloque maculis 11, nigris ; abdomine, pectore-
que toto, nigro-purpureis, illo lineis 4 transversis utrinque,
fulvis; ano nigro; pedibus nigro-purpureis. ¢, @.
Long. lin. 9.
Hab. in Nepal.
In Mus. Brit., &c.
Peecilochroma Childreni, White, Ent. ‘Trans. vol. iii. p. 84, pl. 7,
fig. 1.
The spots on the scutellum are placed,—three basal, of which
the central one is large, triangular, and produced on each side at
the base, in such a manner that it appears as though in the nor-
mal state there would be an additional spot on each side, as in
P. Drurei; two behind these, a row of four across the disc,
rather behind the middle, and two subapical. It is rather singu-
lar, that all the three specimens with which I am acquainted have
(as noticed by Mr. White, 1]. c. sup.) a strong impression across
the disc of the scutellum, in front of the transverse row of spots,
in two instances, certainly, increased since the death of the insect,
but in the third apparently in the same condition as during its life.
This character, if it be one, exists in no other species.
I have never seen any specimens with the spots confluent, but
if such should occur, they would be easily distinguishable from P.
of the Genus Pecilocoris. 107
Drurei by the broad black anterior margin of the prothorax, and
the black anal plates; from the following species, P. Hardnickit,
by the margins of all the segments of the abdomen being violet-
black ; and from both, by the presence of four spots on the disc
of the prothorax, and by the entire breast being violet-black. It
is probable that, in the normal condition, the disc of the abdomen
may be yellow or orange, margined with black, as in P. Drurei,
for in one of the specimens in the British Museum there exists, in
addition to the transverse lines on each side, a narrow longitudinal
line in the centre, which crosses two or three of the segments.
Sp. 8 P. Hardnicki, Hope.* (PI. XIII. fig. 8.)
P. ovatus, luteo-fulvus vel sanguineus; thorace antice maculis-
que 2 nigris; scutello nigro-maculato vel variegato; abdo-
mine rufo, basi, segmentis marginibus lateralibus, penultimo
et terminali exceptis, segmento ultimo anoque, nigro-violaceis ;
pectore (marginibus antero-lateralibus exceptis) pedibusque
nigro-violaceis. Gaek
Long. lin. 8—10,
Hab. in India.
In Mus. Brit., &c.
Tectocoris Hardnicki, et affinis, Hope, Cat. p. 13.
Pachycoris Nepalensis, H. Sch., Wanz. Bd. 4, p. 1, Tab. 109,
fig. 339.
Scutellera Hardwicku, Germ. Z., vol. i. p. 135.
Ovate, convex, above yellowish-orange or red, opaque, rather
thickly and finely punctured. Head black, thickly and strongly
punctured ; eyes and ocelli brownish. Thorax with the anterior
portion, and two large spots on the disc, black. Scutellum slightly
wrinkled transversely at the base; in the normal state with eleven
black spots, placed, three at the base, of which the central one is
large, elongated-triangular, a small round one on each side of the
apex of this, a transverse row of four across the disc, behind the
middle, the two intermediate of which are the largest, and two
smaller towards the apex. These spots are generally either more
or less confluent, or partially obliterated, forming numerous varie-
ties, as noted below. Margins of the elytra pitchy black. Abdomen
beneath orange-red, very faintly wrinkled, the basal segment en-
tirely, the second, except the middle, the third and fourth on the
lateral margins, the terminal segment, except its lateral margins,
* The insect described by Burmeister (Nova Acta, &c., vol. xvi. p. 286),
under the name of Tetyra Donovani, very closely resembles this species, with
which it may perhaps be identical ; in this case Burmeister’s name must supplant
Hope’s,
108 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Sketch
(and, in the male, its base,) and the anal apparatus, violet-black ;
the penultimate segment is entirely red. Breast black, tinted with
violet, finely punctured ; the lateral angles of the antepectus, and
part of the antero-lateral margins, red. Legs violet-black. An-
tennz and rostrum black.
This is one of the most variable species of this genus with which
we are at present acquainted. Mr. Hope has described, as dis-
tinct species, the two following varieties, viz.
1. Tect. Hardnicku, Hope.
Pachycoris Nepalensis, H. Sch.; Scutellera Hardnicku, Germ.
In this the spots have become confluent, so that the general
colour of the upper surface of the insect is black; the thorax is
nearly covered by the two spots on the disc, which extend for-
wards to the black anterior margin, and posteriorly to the hinder
margin; the five spots at the base of the scutellum are united,
forming a large waved band across the base, from the centre of
which the apex of the triangular basal spot projects, while the
two intermediate spots of the transverse row are joined to one
another, and to the two subapical ones, forming a large rounded
lobate patch. ,
Between this and the normal state, and between the latter and
the following variety, a good many intermediate forms exist.
2. Tect. affinis, Hope.
In this the two subbasal and the two subapical spots are wanting,
all the other characters existing as in the normal condition of the
species, although we sometimes find the two spots on the disc of
the thorax exceedingly indistinct. The species however is easily
distinguished, throughout all its varieties, from those most nearly
allied to it, by the uniform red colour of the fifth segment of the
abdomen.
Sp. 9. P. dives, Guérin.
P. rufo-fulvus; capite, thorace margine antico, maculis thoracis
et scutelli, elytrorumque marginibus nigris; abdomine rufo,
sulco longitudinali indistincto, stigmatibus nigris; rostro fere
abdominis apicem attingente. ¢.
Long. lin. 73.
Hab. in Java.
In Mus. Brit.
Scutellera dives, Guérin, Ic. pl. 55, fig. 1.
Somewhat elongate-ovate, above orange, thickly and finely
punctured. Head brassy-black, shining, punctured; eyes brown-
of the Genus Pecilocoris. 109
ish; ocelli reddish. Thorax with the anterior margin, a spot
on each lateral angle, a submarginal line on each side, uniting
these with the anterior margin, and two large spots on the disc,
violet or brassy-black. Scutellum with thirteen violet-black
spots, placed as in P. Drurei. Margins of the elytra violet-
black. Beneath thickly and finely punctured. Abdomen with a
slight central furrow, red, shining, with a slight violet tint; a
violet-black spot on each of the stigmata. Anal plate red. Breast
violet, shining, pale in the centre and at the insertion of the legs ;
the antero-lateral margins red. Legs brassy-violet, with the base
of the thighs brownish testaceous. Head beneath violet. Ros-
trum reaching nearly to the apex of the abdomen, violet-black,
with the edges of the basal joint, and the articulations of all the
joints, testaceous. Antennz violet-black, with the base of the
first joint testaceous.
Guérin, in the letter-press to his “ Iconographie du Régne Ani-
mal,” states this to be only a variety of P. Drurei; his figure,
however, differs sufficiently from that species to show at once
that they are decidedly distinct ; and the characters drawn from
the extraordinary length of the rostrum, and the colouring of the
underside, place them at a still greater distance.
Sp. 10. P. longirostris, N.S. (Pl. XIII. fig. 9.)
P. luteo-fulvus, capite, maculis thoracis et scutelli, elytrorumque
marginibus, nigris ; abdomine luteo-fulvo, sulco longitudinali
centrali distincto, stigmatibus nigris; rostro fere abdominis
apicem attingente. ¢@.
Long. lin. 9.
Hab. in Java.
In Mus. Brit.
Ovate, somewhat elongated; above orange-yellow, very thickly
and finely punctured. Head black, strongly punctured; eyes
brown ; ocelli reddish. Thorax very narrowly edged with black
anteriorly, and with a black spot within each anterior angle.
Scutellum with seven black spots, placed, three at the base, two
intermediate, and a very small one on each side, near the middle
of the lateral margins. Beneath very thickly and finely punc-
tured. Abdomen with a strong central furrow, orange-yellow,
shining, with a violet-black spot on each of the stigmata, Anal
apparatus yellow. Breast violet, shining; the centre, the antero-
lateral margins, and some transverse lines on the margins of the
segments, yellow. Legs shining violet; thighs at the base, and
110 Mr. E. Doubleday’s Description
coxe, brownish testaceous. Head beneath violet, strongly punc-
tured, yellow at the base; the antenniferous tubercles yellowish.
Rostrum very long, reaching nearly to the apex of the abdomen,
brassy green, shining ; the edges of the basal joint yellow. An-
tenn (mutilated) violet-black.
The only specimen of this insect in the British Museum is evi-
dently deficient in spots; the two spots in the anterior angles of
the prothorax being the remains of a transverse band on that part;
the spots on the dise of the thorax, and most probably six spots
of the scutellum, being wanting. It is very nearly allied to P.
dives, but appears to be distinct ; it may possibly, however, turn
out to be the female of that species.
XXVIII. Description of some Species of Geometride from
South America, forming a new Genus. By Epwarp
Dovsuepay, Esq. F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e.
[Read May Ist, 1848.]
Tue beautiful insects forming the genus I am about to characterize
are natives of the mountainous regions of the tropical portions of
South America. The only specimens I have seen of the species
here described were brought home by Mr. Dyson from Venezuela,
and by Mr. Bridges from Bolivia. The former traveller found
the three first species in the lofty mountains of Caraccas, the latter
collected the fourth and fifth species in the country of the Yuru-
cam Indians, in the Andes of Bolivia. _I have also seen one spe-
cies from the mountainous parts of Brazil, and much regret not
being able to lay before the Society a description of it. It belongs
to the third section. Of the affinities of the genus I can say
nothing. We know too little of the Geometride to venture upon
that subject, yet perhaps I might safely suggest an alliance to the
genera Odezia, Torula and Psodos, all more or less mountain genera.
The analogy in form to some of the Erycinide cannot be over-
looked.
Like the genera Odexia, Torula and Psodos, the Erateine are
diurnal insects.
The first segment of the abdomen offers the same remarkable
cavity which, on a former occasion, I mentioned to this Society as
occurring in some of the Glaucopide, considering it to be analogous
of some new Species of Geometridae. a:
to the drum of the Cicada. I regret exceedingly not being able
to make out more satisfactorily both this peculiarity, and the struc-
ture of certain anal appendages, which seem to exist in both sexes of
some at least of the species. In Hrateima Zoraida those of the male
consist of two large shell-like valves, lined internally with hair,
and furnished above with a tuft of long hairs on each side; they
appear to be capable of being entirely retracted within the abdo-
men. The structure of the scales and hairs, within the fold of the
inner margin of the posterior wings, is very remarkable. The
scales are oval, much like those of the peculiar spots on the wings
of some species of Colias and Callidryas, very faintly striate. The
hairs are jointed, composed of striated cylinders, much resembling
the spines of an Hchinus, easily detached one from the other, and
then appearing like small cylindrical scales. On this subject I
shall have more to say at a future time, as also on the characters
of the abdomen.
Genus ERATEINA.
Heap small, round, the forehead clothed with appressed scales,
the vertex between the antennz with a tuft of elongate scales,
not closely appressed. yes rather small, round, not remarkably
prominent. Mazxille about equal in length to the whole body.
Labial palpi small, much curved, ascending, parallel, scaly ; the
scales in front at the base elongate, more or less erect; behind
and towards the apex in front short, appressed ; first joint stout,
sub-cylindric, much curved, the apex obliquely truncate; second
joint of about equal length, slenderer, less curved, sub-cylindric,
smaller towards the apex; third joint one-third the length of the
second, obovate, and slightly pointed. Antenne not quite so long
as the body, simple, the joints short, scaly on the back, thickly
set at the sides and within with very delicate, short, erect hairs.
Tuorax rather small, oval, the prothorax exceedingly short. 4n-
terior nings trigonate, the apex very slightly rounded, the margins
but little rounded, the anterior one-half longer than the inner
margin, this latter rather shorter than the outer margin. Costal
nervure extending beyond the middle of the anterior margin.
Sub-costal nervure throwing off its first nervule before the end of
the cell, then bending downwards, and again rising to unite for a
short distance with its first nervule, thus forming a small elongate
cellule. Second, third and fourth sub-costal nervules united at
their origin, the second separating itself at a point nearer to their
common origin than the point where the third and fourth separate
from each other ; the fourth terminating at the apex ; the fifth, on
112 Mr. E. Doubleday’s Description
the outer margin, considerably below the apex. Cell less than half
the length of the wing. Upper disco-cellular nervule wanting ; the
first discoidal nervule, arising from the sub-costal nervure, near
the end of the cellule formed by its junction with the first sub-
costal nervule. Middle disco-cellular nervule arising before the
origin of the first discoidal nervule, straight, shorter than the Jower
disco-cellular, which is first directed immediately across the wing,
then outwards to the third median nervule, which makes a slight
angle at the point of union, First median nervule thrown off at a
point about half as distant from the end of the cell as from the
base of the wing, slightly curved downwards, as is the second.
Third median nervule slight, curved upwards. Posterior mings
elongate, caudate, dentate externally ; or somewhat quadrate, cau-
date or rounded ; the inner margin in the males (of some species
at least) folded back upon the under surface of the wing, forming
a semi-oval lobe, the inside of which is lined with scales or jointed
hairs of a very singular structure. Precostal nervure extending
beyond the margin of the wing, in the form of a short, stout bristle,
simple in the males, divided at the termination in the females, not
received in either sex into a socket on the under surface of the
upper wings. Costal nervure separating from the sub-costal at
the base of the wing, then uniting to it for some distance, so as to
form a small triangular cellule, again separating from it, and ter-
minating beyond the middle of the inner margin. First sub-costal
nervule terminating at the outer angle of the wing. Discoidal
nervure thrown off from the sub-costal nervure at right angles to
it, a little above its division into its two nervules, then bent at a
right angle, and directed towards the outer margin of the wing,
slightly bent where the short lower disco-cellular is united to it.
Third median nervule slightly bent at the point where it receives
the lower disco-cellular. Anterior feet, with the femur, nearly
twice as long as the tibia, slightly dilated in the middle. ‘Tibia
short, armed within, about the middle, with a stout slightly curved
spine, extending to the apex or nearly so, and covered in the males
(of some species at least) by a tuft of long curled hairs. ‘Tarsi
with all the joints sub-cylindric, spiny laterally and below, except
the fifth, which is bare below; the first joint longer than the rest
combined, second about one-third the length of the first, third
about half the length of the second, fourth and fifth nearly equal,
rather more than two-thirds the length of the third. Claws curved,
serrate internally about the middle, the base covered with a tuft
of stiff hairs. Paronychia sub-ovate, fringed with long hairs.
Pulvillus broad, not so long as the claw. Middle and posterior
of some new Species of Geometride. 113
legs with the femora rather shorter than the tibia, the latter
slender, sub-cylindric, rather stouter at the apex than at the
base, armed within, beyond the middle, with two moderately stout
moveable spines, and two similar ones at the apex. ‘Tarsi longer
than the tibia, similar in their structure to those of the anterior
pair. Aspomen short, slender, curved, the base with a cavity on
each side, within which may be seen a drum-like membrane. Last
segment, in the males at least, furnished with two broad valves,
lined inside with hair, and surmounted by a tuft of long hairs on
each side. i
The genus is divisible into three sections founded on the cha-
racters of the posterior wings. In the first section they are
elongate, caudate, externally dentate, the tail being formed by a
prolongation of the first and second median nervules, reminding
us of the hind wings of Diorhina Rhetus and its allies.
This section seems to be confined to the more northern parts
of South America, as I have only seen the specimens collected
by Mr. Dyson.
The second section has the posterior wings subquadrate, the
second and third median nervules being prolonged so as to give
an angular character to the outer margin. ‘This structure re-
minds us of the genus Ancyluris.
The third section has the posterior wings obovate, and in some
respects reminds us of Eurygona Ouranus.
The generic details, which will be given conjointly with some
figures illustrative of the peculiar scales and hairs of the posterior
wings, are from a specimen of Erateina Zoraida, the only species
I have had an opportunity of dissecting. I may here express my
hope that Lepidopterologists will for the future be more careful
to preserve the legs of their specimens. In drawing up the
generic characters given above I have had considerable trouble
owing to want of care in this respect on the part of the collectors
of the specimens.
Sect. 1.
Sp. 1. Er. Zoraida.
Er, Alis omnibus supra cervino-fuscis, anticis linea media flex-
uosa, transversa, alba, posticis fascia lata margineque externo
cinnabarinis.
Exp. alar. 1 unc. 7 lin. vel 40 mill.
Hab. Venezuela. (Tab. XII. fig. 1, 1a, 2.)
Head black ; the orbits of the eyes white, the palpi striped with
white; antenne black; thorax fawn-coloured. Anterior and
114 Mr. E. Doubleday’s Description
posterior wings above of a fuscous brown, more or less tinged
with fawn colour, especially towards the base of the wings, the
colour varying with the direction of the light. The anterior
wings are crossed about the middle by a flexuous white band,
commencing below the subcostal nervure, and terminating slightly
before the anal angle. The posterior wings are crossed by a sub-
marginal band ofa dull cinnabar colour, narrow, almost pointed at its
commencement near the outer angle, broad at its termination on the
inner margin above the anal angle; sending off two short branches to
the outer margin. Outer margin cinnabar-coloured. The under
surface of the anterior wings has the base of a dull cinnabar colour,
striped longitudinally with white, the cell is crossed by a slightly
silvery white band, and the discocellular nervule is marked by a
short band of the same colour; the band of the upper surface is
represented by a similiar band, extending however to the costa,
and to the inner margin, of a paler colour at both its origin and
termination, than on the disc ; and bordered externally with black.
Between this band and the outer margin is a pale ash-coloured
line bordered externally with black, the inner margin towards the
base is broadly silvery ash-coloured. Posterior wings of the male
having the inner margin reflexed at the base, forming a semioval
fold, partially covering the disc of the wing; this fold externally
is of a cinnabar brown, delicately edged with silvery white, marked
near the base with silvery spots, and within its margin by a delicate
silvery white line; internally it is lined with silky hairs. Imme-
diately beyond this fold the wing is of a dull cinnabar colour;
marked irregularly with white, beyond which are two transverse
bands, the first of an ashy white, the second of a cinnabar colour,
beyond these bands the wings are of a cinnabar brown clouded,
with the outer margin marked with dull white spots, and the
outer angle with a dash of the same colour. The female differs
from the male in wanting the fold, and having the base streaked
alternately with cinnabar and whitish. Legs ash-coloured. Ab-
domen fawn-coloured, ringed with white.
Sp. 2. Lr. Ianthe.
Er. Alis anticis cervinis, coste basi cinnabarina, posticis basi
subcinnabarinis, tunc rufo-aurantiacis, fascia submarginali ex-
terne dentata nigra,
Exp. alar. 1 unc. 7 lin. vel 40 mill.
Hab. Venezuela. (Tab. XII. fig. 3, 4.)
Head black, orbits of the eyes white. Palpi striped with white.
Antenne black. Thorax greyish fawn-coloured. Anterior wings
of some new Species of Geometride. 115
above fawn-coloured, the base of the costa and the median ner-
vule cinnabar-coloured. Posterior wings cinnabar-coloured at the
base, the inner margin and the base furnished with some long
fawn-coloured hairs, the middle crossed by a broad band of a
reddish orange, narrowed near the costa; beyond this is a broad,
black, submarginal band, reaching from the outer to the inner
angle, sending out two short branches to the outer margin, and a
broad one to the tail; the outer margin cinnabar-coloured, inner
margin marked with a round black dot at the anal angle. The
under surface of the anterior wings is white at the base, marked
with three or four cinnabar-coloured vittee. The costa is yellow-
ish; the dise is crossed by a cinnabar-coloured band, becoming
narrower towards the inner margin, marked at the end of the cell
with a short white vitta; this band is followed by a white one,
extending from the costa to the anal angle ; beyond this band the
wings are of a cinnabar brown, freckled with ashy white, and
crossed by a band of the same colour. ‘The posterior wings have
the under surface white from the base beyond the middle, more
or less marked with narrow cinnabar-coloured lines, then follows
a rufous orange band, bordered externally near the outer angle
with greyish ash colour, and beyond this with black; the remain-
der of the wings is of a deep cinnabar hue, the outer margin with
three white lunules, separated by two black dots; the tip and
inner side of the tail each with a white dot, separated by a black
one, another white spot at the termination of the orange band, and
above this a black one. Legs greyish. Abdomen ash-coloured,
ringed with white.
This species is easily known from the preceding by the want of
the flexuous white band of the anterior, and the cinnabar-coloured
base of the posterior wing. The specimen figured Tab. XII. fig. 4,
I have considered only a variety of this species, but it possibly is
distinct from it. Above it has two slight transverse reddish bands,
beyond the middle of the anterior wings, which approximate as
they approach the anal angle, less red on the median nervure, and
a slight tinge of red on the sub-median ; the posterior wings have
a black dash on the anterior margin, and more black at the anal
angle than in the true Hr. Janthe. Below, the base of both wings
is more distinctly marked with cinnabar-brown vitte. If distinct,
I propose for it the name of Fr. Iphis.
Sp. 3. Er. Julia.
Er. Alis anticis fuscis, basi cervinis, fascia transversa media,
VOL. V. P
116 Mr. E. Doubleday’s Description
alba, hyalina ; posticis luteis, basi cervinis, fascia lata externe
dentata, submarginali nigra.
Exp. alar. 1 unc. 9 lin. vel 45 millim.
Hab. Venezuela. (Tab. XII. fig. 5, 5a.)
Head white, the forehead with two black lines uniting on the
vertex. Palpi white, lined with black. Antenne black exter-
nally, white internally. Thorax greyish ash or fawn-coloured,
with four black longitudinal lines, the prothorax white. Anterior
wings fuscous above, the base fawn-coloured, the disc crossed by
a semi-transparent whitish band, commencing on the costa beyond
the cell, and terminating almost in a point a little above the anal
angle. Posterior wings above bright luteous, the base fawn-
coloured, the outer margin with a rather broad black band, com-
mencing on the costa, occupying the outer angle, and terminating
at the anal angle, sending off a branch which terminates before
the end of the tail, and having two short teeth extending to the
outer margin. The inner margin has two dark spots about the
middle; the outer margin is bright luteous, except where touched
by the black of the submarginal band. The anterior wings have
the lower surface yellowish white at the base, with five longitu-
dinal cinnabar-coloured vitte, the inner margin pale fuscous, the
rest of the wing of a cinnabar hue crossed by two bands; the first
the white sub-diaphanous band, common to both surfaces, the
second nearer to the outer margin, narrower, pale ash colour.
Cilia fuscous. The posterior wings have the lower surface streaked
at the base with yellowish white, the middle crossed by a whitish
band, tinged with yellow, bordered with luteous yellow beyond
the second sub-costal nervule, bent almost at a right angle where
it crosses the first median nervule, terminating on the inner mar-
gin above a rounded black dot; near the outer angle is an abbre-
viated, slender, pale fascia, terminating before reaching the dis-
coidal nervule, beyond which are two or three small black clouds ;
the outer margin is marked with two black spots, and there are
two similar spots, one at the anal angle, one on the inner side of
the tail. Legs greyish. Abdomen ringed alternately with pale
greyish and fawn-coloured.
I have named this beautiful insect after the wife of one of the
most amiable and talented of French Entomologists. Those who
have read the Letires @ Julie will agree with me in the opinion
that there does not exist a better elementary work on Entomology,
and certainly none in which science is so delightfully intermingled
with love and poetry; and those who, like myself, have been ho-
of some new Species of Geometridae. 117
noured by the friendship of their author will know how to appre-
ciate the candour, the kindness, and the unaffected simplicity so
conspicuous in his writings.
Sect. 2.
Sp. 4. Er. Neera.
Er. Alis omnibus supra nigris, basi cervino-tinctis, anticis vitta
basali alba, fascia pone medium transversa, abbreviata dia-
phana, lineis duabus submarginalibus ochraceis; posticis vitta
media, maculisque marginalibus albis.
Exp. alar. 1 unc. 6 lin. vel 38 millim.
Hab. Bolivia. (Tab. XII. fig. 6.)
Head black, orbits of the eyes white, antenne black. Thorax
fawn-coloured. Anterior wings above fuscous black, the base
fawn-coloured, with a white dash below the median nervure, the
disc with an abbreviated and transparent fascia; beyond which, near
the costa, is a comma-shaped ochreous dot, from which proceed
two slender lines of the same colour, reaching about to the first
median nervule. Posterior wings above with a rather broad
white vitta, occupying the disc, and four white spots on the outer
margin. The under surface of both the anterior and posterior
wings is cinnabar-coloured, the base streaked with white, the
two ochreous lines of the anterior wings replaced by a band of
that colour, divided by an ash-coloured line. The posterior wings
have several discoidal, lunate white spots, and towards the margin
a flexuous, ochre-coloured band, divided by a grey line. Legs
ash-coloured. Abdomen fawn-coloured, ringed with white.
Sect. 3.
Sp. 5. Er. Cynthia. .
Er, Alis omnibus supra fuscis, anticis macula disci diaphana ;
posticis disco maculisque marginalibus albis.
Exp. alar. 1 unc. 1 lin. vel 26 millim.
Hab. Bolivia. (Tab. XII. fig. 7, 7a.)
Head black, orbits of the eyes white, antenne black. Thorax
black. Anterior wings above fuscous black, with a large diapha-
nous spot beyond the cell, divided by the discoidal and third
median nervules. Posterior wings fuscous black, the whole disc
occupied by a large white patch; the cilia black, spotted with
white. The lower surface of the anterior wings is varied with
cinnabar and ochre-colour, the former colour predominating on
118 Mr. E. Doubleday’s Description of Geometridae.
the costa and outer margin. The posterior wings of the males
have the inner margin reflexed, forming a semi-oval lobe, the ex-
terior surface of which is of a silvery white, the wings beyond
this lobe silvery white, with a small cinnabar spot opposite the
middle of the fold; the outer margin broadly cinnabar-coloured,
clouded with yellowish, the cilia spotted with white. Legs fuscous,
the tibiz and tarsi ringed with white. Abdomen black, with
white rings.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII.
Fig. 1. Erateina Zoraida, g.
la. op ” ” under surface.
2. Erateina Zoraida, 9.
3. Erateina Ianthe.
4, Erateina lanthe, Var.? (Er. Iphis.)
5. Erateina Julia.
5a. a »» under surface.
6. Erateina Neara. The base of the anterior wings is coloured
rather too dark. The specimen has been considerably rubbed
by the captor, but appears to have had rather more of the
fawn colour than the artist has represented.
7. Erateina Cynthia, @.
7a. 5 m »» under surface.
The generic details will be given on a future plate, with the
figures of the scales and hair of the posterior wings, of which I
hope soon to have a notice before the Society.
Mr. W. Wing’s Description of some Lepidoptera. 119
XXIX. Description of some Hermaphrodite British Lepi-
doptera, with Figures of the Insects. By William Wing,
Esq. (Pl. XIV. fig. 2—9.)
[Read July 3, 1848.]
Many instances have been recorded of insects that have exhibited
the characters of both sexes, as well in the colours and markings
on the wings and body as in the form of different parts; and as a
few specimens of these among the Lepidoptera have come to my
knowledge, I have thought it desirable that accurate figures and
descriptions of these specimens should also be published. I have
therefore drawn up short notices of their principal characters,
which I now beg to lay before the Society, presenting therewith a
plate of delineations of the insect.
Colias Edusa (F1. X1V. fig. 2). In this insect the left side is that
of the male, and the right side, as indicated by the size and form
of the wings, is female, further distinguished by the marginal
yellow spots in the anterior wing of that side.
This specimen was captured at Riddlesdown, near Croydon,
Surrey, August, 1847, and is now in the possession of 8. Stevens,
Esq.
Anthocharis Cardamines (P|. XIV. fig. 3). In this species the
characters of the two sexes are very conspicuous. The bright
orange spot on the left anterior wing strongly contrasts with the
clear colour of the right wing, which also has the black spot
the largest, as is always the case in the female. There is also a
striking difference in the relative sizes of the wings of the two
sides, the female being the largest.
This specimen was taken near London, and is now in the pos-
session of H, Doubleday, Esq., to whom I am indebted for the
loan of it, and also of the following specimen.
Smerinthus Populi (Pl. XIV. fig. 4). In this instance the left
antenna, wings and side of the body are most distinctly masculine,
while those of the right are of the other sex. ‘There is a marked
longitudinal line of distinction between the two sides on the dorsal
surface of the abdomen; and the colours and markings on the
wings are darker and more distinct on the left side, and are those
VOR. V. Q
120 Mr. W. Wine’s Description
peculiar to the male, while those on the wings of the right side are
as characteristic of the female; the antenna on the left side is
broad and densely pectinated as in the male, while that on the
right is narrow and setaceous. The abdomen of the male insect
of this species, as is well known, is always smaller in diameter
than in the female, and densely tufted at the anus, and this is pre-
cisely the case in that half of the specimen in question which
exhibits the characters of the former sex.
This specimen was taken at Witham, in Essex.
Diaphora Mendica (P}. XIV. fig. 5). This specimen has the
form of the wings, body and antennz of the male, but the colour
and markings of the female. The male of this species, as ento-
mologists are aware, is dark ash colour, with black spots, while
the female is cream colour, with similar markings, like the spe-
cimen figured.
Taken by Mr. Nicholas Cooke, near Dublin, June, 1842.
Orgyia Antiqua (Pl. XIV. fig. 6) is an imperfectly developed
hermaphrodite, which had not fully expanded the upper wing on
the right side, which in this case is that of the male, as shown by
the large pectinated antenna and the fully developed posterior
wing; the antennz on the left side being setaceous as in the
female, and the wings also rudimentary as in that sex.
It was reared by the late Mr. Henry Longley, from the larva,
and presented since his death to the British Museum.
Acronycta Aceris (Pl. XIV. fig. 7). The left side, together with
the whole of the body, is distinctly of the form and colour of the
male of this species, while the right wings have the colour and
fainter markings of the female.
It was reared from a pupa, and kindly presented to me by
E. Doubleday, Esq.
Biston Prodromaria (P1. XIV. fig. 8). The wings and whole of
the body appears to have the characters of the male, but the
right antenna is that of the female; the difference of wings in the
sexes of this species is scarcely to be perceived.
It was taken in Dunham Park, Cheshire, in April, 1840, by R.
Edleston, Esq., to whose kindness I am indebted for the oppor-
tunity of figuring it, and also of the following insect, and Diaphora
Mendica.
of some Hermaphrodite British Lepidoptera. 121
Nyssia Zonaria (Pl. XIV. fig. 9). The characters are entirely
those of the female, with the exception of the antenna on the left
side male; the rudiments of the wings are longer on the left side.
It was taken by Mr. B. Cooke, at New Brighton, March, 1838.
XXX. Extracts from a Paper by Zeller published in
the Linnea Entomologica, vol. 3, on the “ Leaf-mining
Tine, with Eye-Caps” (Augendeckeln), with Remarks
by H. T. Stainton, Esq.
[Read July 3, 1848.]
My object being to draw attention to the different species and
their habits, in order to lead to the discovery in this country of
those which are still unknown to us, I shall merely quote the
distinguishing characters of those species not previously described
as indigenous. Zeller’s paper includes the following genera:
Lyonetia, Phyllocnistis, Cemiostoma, Opostega, Bucculatrix, Nep-
ticula, Trifurcula, and Tischeria, corresponding to portions of our
genera Argyromiges, Microsetia, and Aphelosetia.
In his genus Lyonetia he has four species, two of which only
are known to us.
“Sp. 1. Clerckella, Linn.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 252.
Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 27—30.
This is the species described by me under this name in the
Zoologist, p. 2159, and identical with the awéuwmnella of Curtis, and
the nivella and semiaurella of Stephens, which latter is the variety
ereella of Treitschke.
‘“‘ This species is very widely dispersed, and probably abundant
in many places, but not sufficiently observed.
“The first specimens in the year I beat from birch in the first
days of May, but scarce and only the varieties. After that,
Clerckella flies from June through the whole of the summer and
autumn, I beat it abundantly from the wild apple and pear ; but
mostly from birch bushes.
“The variety @reella, not scarce in several places in Tuscany
in March, April and June (Mann).”
It appears thus, from Zeller and Mann’s observations, that the
variety creella (our semiaurella) occurs in the early spring in
March, April and May, but not the typical Clerckella; the same
Q 2
122 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts
thing has been observed in this country, and the specimens taken
in March and April have, I believe, always the appearance of
hybernated specimens. Several specimens of semiaurella were
beat out of fir-trees at West Wickham, by Messrs. Douglas and
Bedell at the end of March this year (1848).
“ Sp. 2. Prunifoliella, Hiibn.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 259.
This is the Clerckella of the Linnean Cabinet.
“‘ Certainly distinct from the preceding; larger, and distin-
guished by the oblique brown dorsal streak, curved posteriorly,
on the anterior wings, and the entirely differently-coloured apex
of the wing.”
“ Scarce, but widely dispersed ; I took one on the 7th of Au-
gust in a garden at Berlin, one near Glogau on the 7th July, on
a fence, and one on the 29th July, on the Reinerz Seefeldern,
(salt marshes ?) where, as far as I know, no Prunus grows.”
“Sp. 3. Padifoliella, Hiibn.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 261.
This species is described by me in the “ Zoologist,” p. 2160,
under this name; it is taken in the autumn at Whittlebury. It
appears much rarer on the continent; Zeller had only seen four
specimens, and states that he was greatly in doubt whether it was
not a variety of prunifoliella, in the same way as ereella, Tr. is
of Clerckella.
“* Mann took several specimens in June, 1835, near Reichstadt
in Bohemia, on Prunus padus; in the Prater, near Vienna, in July,
onelms.” ‘ Bouché bred it in Berlin from birch leaves.”
“ Sp. 4. Pulverulentella, F. v. R.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 263.
«« This species, of the size and form of the preceding, only with
the anterior wings rather broader, is distinguished by the want of
distinct markings, particularly by the pale apex of the wing.”
** The specimen in Fischer's Collection was from Bohemia; that
now before me, from Mann’s, was taken alone on an ash at Tivoli,
near Vienna, in June, 1842. Both specimens are males.”
In Zeller’s genus Phyllocnistis he has only two species, both
probably occurring in this country.
“Sp. 1. Suffusella, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 266.
Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 31—34.
“ Rather larger than saligna; differs from it by wanting the
from a Paper by Zeller on Tinee. 123
brown double line which springs from the base of the anterior
wings in the latter.”
“‘ This species occurs near Vienna (F. R.); in Italy (near Pra-
tovecchio in Tuscany, at the end of March, common—Mann),
where its food, without doubt, is the Lombardy poplar; and near
Berlin, Frankfort and Glogau (very abundant), and Warmbrunn in
Silesia. It flies, after having passed the winter in the pupa state,
not altogether scarce, in May, then abundant at the end of June,
and through the following months to the end of September, pro-
bably even in October. It frequents poplar woods, from the
boughs of which they are beaten morning and evening, and very
easily caught. They sit on leaves, stems of trees, and fences.”
‘Sp. 2. Saligna, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 270.
This species is described by me in the “ Zoologist,” p. 2158,
as the cerasifoliella of Htibner, and I there give as synonymes
Stephens’ wnipunctella, and Zeller’s figure of the preceding, not
being at all aware there were two species so closely allied. But
as Stephens makes no mention of the brown double line proceed-
ing from the base of the wings, his description cannot apply to
this species, and is more applicable to the preceding ; and Hub-
ner’s figure of cerasifoliella also wants the double lines, and is
probably identical with the preceding, therefore his name certainly
cannot be applied to this species, and that of Zeller’s must be re-
tained. Wood’s figure represents this species. We probably
have both species in this country, but I am not aware of having
seen any specimens of suffusella.*
“This species differs from the preceding in being smaller, and
especially by the brown double line, which goes from the base of
the anterior wings to the middle of the disk.
** This species is just as plentiful as the preceding, and flies on
calm, warm, or even cool evenings, at the end of April and in
May, then from the middle of June to late in the autumn. It
only flies among willow-bushes.”
In Zeller’s genus Cemiostoma he has three species, two of which
occur here.
“ Sp. 1. Spartifoliella, Hibn.” Linn, Ent. vol. 3, p. 273.
Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 35—39.
This is the species described by me, under this name, in the
* Zoologist,” p. 2158, and is the spartifoliella of Stephens, and
the punctaurella of Haworth.
* Since writing the above I have obtained a specimen of suffusella, which I
beat off a Lombardy poplar, at Lewisham, on the evening of the 25th of June.
124 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts
“ Sp. 2. Zancleella, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 277.
“‘ This species is considerably smaller than the preceding, and
easily distinguished from it by the want of the yellow costal streak
beyond the middle of the anterior wings.
“ Of Zancleella (placed, in my descriptions of Italian species, as
an Opostega without a name) I took two specimens near Messina
in March and April, which I took for our spartifoliella. The
place in which I beat them from the bushes of Arbutus unedo and
Cytisus triflorus, contains, as far as I recollect, no Spartium jun-
ceum. Probably this scarce species feeds on the Cytisus.”
“Sp. 3. Scitella, Metzn.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 278.
This species, the Clerckella of Stephens, is described by me
under the name of scitella, in the Zoologist, p. 2157.
In Zeller’s genus Opostega (as now restricted), he has four spe-
cies, of which two are known to us.
“ Sp. 1. Salaciella, Tischer.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 280.
Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 42, 43.
This species is briefly described by me in the Zoologist, p.
2081, in a note. It is the cygnipennella of Mr. Bentley’s and
many other cabinets.
« This is easily recognized in this genus by the spotless, snow-
white anterior wings. It would be most readily confounded with
the ¢ LHlach. cygnipennella, which, being generally smaller than
its ¢, comes very near to salaciella in size; but the quite simple
antenne of cygnipennella, not being provided with an enlarged
joint at the base, readily distinguish it.”
** Salaciella, discovered near Dresden by Tischer, is very
scarce near Nixdorf, in Bohemia, and also occurs, according to
Treitschke, near Vienna; and, according to Herrich Schaffer, near
Ratisbon.”
“ Sp. 2. Reliquella, Z.” Linn. Ent, vol. 3, p. 282.
** Hitherto I had considered a single female as a variety of
crepusculella, in which the spot at the apex of the wing was
wanting ; however, the streaks in the middle of the costa and
inner margin are also wanting, and the yellowish transverse streak
at the apex is nearly straight. Besides, I have since obtained a
male similarly marked, so that I can no longer doubt its being a
distinct species. Crepusculella and auritella are easily recog-
from a Paper by Zeller on Tinee. 125
nized by the black spot at the apex of the anterior wings. Sala-
ciella has not a yellowish transverse streak; and the yellowish
tint, though certainly in the same place as in reliquella, is very
indistinct, and only visible in certain lights.”
““T took my very beautiful 2 near Glogau, on the 20th of
June, on a grassy slope under aspen trees: my equally fine ¢ near
Reinerz, on an open grass-plat, on the 16th of July, thus much
later than the female.”
“ Sp. 3. Auritella, Hibn.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 283.
Not the auritella of Stephens (which is the next species), and
I believe not hitherto detected in this country.
‘* Size of the largest salaciella, easily distinguished from this
and the second and fourth species, by the rather large brown
inner marginal spot on the anterior wings.”
* I obtained a pair from Mecklenburg.” ‘ A single ? was
taken near Frankfort-on-the-Oder on the 25th of June, ina field,
on a thistle,”
“Sp. 4. Crepusculella, F. v. R.” Linn, Ent. vol. 3, p. 284.
Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 40, 41.
This is the auritella of Stephens, and Wood’s figure 1416 re-
presents the species very distinctly.
“This species occurs near Reichstadt, in Bohemia, where,
according to F. v. R.’s notice, it flies in July, on the margins of
ponds, from half-past seven to eight, neither earlier nor later.
Near Glogau I found it in moist shady places in alder or other
leafy woods, in the second half of June and in July, always scarce
and singly, yet not always at twilight, but in cloudy weather also
in the afternoon. [t keeps quite low in grass and weeds.”
In Zeller’s genus Bucculatrix he has nine species, five of which
are decidedly British.
“ Sp. 1. Cidarella, Tischer.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 287.
“« Easily distinguished in this genus by the brown anterior
wings, with two pair of whitish opposite spots.”
I must confess to some uneasy doubts, whether this be not
identical with my Demaryella (Zoologist, p. 2157); but on a very
close examination of my single specimen, I have been unable to
discover any eye-caps, but the hairs of the head are so long, it is
quite possible they may be there, but concealed: the hinder tibiz
126 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts
are certainly clothed with long hairs, as Zeller describes cida-
rella; but he makes no mention of an indistinct basal streak, and
in the disposition of the spots there are several discrepancies. His
insect frequents alders in May, June and July.
“This little known species occurs in Bohemia very rarely
(F. v. R.); in Saxony, near Schandau, (Tischer); near Glogau,
on alder bushes, in May, and the beginning of June, scarce; pro-
bably also in July, in Prussia, near Dantzic, (Tiedemann) ; and
in Livonia, at Kohenhusen, (Lienig); in Tuscany, near Prato-
vecchio, at the beginning of June, on the stems of alders,
(Mann).”
“ Sp. 2. Ulmella, Mann.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3. p. 288.
This is the species described by me as Sircomella, in the Zoo-
logist, p. 2162. As this description was only published on the Ist
of July, and Zeller’s description is already published, and in this
country (June 13th), Sircomella must sink, and the name of
ulmella be retained. This is the cuculipennella, var. 6 of Ha-
worth.
“Sp. 3. Crategi, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 290.
This is the species described by me in the Zoologist, p. 2161,
under the name of crategifoliella, and is the cuculipennella var.
y of Haworth.
“ Sp. 4. Boyerella, Dup.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 291.
Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 44—46.
This is the species described by me under this name in the
Zoologist, p. 2161, and is the cuculipennella of Haworth and
Stephens.
«Sp. 5. Gnaphaliella, Tr.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 293.
* On the whole resembles the preceding, but readily distin-
guished by the concolorous, brownish-grey antennz.” In Boyer-
ella they are white, with brown annulations.
“« This species occurs near Dresden, abundant near Berlin and
Glogau, in sandy places, amongst Gnaphalium arenarium. It ap-
pears first at the end of May, and in June and July, and again at
the end of August and in September. In the day they sit con-
cealed at the foot of the plants, but at evening or in rainy weather
it is easily beaten out.”
from a Paper by Zeller on Tinee. 127
“ Sp. 6. Frangulella, Goeze.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 295.
This is the species described by me, (Zoologist, p. 2160,) as
rhamnifoliella, Tischer, (described by Fischer), which name, how-
ever must sink, Goeze’s name having priority by more than forty
years. Goeze does not describe the species himself, but refers to
De Geer’s description and figure. The name, as it appears in his
Entom. Beitrage, vol. 4, p. 169, is frangutella, which is evidently
a misprint for frangulella.
“‘ Sp. 7. Hippocastanella, Dup.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 297.
This is the éléella, Dale, (in litteris), and has not yet been
described as British. Mr. Dale took his specimens in Leigh
Woods, near Bristol, May 20th, 1845, flying amongst limes.
‘‘ The fine brown long line on the yellow anterior wings, from
the middle to the apex of the wing, well distinguishes this
species.”
“‘ This species is very abundant near Berlin, on old chesnut
trees and limes.” ‘I found it solitarily near Glogau, in a wood,
and at Probsthainer Spitzberge; in both places only on lime
trees.” © It oceurs in Silesia, also near Warmbrunn.” “ In Li-
vonia, where Madame Lienig found the larve on limes, birches,
and alders.” ‘The perfect insect flies in May and June, and
must, since Madame Lienig observed a second brood of the larva,
fly a second time in July and August.”
“ Sp. 8. Nigricomella, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 299.
Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 47.
«The very shiny, nearly bronze-coloured anterior wings, and
the black hairs on the head, are peculiar to this among all its
congeners.”
I was at first strongly inclined to imagine this our atricapitella,
but the size, “ nearly the size of gnaphaliella,” (which latter
species Zeller compares to Boyerella,) appears to me an insur-
mountable objection; added to which, Zeller says, “‘ Antennz
brownish, with the apex whitish,” a peculiarity that atricapitella
does not possess.
‘© Scarce in Bohemia, near Nixdorf and Reichstadt, in woods, in
June and August; near Glogau likewise it is not abundant;
Madame Lienig also took it in Livonia in May ; Mann took three
specimens near Pisa, on the 19th May, on dry grass-plats.”
128 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts
“Sp. 9. Cristatella, F. v. R.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 300.
“ Its concolorous dirty-grey, smooth anterior wings distinguish
our cristatella in this genus; the structure of the antenne dis-
tinguishes it from the much darker Tischeria gaunacella; its much
smaller eye-caps, its smooth face and its narrower anterior wings,
separate it from Trifurcula immundella.”
“It flies in May, on sandy places overgrown with weeds ;
scarce, near Glogau, and easily overlooked, from its keeping so
near the ground. On the 7th of May, 1841, towards evening, I
fell in with a small company, which were swarming at one .spot
in the short grass. On one blade of grass sat a pair in copula,
around which the remainder were flying. Whilst I had hardly
pinned a pair of them, the whole company were as if blown away,
and, notwithstanding a diligent search, I found no more.”
I now come to Zeller’s genus Nepticula, which includes nearly
all our small Microsetie (that genus being very readily divisible
into three sections, of which quadrella, aurella and Pfeifferella
may be considered the types — the aurella section forming the
genera Nepticula and T'rifurcula of Zeller).
These insects, from their extreme smallness and the consequent
difficulty of pinning and setting them, have hitherto been very
much neglected in this country ; indeed, till last year, very many
of our collections had only one or two species. Our knowledge
of them is therefore very limited, and this paper of Zeller’s will be
most useful in assisting us rightly to separate species and unite
the sexes. Zeller has thirteen species of Nepticula.
“ Sp. 1. Samiatella, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 303.
“ Alis anterioribus flavo-virenti-zeneis, apice violascentibus ;
antennarum conchula flavida, capillis maris nigris, feminee
ferrugineis.
* Known by the concolorous, clear-green bronzy anterior wings,
which are violet posteriorly.” Zeller gives as synonymes “ ¢ Mi-
crosetia atricapitella, Haw.— 2 Microsetia ruficapitella, Haw.”
Now to this I cannot agree. Aéricapitella and ruficapitella, I
firmly believe, are distinct species; if I am not mistaken I have
taken more than one pair of atricapitella in copula on a low fence
near Beckenham ; moreover I appear to have both sexes of both
species; besides, ruficapitella is much the commoner, atricapitella
being a rare or probably local species, whereas were it the male
of ruficapitella it should be commoner, or at least equally com-
from a Paper by Zeller on Tine. 129
mon. I take both species on the stems of oaks, but atricapitella
only rarely. ‘Samiatella seems very scarce, according to Zeller’s
remarks. ‘ This small species is still very scarce ; I took a single
one near Glogau, in May, on a leaf, in the sunshine, on the lower
branch of an oak; here it ran quickly on the upper side of the
leaf, here and there, and appeared to seek the honey dew.”
** On the 9th of May, 1847, I found a male in a garden, where
it flew from the bark of a thick chesnut tree into my forceps, and
ran about very briskly. I saw a female from the neighbourhood
of Warmbrunn, in. Silesia. Mann found this species in June,
near Reichstadt, in Bohemia, and near Vienna; also in Tuscany,
near Leghorn and Montenero, on elms, in April.” “ From Bouché
I obtained five specimens, decidedly belonging here, all males.”
* Sp. 2. Subnilidella, F. v. R.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 305.
* Alis anterioribus fuscis, apice violaceis ; posterioribus fla-
vidis cinereo-ciliatis; capillis nigris, conchula antennarum
fuscescentium exalbida (1 ¢ Mus. Mann).
** Distinguished from all the species in this genus, except the
male rufella, by the yellowish posterior wings, but from this
readily distinguished by the deep black head.”
* This flies near Vienna, among young ash trees, in May, very
scarce (Mann).”
Iam not aware that this species has been observed in this
country.
“ Sp. 3. Aurella, Fab.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 306.
* Alis aureis, apice violaceo, fascia postica argyrea (in fem.
utrimque violaceo-inclusa); capillis maris atris, fem, ferru-
gineis ; conchula antennarum fuscescentium pallida (alis
posterioribus maris pilosquamatis).”
* In this species also the anterior wings are shining violet at
the apex, but towards the base golden or bronze, and posteriorly
is a broad, silvery, somewhat of a yellowish tint, thence almost
golden fascia. Lemmniscella has, instead of a golden yellow colour
between the fascia and the base of the wings, only a shining yel-
lowish brown colour, and centifoliella has it of a violet brown.”
‘«‘ T have not found this species common near Glogau; it occurs
in May, on the trunks of elms, in the crevices in the bark, from
which it is difficult to get it out and catch it. I received two ¢
as gratiosella from Vienna, F.R., where it appears not to be
scarce.”
130 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts
Among his synonymes Zeller gives posticella, Stephens (he
should have said Haworth), the character of which appears to be
the base of the anterior wings being of a silvery brown. This de-
scription of colour is so very unsatisfactory, and as Haworth him-
self says, ‘‘ A variety of the following (aurella) or merely an old
specimen ;” and as his description, which is the one copied by
Mr. Stephens, was made from only a single specimen, I think we
may safely sink the name posticella. I am well aware that there is a
very general idea that in posticedla the silver fascia is placed more
posteriorly than in auredla; the name certainly would seem to
imply something of this kind, but Haworth makes no comparison
whatever between the two species—his description of aurella
being merely a copy of the Fabrician description. Zeller seems
also to include with this species an insect which is in many col-
lections as pygmeella (though hardly the pygmeella of Haworth,
which appears to have been a small specimen of rujficapitella, as
he makes not the slightest allusion to a silvery fascia), and which
appears to me identical with the ¢ gratiosella, F. v. R. figured
in Duponchel (Supp. pl. 77, fig. 4), and which I cannot but think
a distinct species ; it is little more than half the size of ordinary
specimens of aurella, and frequents hawthorn bushes in May,
flying in the sunshine about the twigs like gnats.
In this insect the anterior wings are of a paler golden at the
base than in aurella, the fascia is nearer the apex and much
straighter, and the head is black apparently in both sexes. The
specimens which I have in my collection as aurella have all red-
dish heads, yet one of them appears to be a male; but I believe I
have seen specimens apparently of the same insect with black
heads.
Note.—Since writing the above I have examined Haworth’s
original specimens of the Microsetie@, in the collection of the
Entomological Society, and find that my conjecture as to pyg-
meella and violaceella being identical with ruficapitella is con-
firmed. His posticella appears distinct from aurella, and the
fascia is placed more posteriorly and is straighter, but neither of
these characters are mentioned in his description, so that I am
still of opinion the name should sink.”
“Sp. 4. Lemniscella, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 313.
*“‘ Alis anterioribus nitide brunneis, apice violaceo, fascia postica
argyrea; capillis (¢ et 9?) ferrugineis, conchula antennarum
albida,
“¢ After having removed, in my collection, as females of the
from a Paper by Zeller on Tinea. 131
preceding, a pair which previously I had considered as this, I pos-
sess only two lemniscella, as a probably distinct species, and have
two of Metzner’s specimens for comparison. This lemniscella is
so like the preceding, that I shall merely mention the difference.
The anterior wings, to the naked eye blackish or brown, are under
alens yellonish brown to the fascia, darkest on the costa, with faint
lustre, and without any mixture of violet or purple colouring.
The fascia is in my small decided female very narrow, and placed
obliquely. Posterior legs with thinner tibize shining clear grey.
Antenne of this specimen brown, on the underside shining yel-
lowish. In the second specimen, which is pasted, and of which
I cannot recognize the sex, they are throughout yellowish.
‘** The two specimens from Metzner, rather larger than mine, I
can only consider as one species, although the one is considered
as lemniscella, the other as hemargyrella. The only difference
they show is, that in demniscella, Metzn., the fascia on the anterior
wings is yellower, and is posteriorly emarginated in the middle,
and that the posterior wings are darker coloured on the surface
and also the cilia. Both appear to me to be males; the abdomen
with one especially is quite thin and flat, and in both it ends with
a yellowish anal tuft, which divides into two longer little tufts.
Their hairs-of-the-head are pale yellow, the eye-caps as usual, the
antenne greyish yellow and shining. On the anterior wings the
cilia from the upper to the lower end of the fascia are clear grey ;
but on their basal half lie broad violet-brown scales, darker at
the end, radiating at the apex of the wing, and there this is some-
what recurved, and in shade is black, so that it makes it appear
as an ocellus. (In my specimens these scales are wanting, and
the cilia pass gradually from the brown tint to gray.) These
belong truly, as males, to demniscella, so this is certainly a dis-
tinct species from the preceding, differing in the males by the
colour of the hairs of the head.”
* Lemniscella is scarce near Glogau on the trunks of elms: of
Metzner’s specimens, one hemargyrella is from Steyermark, the
other from Silesia.”
“ Sp. 5. Centifoliella, V. Heyden.” Linn, Ent. vol. 3, p. 315.
** Alis anterioribus violascenti-fuscis nitidulis, fascia postica ar-
gyrea; capillis ¢ nigris, @ ferrugineis; conchula antenna-
rum pallida parva.”
“This very small species differs from lemniscella by the ante-
rior wings from the base being brownish, and with rather a violet
132 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts
tint, which is only a little increased beyond the fascia,—from the
larger following species by the much livelier tint of the fascia,
which with it is also placed further towards the apex of the
wing.”
“ One ¢, two @ agreeing in size, I received from Von Heyden,
from the neighbourhood of Frankfort-on-the-Main, where the
insect was bred in April, May, and August, from the leaves of
the garden rose. Bouché takes it in his garden, at Berlin, some-
times very abundant, and certainly double-brooded.”
I believe this species is the awrella var. ¢ of Haworth, and
exists in several cabinets; I have it, placed as the nigrociliclla of
Stephens, (which however it cannot be, as that insect must be
closely allied to swbbimaculella, if indeed it be a distinct species),
and Mr. Bedell has it under the same name; and, early in June,
this summer, I took several specimens off a low fence near Beck-
enham: the violet tint at the base of the anterior wings readily
distinguishes it from its congeners.
“ Sp. 6. Argentipedella, Z.” Linn, Ent. vol. 3, p. 316.
*‘ Alis anterioribus fuscis, violaceo-nitidulis, fascia paulo post
medium alba; capillis ¢ nigris, 2 ferrugineis; conchula an-
tennarum exalbida majore.”
** Larger than the preceding, sometimes much larger, with very
peculiarly expanded eye-caps, and on the anterior wings, placed
more towards the base, with a shining white, not silvery, fascia,
by which it differs from aurella, lemniscella and centifoliella.”
“ In the very fine pair which I have here described, and with
which eleven specimens received from Bouché agree, the brown-
ish-violet scales on the cilia at the apex of the anterior wings pass
without any distinct margin into brown, but this suddenly into
clear grey; so that the scales are wanting which, radiating from
the apex of the wing, present the appearance of an ocellus. The
male I took on the 17th of May, the female on the 25th of May,
both in birch woods near Glogau.”
*‘ This species mines in the birch leaves near Berlin (according
to Bouché).
This is the medio-fasciella of Haworth; but 1 much doubt
whether Haworth’s description is sufficiently precise to enable his
name to stand. He says, ‘“ Priori* simillima at minor, alis anticis
* The preceding to which he alludes, wnifasciella, is, it appears to me, a faded
specimen of the species called, in this country, Albinella: the head is entirely
wanting, and the wings are very much wasted.
from a Paper by Zeller on Tinea. 133
atris, fascia argentea magis in medio, et certo situ lente aliquan-
talum interrupta. Posticee latiores quam in priore saturatiores,
seu nigro-plumbee.”’
The aliquantulum interrupta gives one of the most decisive cha-
racters of the species, and Haworth’s original specimen is fortu-
nately in very fine condition, and shows this character well.
“ Sp. 7. Argyropeza, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 320.
Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 49, 50.
* Alis anterioribus grosse nigricanti-squamatis, postice viola-
scenti-subnitidulis, apice rotundato, albido-ciliato, maculis
duabus mediis oppositis albidis; capillis ferrugineis; con-
chula exalbida.”
“©? Var. 6. major; macula costali alarum anteriorum apici
propiori.”
“©? Var. ¢. major; strigula ex costa prope basim obliqua dor-
soque basali albidis, ceterum ut 0.”
-“ Distinct from all the preceding by the head of the male being
similarly coloured to the female. Besides, the anterior wings,
which appear widened and rounded posteriorly, have in the middle
two, not sharply defined, whitish opposite spots; and in the larger
and questionable variety c, another oblique whitish spot on the
costa near the base.”
“1 found this species very abundant on the trunks of aspens
on the fortifications of this place, on the smooth bark of which
they sat, and were easily caught; elsewhere, I have beaten it
from the leaves of young aspens. I know not whether I took the
varieties b, and in company with the ordmary small specimens.—
Period of flight, May. It is probably widely dispersed. It is
taken abundantly near Dantzig, by Von Tiedemann (I have be-
fore me, from him, a wasted but very recognizable ¢ of var. c.)
Madam Lienig took it in Livonia; F. v. R. not scarce in Bo-
hemia.”
This species comes very near to the subbimaculella of Haworth,
but appears to me distinct, for the following reasons, Ist, in sub-
bimaculella the base of the wing is very generally yellowish,
broadest on the inner margin. 2nd, the spots, though placed
apparently in the same position, are yellowish, not whitish. (Ha-
worth must have had a bad specimen before him when he said
“ silvery ;”’ his original specimen labelled by him is by no means
a fine one.) 3rd. The cilia at the apex of the wing are also yel-
134 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts
lowish; whereas, in argyropeza, Zeller says, “ Cilia clear-grey,
scarcely tinted, a little yellowish.” 4th. Our insect swarms on oaks
in June; his frequents aspens in May. The second and third
of these differences are commented on by Zeller in a note; but he
says, “ the third and weightiest arises from the want of certainty
that this subbimaculella is a Nepticula, since the genus Microsetia
contains smooth-headed and rough-headed species,—species with
and species without the enlarged basal joint of the antenne ; and
in no species does Stephens inform us of the nature of the parts
of the head.”
“Sp. 8. Intimella, Z.” Linn, Ent. vol. 3, p. 323.
“ Alis anterioribus violaceo-fuscis, macula dorsi medii argentea,
ciliis externe canis; capillis ferrugineis; antennis cum con-
chula exalbidis.”
“A single female, the size of a small argyropeza, and very
similar to the female of that species. Ground-colour of the ante-
rior wings dark violet brown, the cilia at the apex encompassed
with a dark ring of scales. The specific distinctions appear to be
the following: the costal spot is wanting on the anterior wings,
as also the other spot; only, the inner marginal spot is here,
nearly triangular, placed on the margin in its usual situation, but
shining silvery white, &c.”
“I took this single specimen near Glogau; but I know nothing
further about it.’’*
“Sp. 9. Hemargyrella, Koll.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, 323.
“‘ Alis anterioribus exalbidis nitidulis, apice fusco-violaceo ;
capillis pallidis ; antennis fuscescentibus, conchula exalbida.”
« Smaller than argyropeza, easily known from it, since the an-
terior wings are yellowish white from the base to rather beyond
the middle.
«I took this scarce species in May twice on the trunks of
aspens on the fortifications of this place; I saw a single specimen
from the neighbourhood of Laubau, and two others from the
Riesengebirge. Besides it occurs near Vienna in beech woods.
Closely allied apparently to floslactella of Haworth, but in that
species is a distinct black fascia across the yellowish portion of
* Mr. Sircom met with this species among sallows, near Brislington, about
the middle of June, this year.
from a Paper by Zeller on Tinee. 135
the anterior wings, near the middle, of which Zeller makes not the
slightest mention.
** Norr.—I find that Haworth’s jfloslactella, var. 3, wants the
black fascia above alluded to, and is probably therefore identical
with hemargyrella.
“Sp. 10. Sertcopeza, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 325.
Vol. i. pl. 2, f. 48.
‘* Alis anterioribus fuscis, basi, fascia curva media maculisque
duabus oppositis posticis pallidis; capillis ferrugineis, con-
chula albida, antennis fuscescentibus.”
“‘ The size of var. 6 and c of Nept. argyropeza, known by the
yellowish fascia, and the posterior opposite spots of the anterior
wings. The much smaller trimaculella” (he means cursoriella)
‘* wants the fascia, and has only a yellowish streak from the base
along the inner margin. Assimilella is likewise much smaller,
and has, instead of the fascia, a discoidal spot, which is almost
connected with the yellowish base.
“ The equally small rufella has, instead of the yellowish fascia,
near the basal third of the wing clear yellow; but is especially
distinguished from all other species of Nepticula by the red abdo-
men of the male.”
** Occurs in the neighbourhood of Berlin and Vienna. Many
specimens are taken on the trunks of trees in the Thiergarten at
Berlin. Near Vienna, Mann finds it on garden palings under
acacias, in the Prater on maple, first in May, then in July and
August. He took it also near Salviano in Tuscany on maple, at
the beginning of May.”
“This species is also closely allied to floslactella. Indeed
Jloslactella seems exactly intermediate between this and the pre-
ceding, having a dark fascia, which Hemargyrella wants, and
wanting the dark patch (between the yellow base and yellow me-
dial fascia) of sericopeza.
“ Sp. 11. Cursoriella, Heyden.” Linn, Ent. vol. 3, p. 326.
*« Alis anterioribus fuscis, striola dorsi ex basi prodeunte macu-
lisque duabus posticis oppositis flavidis; capillis ferrugineis ;
conchula exalbida, antennis fuscescentibus. (1 2 Mus.
Mann.)” :
“‘ Only a single but very beautiful female, communicated from
V. Heyden to Mann. It appears very like my ¢ of argyropeza,
R
136 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts
which it also resembles in size; but on the anterior wings of
cursoriella the two spots lie more obliquely to one another, and
its inner margin at the base is yellow. ‘The likewise very similar
assimilella wants the inner marginal streak, which also has a
yellowish spot on the disk.
‘© At Frankfort-on-the-Main (V. Heyden) and at Vienna in
the Prater, on fences in June. (Mann.)”
I should have said undoubtedly this was the subbimaculella of
Haworth; but that Zeller says “ cilia clear grey.” The yellow
base (which is so frequently continued on the inner margin), the
yellow spots placed obliquely to one another, are here fully de-
scribed; but Zeller says cilia clear grey (hell grau). Now in
our species they are the same colour as the spots, yellowish.
Zeller gives, as a doubtful synonyme, ¢rimaculella, Haworth,
Steph. Now in the first place the trimaculella of Stephens is not
the trimaculelia of Haworth: it is quite true that Mr. Stephens
has copied Haworth’s description, but he has added to it four
nords, which will not apply to Haworth’s species. At the same
time the remainder of Haworth’s description will hardly apply to
any other species ; so that the description in the Illustrations being
a patchwork concern, half applying to one species and half to
another, is good for nothing. The trimaculella of Haworth is the
rufella of Zeller; and Haworth’s name, having priority, must
stand.
Haworth says (Lepidop. Brit. 583, 82):
« Alis atris, stria lata basi, maculisque duabus posticis flavi-
cantibus.
‘** Habitat forte in populo. Imagoi. Jul. Populi truncis, at raris-
sime. Exemplarium unicum quod cepi sedentem solum vidi.
“ Expansio alarum 2 lin.
* Descriptio: preecedentibus minor. Alz antice atree, strid
latissima emarginata, a basi fere ad medium lutescente, maculisque
duabus posticis oppositis marginalibus fere confluentibus flave-
scentibus.”
Stephens says (Illustr. 4, 267) :
“« Alis anticis atris, stria lata basi, maculisque duabus posticis
flavicantibus.
«* Anterior wings deep black, with a very broad emarginated
yellowish streak, reaching from the base to near the middle or
THE INNER MARGIN, and two spots towards the apex, placed one
on the costa, the other towards the hinder angle and sometimes
nearly confluent: posterior wings dusky black.”
“ Rare: found at the beginning of July in the vicinity of Lon-
don, in gardens.”
from a Paper by Zeller on Tinea. 137
Notr.—This is unfortunately not an isolated instance of Ha-
worth’s good descriptions being spoilt by the interpolation or ad-
dition of two or three words by Mr. Stephens. And Mr. Ste-
phens must not be surprised at continental entomologists criticising
severely his Illustrations, which were written, especially the Micro-
Lepidoptera, in much less time than is absolutely necessary for
the examination of these minute insects. English entomologists,
who have access to Mr. Stephens, are aware that he really does
know a very great deal about insects, and far more than any one,
from studying his Illustrations, could imagine; but foreign ento-
mologists have not the same means of satisfying themselves upon
this point, and therefore Mr. Stephens must excuse their passing
harsh judgments upon him,
“ Sp. 12. Assimilella, Metzn.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 327.
** Alis anterioribus fuscis, basi, macula disci prope eam macu-
lisque duabus posticis oppositis exalbidis ; capillis ferrugineis;
conchula albida, antennis fuscescentibus. (Specim. 2, Mus.
Metzn.)”
“« The size of argyropeza @ differs from that in the yellowish-
white spots on the anterior wings being placed more posteriorly,
and by the presence of a large pale spot on the disk near the base.
Sericopeza is slightly larger, and has, instead of this spot, a fascia.
Rufella ¢ has the entire base, as a very large spot, yellowish.”
«A fine female, and a specimen which wants the posterior
wings and abdomen (so that I can only suspect it to be a female),
were sent me by Metzner to describe; both are from Vienna.”
In possessing three spots on the anterior wings, this offers some
resemblance to Bedell’s quinquella (Zoologist, p. 1986), but in
that insect the odd spot is near the apex; in assimilella it is near
the base; besides all the gquinquella, I have seen, have the head
black, whereas assimilella has it reddish.
“Sp. 13. Rufella, Z. (Scop.?)” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 328.
“ Alis anterioribus fuscis, basi tale maculisque duabus posticis
oppositis pallidis; abdomine pedibusque maris vitellinis,
feminze cinerascentibus.”
‘Very distinct in the male sex, by the egg-yellow coloured ab-
domen, as in Psecad. echiella; the female is known, in this genus,
by the large pale-yellow spot which proceeds from the base of
the anterior wings, and takes up nearly the whole breadth of the
wing.”
R 2
138 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts
‘*This scarce species occurs near Glogau, where I took three
specimens, one of which is a female, beating them out of an elm
bush in the middle of May; also near Reichstadt, in Bohemia,
(F. R.), and near Vienna (Metzner). If Scopoli’s Phal. rufella
be identical with my species it occurs also near Laybach.”
I do not think Scopoli’s description is sufficiently precise: he
says—‘“ Anterior wings dirty ashy-grey ; body and legs red; pos-
terior wings very narrow.” He makes no mention of any spots on
the wings. His description of the “ body and legs red” answers
exceedingly well for the male of this species ; and had he omitted
to mention the anterior wings altogether I should have considered
his name entitled to stand, but as it is I think there cannot be two
opinions about the propriety of sinking it.
Haworth’s trimaculella (see description among the remarks on
cursoriella) is manifestly this species, which is found sparingly
near London on the trunks of poplars in May and July, and his
name will stand.
Zeller alludes (p. 330) to some other species of Microsetia of
Stephens, which may belong to this genus; viz. floslactella, viola-
ceella, pygmeella, and sericiella. Floslactella and pygmeella I
have already alluded to: violaceella (described by Haworth from
a single specimen) I conceive to be a fine specimen of ruficapi-
tella: sericiella has nothing whatever to do with this genus, nor
even with the genus Elachista, and is, I believe, identical with the
Tinagma saltatricella, figured in Duponchel’s Supp. vol. iv. pl. 86.
fig. 12.
In Zeller’s genus Trifurcula he has two species.
“ Sp. 1. Pallidella, F.v.R.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 332.
Vol. i. pl. 2, figs. 51, 52.
« Alis anterioribus exalbidis, obscurius grosse squamatis ; pos-
terioribus cinerascentibus, exalbido-ciliatis.”
“ Larger than the following, size of Cemi. spartifoliella ; wings
silky ; the anterior very pale yellowish-white on both sides; on
the upper side with coarse very pale ochreous scales, more nume-
rous towards the apex.”
** Mann discovered this scarce insect, and took it in May and
June, near Tivoli, where it flew heavily among long grass late in
the evening; also near Pisa it frequented the long grass, mixed
with low bushes, in the marshes.”
from a Paper by Zeller on Tinea. 139
“ Sp. 2. Immundella, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 332.
** Alis anterioribus nitidulis, albido-griseis, obscurius grosse
squamatis ; posterioribus griseo-ciliatis.”
** Distinguished from the larger preceding species by its dirty
grey but rather shining colour; from Buccul. cristatella by the
lighter-coloured, coarsely-scaled anterior wings,” “‘ the possession
of a tongue and a quite different neuration of the wings.”
‘This is abundant near Reichstadt, in Bohemia, on oaks, in
July (F. R.). I took it once at Glogau, towards sunset, on the
8th of June, in a birch wood on Spartium scoparium, in company
with Anarsia spartiella and Cemiostoma spartifoliella. Mann ob-
tained some specimens from Spartium, in Tuscany, among the
Apennines, near Pratovecchio.”
This insect is in several cabinets as the pulverella of Bentley,
but I believe has never been described; Bentley's name will
therefore sink and Zeller’s be retained. Zeller first described
this in the Isis, 1839.
Zeller’s genus Tischeria contains five species, two of which
only are known to us, and form part of the genus 4phelosetia of
Stephens.
“Sp. 1. Complanella, Hiibn.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 335.
Vol. i. pl. 2, figs. 53—57.
This is the rufipennis of Haworth, the rufipennella of Stephens,
and abounds on oaks in May and June.
Haworth, however, gives unhesitatingly as a synonyme Tinca
rufipennella, Hiib., which is aGracillaria! and in Stephens’ descrip-
tion is an important error; instead of ‘‘apex palest” it should be
“apex darkest,” as indeed the Latin diagnosis shows: the fulve-
scens of Stephens (Illust. 4, 289) is also this species.
“Sp. 2. Ricciardella, Costa.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 337.
Zeller merely alludes to Costa’s figure and description of this
insect (Faun. Neapol. Tin. p. 16, No. 14, tab. 3, fig. 7), which do
not agree with one another. Zeller had not, I believe, ever seen
the species.
“Sp. 3. Emyella, Dup.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 338.
Undoubtedly the Recurvaria marginea of Haworth, the Aphelo-
setia marginea of Stephens; neither of these authors, however,
make any allusion to the dark spot at the anal angle of the ante-
rior wings. ‘This species is common here in May among oaks,
but seems to occur in Germany only very rarely.
140 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts
“Sp. 4. Gaunacella, F. R.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 338.
*“‘ Alis anterioribus virescenti-fuscis, nitidulis, palpis flavidis.”
Rather larger than the former, but much smaller than the fol-
lowing, and distinguished from it by the narrower anterior wings,
and their pale colour without any violet tint. It resembles Buccu-
latrix nigricomella in the anterior wings, but this has a deep black
tuft of hair on the head, and a large clear-yellow eye-cap, and the
consideration of the structure of the antenne always readily dis-
tinguishes this and other more remote concolorous greenish brown
species from our Tischeria.
“ The single female in my collection is the same size as the two
males, and a somewhat violet, Jess yellowish tint of the anterior
wings and concolorous antenne.
* Mann discovered this species at Vienna; he took it also near
Pratovecchio, in Tuscany, on sloe bushes, in the middle of June.”
“Sp. 5. Angusticollella, Heyden.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 339.
* Alis anterioribus latiusculis, cupreo-fuscis, nitidulis, costa ex
basi chalybea, antennis apice albido.”
“In size this comes next to complanella; differs from the pre-
ceding in the broader, pale coppery brown anterior wings, with
the costa steel-coloured, and the whitish apices of the antenne.”’
** This species was first discovered at Frankfort-on-the-Maine.
From the discoverer Heyden I received a pair bred from the
larve. The larva, the same form as that of complanella, mines in
rose-leaves. Schlager found this species at Jena, in May, on
fences principally under sloe-bushes. In Tuscany it is not very
scarce in May, on sloe-bushes, near Leghorn and Pisa.”
Having now come to the end of Zelier’s paper, I would advise
all my readers to get the “Linnea,” and read Zeller’s own descrip-
tions for themselves. They certainly are models of what descrip-
tions ought to be ; and the plan of mentioning at first what peculiar
character distinguishes each species from its congeners saves much
time to the entomologist, who, having met with a new species,
wishes to find if it has been described by Zeller. I observe we
are promised in the next volume of the “ Linnea” a monograph
by Zeller of the genus Coleophora, corresponding to our Porrectaria,
and a portion of the genus Astyages, the appearance of which will
be anxiously looked for by a large number of entomologists in this
country.
from a Paper by Zeller on Tinee. 141
SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES HEREIN ENUMERATED. *
Synonyms.
Lyonetia........ @lerckellas soreretess nivella, St., semiaurella, St. ;
autumnella, C.
prunifoliella.
padifoliella.
pulverulentella.
Phyllocnistis ....suffusella........unipunctella, St. ?
Salt@na oss eels sl </e1s cerasifoliella, Sta.
Cemiostoma ....spartifoliella...... punctaurella, Haw.; spar-
tifoliella, St.
Zancleella.
Scitelia 2. es ect ete Clerckella, St.
Opostega ...... salaciella.
reliquella.
auritella.
crepusculella......auritella, St.
+Bucculatrix .....cidarella.
Wintel. 632 es c/o eX Sircomella, Sta.
CLACECTL wieuls!ajettee © cratecgifoliella, Sta.
Boyerella........ cuculipennella, Haw., St.
gnaphaliella,
frangulella........ rhamnifoliella, Sta.
hippocastanella. .. .tiliella, Dale.
mgricomella.
cristatella.
Nepticula....... Samiatellag....... atricapitella, Haw., St.
Samiatella? ..c'< <0 ruficapitella, Haw., St.
subnitidella.
AULCM Ads « © sissy sie 6) aurella, Haw., St.
i lemniscella.
centifoliella....... aurella, var. € Haw.
argentipedella.....mediofasciella, Haw,, St.
argyropeza.
intimella,
hemargyrella.....floslactella, var. 6. Haw.
sericopexd.
5 cursoriella ....... subbimaculella, Haw.? St.?
assimilella.
Tufella csc sce <6 ces trimaculella, Haw. (non St.)
* Those in Italics have not yet been discovered in this country ; those with
a t prefixed I am not certain whether they have or not.
142 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks, &c.
Synonyms.
Pariuwpeulad.. 7... pallidella.
immundella .... -pulverella, Bentley.
Mischeria,......... .-complanella..... -rufipennis, Haw.; rufipen-
nella, St.; fulvescens, St.
Ricciardella.
Emyella..........marginea, Haw., St.
gaunacella.
angusticollella.
XXXI. On the Synonyms of Tinea festaliella of Hubner.
By H. T. Stainton, Esq.
[Read 6th November, 1848.]
Few insects have ever had a more perplexed synonymy than this ;
in this country it has been successively referred to two other
Hiibnerian species; and in France, Duponchel has figured another
insect as festaliella, whereas he figures the true festaliella as a new
species. The synonyms of this insect are as follows :—
Tinea festaliella, Hubner, 449.
(cophora festaliella, Treitschke, 10, 3, 213, (non Dup.)
Elachista festaliella, Zeller, Isis, 1839, s. 212, 17.
Elachista festalielia, Lienig, Isis, 1846, s. 299.
Tinea scisscella, Haworth, Lep. Brit. 580, 69, (non Hib.)
N. G. scissella, Stephens’s Cat. 7382.
Chrysocorys scissella, Curtis, Brit. Ent. vol. xiv. pl. 663.
Chrysocorys angustipennella, Stephens’s Mlust. 4, 282, (non Hub.)
Chrysocorys angustipennella, Wood, f. 1402.
Elachista Montandonella, Duponchel, XI. 553, pl. 309, f. 11.
The origin of all this confusion probably arises from the fact of
Hibner’s figure not being a good one; yet the insect certainly
agrees far better with his figure than with that of scissella, No. 270,
and this was remarked by Mr. Curtis.
Treitschke’s description is not good; indeed, Zeller says of it,
“ unkennbar beschrieben” (Isis, 1839, s. 212, 17); but there is
sufficient character about it to recognize the insect.
Zeller’s description, though very short, is precise, and leaves
no doubt upon the mind of the species he intended.
Madame Lienig does not describe the insect, she merely records
its occurrence.
Mr. H. T. Stainton on Synonyms of Tinea festaliella. 143
Haworth describes the insect efficiently, but errs in referring it
to Hiibner’s scissella. The scissella of Hiibner is not known to
recent continental writers; but, judging from his figure, the an-
terior wings are narrower than in festaliella, and, instead of having
two dark lines from the base to the hinder margin, there is but
one, which becomes furcate when it approaches the hinder margin,
not much unlike the insect figured by Duponchel as festaliella.
In Mr. Stephens’s Catalogue we again meet with the insect under
the name of scissella, Hiibner being referred to without any doubt,
and below is given, as a synonyme, ‘“ 7%. angustipennella—?”
In Mr. Curtis’s work appears a correct description and figure of
the insect; and he there boldly asserts that it is not the scissella
of Hiibner, but either a species closely allied to festaliella of
Hiibner, or that insect itself.
We now come to Mr. Stephens’s Illustrations, where the insect
first assumes the name of angustipennella (by which name it is
most generally known to the rising generation of English entomo-
logists) ; but here it is not called angustipennella, Hiibner, but is
thus given: ‘ N. G. angustipennella, Steph. Cat. 2, 211, N. 7382,
Schreckensteinia, Hubner?” but, as before noticed, angustipennella
is given in the Catalogue without any authority; therefore angusti-
pennella must evidently be considered as angustipennella, Stephens.
In the Appendix to the Illustrations, 4, 423, this insect is given
twice; once rightly, as Schreckensteinia festaliella, N. 4083; and
again incorrectly, as Cosmopteryx angustipennella, N. 4128; but
this Mr. Stephens appears to have been doubtful about, as he
places a note of interrogation to it.
The true Cosmopteryx angustipennella, Hiibner, (Tinea pedella,
L.,) is an insect allied to Gracillaria preangusta, Haw., (Turdi-
pennella, Tr.,) and frequenting alders; I am not aware that it has
occurred in this country.
The insect figured by Duponchel he received from Fischer von
Roslertamm, who states that ‘it flies in great numbers in May on
the flowers of Sambucus racemosa, and Mann has taken single spe-
cimens around pine trees:” this certainly does not appear appli-
cable to our species. Duponchel’s description is extremely vague,
and his figure does not represent our insect, neither am I ac-
quainted with the species for which it is intended. The figure
given by Duponchel of Montandonella correctly represents this
species, but the description is slightly deficient.
144 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions
XXXII. Descriptions of several new Species of Cetoniide
collected in India by Col. Hearsey, Capt. Boys, and W. H.
Benson, Esq. By J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S. &e.
[Read December 4th, 1848.]
Family CETONIID&.
Sp. 1. Heterorhina porphyretica. (Pl. XVI. fig. 1.)
H, nigro-cerulea, opalina, capite et pronoto viridi-tinctis, ely-
trorum marginibus purpureis, antennis pedibusque nigris,
clypei maris apice emarginato, verticeque spina plana conica
armato, mesosterno elongato tenui subacuto.
Long. corp. lin. 8.
Habitat in India Septentrionali.
In Mus. nostr. D. Boys.
H. amcene, Hope, proxima.
Caput nigrum, ceruleo-opalinum, punctatum, lateribus ante
antennas deflexis, margine antico reflexo emarginato, disco
concavo, in mare carina plana mediana, antice in laminam
decumbentem conicam desinente, armato. Antenne nigre,
clava longitudinem articulorum basalium equanti. Palpi
picel. Prothorax nigro-ceruleus opalinus, viridi parum tinc-
tus, lateribus haud angulatis, tenue marginatis, disco nitido
punctato. Scutellum concolor. Elytra magis purpurea,
lateribus purpureis nitida, singulo lineis tribus longitudinali-
bus elevatis, interstitiis lateribusque punctatis, duplici serie
punctorum, lateribus postice convergentibus apiceque suture
parum acuminato. Podex transverse strigosus. Corpus
subtus cum femoribus ceruleo-opalinum, lateribus metas-
terni cum coxis semicirculariter punctatis, mesosterni pro-
cessus cum apice antico metasterni valde elongatus tenuis
acutus, parum incurvus. Pedes elongati. ‘Tuibiz et tarsi
nigri, tibiae 4 posticze intus luteo-setosez. Abdomen impres-
sione ovali oblonga ad segmentum 5m ventrale extensa.
Fig. 1. Insectum magnitudine paullo ampliatum ; 1a, tibia antica
maris ; 1b et 1c, processus sternalis.
Sp. 2. Protetia piperina. (Pl. XVI. fig. 2.)
P. olivaceo-fusca, opaca; pronoto et elytris squamis minutis
of several new Species of Cetontide. 145
albidis irroratis, squamis in lineas longitudinales et transversas
interdum dispositis, pedibus cupreo-nigris luteo-setosis.
Long. corp. lin. 93.
Habitat in partibus septentrionalibus Indize Orientalis.
In Mus. nostr. D. Boys.
Caput cupreo-zneum, rude punctatum, vertice subconvexo,
margine antico parum reflexo et in medio emarginato. An-
tenne picez, clava mediocri subcuprea. Maxillee elongate,
lobo interno inermi, lobo apicali acuto corneo, longée penicil-
lato. Mentum ovale, basi truncato, apice profunde inciso.
Prothorax olivaceo-fuscus, opacus, punctatus, lateribus paullo
angulatis margineque tenui cupreo instructis; disco squamis
seu guttis minutis albidis irrorato, his squamis pone medium
in lineam valde angulatam (literam M quodammodo simu-
lantem) dispositis, spatio postico squamis fere destituto.
Scutellum concolor, opacum. Elytra elongata, lateribus
(nisi ad humeros) fere parallelis, olivaceo-fusca, opaca, etiam
albido-irrorata, squamis ad latera ante medium in lineam
brevem transversam fere ordinatis, aliis pone medium in
maculam irregularem fere confluentibus, aliisque versus api-
cem suture in lineam brevem transversam digestis. Podex
concolor, lateribus apiceque maculis irroratis ornatus. Cor-
pus infra castaneo-fuscum, nitidum, albido-hirtum, lateribus
abdominis albido-irroratis ; medio abdominis et metasterni
nitido immaculato. Processus sternalis brevis, ovalis. Ab-
domen maris segmentis 2, 3 et 4 ventralibus parum depressis,
haud canaliculatis. Tibize anticz dentibus tribus apicalibus,
acutis, tibiae 4 posticae extus in medio obtuse 1-dentate.
Pedes cupreo-nigri, albido-hirti.
Fig. 2. Insectum magnitudine parum auctum ; 2a, maxilla; 2+,
mentum ; 2c et 2d, processus sternalis ; 2, tibia antica; 2f,
tibia intermedia.
Sp. 3. Protetia Bensoni.* (Pl. XVI. fig. 3.)
P. viridis opaca, capite pedibusque cupreis, pronoto lineis dua-
bus abbreviatis obliquis albis elytrisque pone medium albo-
maculatis, corpore subtus cupreo-purpureo.
Long. corp. lin. 83.
* Tam informed by W.H. Benson, Esq., to whom I am indebted for this species,
that it ‘‘appears late in the season, and frequents the flowers of Syngenesious
plants ;” and I have great pleasure in dedicating so beautiful an insect to this
very zealous Entomologist.
146 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions
Habitat apud Mussoree et Landour, in regione Himalayana,
Indize Orientalis.
In Mus. nostr. D. Benson.
Precedenti brevior et latior, Caput supra igneo-cupreum
punctatum, vertice inter oculos utrinque parum profunde
impresso et magis punctato, linea levi in medio relicta ;
lateribus ante antennas depressis, margineque antico emar-
ginato. Maxille lobo interno quadrato inerm1; apicali conico,
longe setoso. Mentum elongato-cordatum, basi truncatum.
Antenne nigra. Prothorax lateribus in medio haud angu-
latis, tenue marginatis, punctatus, viridis, opacus, angulis
anticis lateribusque cupreis, utrinque (lateribus parallela)
linea tenui irregulari abbreviata alba ornatus, margine pos-
tico ante scutellum emarginato. |Epimera igneo-cuprea.
Scutellum pronoto concolor, Elytra magis viridia opaca, ad
humeros dilatata pone medium etiam paullo latiora, singulo
costis duabus fere obliteratis, interstitiis lateribusque punc-
tatis, et albido-setosis; singuli lateribus maculis 4 parvis
irregularibus albis, 2nda majori et ad medium disci extensa,
maculaque altera alba pone medium suture. Apex elytro-
rum acuminatus. Podex zneus punctatissimus, punctis duo-
bus parvis albis distantibus. Corpus subtus cum pedibus
cupreo-purpureum, nitidum, griseo-birtum. Tibiz anticze
extus 3-dentate, dente basali minori et e reliquis magis
remoto quam in specie preecedenti. Tibiz intermediz in
medio acuta spina armatee.
Fig. 3. Insectum magnitudine parum auctum ; 3a, maxilla; 3b,
mentum ; 3c et 3d, processus sternalis ; 3e, tibia antica.
Sp. 4. <Anoplocheila cenosa. (Pl. XVI. fig. 4.)
A. fusca opaca, zneo parum tincta, punctata, setis luteis fere
obsita; pronoto sparsim, elytris (nisi prope scutellum) maculis
parvis sordide albidis fere omnino notatis, corpore subtus
zeneo, abdomine purpurascenti nitido.
Long. corp. lin. 63.
Habitat in partibus septentrionalibus Indic Orientalis.
In Mus. nostr. D. Boys.
Corpus parvum, breve, crassum, subconvexum. Caput parvum,
cupreo-fuscum, punctatum, margine omni elevato et antice
parum emarginato, setis aureo-luteis obsitum. Antenne
nigree. Maxilla lobo interno in dentem validum arcuatum
producto, lobo apicali robusto bidentato. Mentum subquadra-
of several new Species of Cetoniide. 147
tum, lateribus in medio parum rotundato-dilatatis. Prothorax
lateribus in medio vix angulatis, eneo-fuscus, postice opacus,
punctatus, luteo-setosus, maculisque nonnullis parvis sordide
albidis notatus. Scutellum opacum, eneo-fuscum, apice
rotundatum. Elytra prothorace parum latiora, humeris vix
dilatatis, longitudine vix latitudinem excedente, zeneo-fusca,
subopaca, punctata, luteo-setosa, undique (nisi regione scu-
tellari) maculis parvis sordide albidis plus minusve notata,
apicibus sordide albidis. Podex omnino luteo-squamosum.
Corpus subtus purpureo-eeneum, nitidum, pectoris lateribus,
pedibus, apiceque abdominis luteo-setosis. Processus ster-
nalis haud antice porrectus, obtusus, fere rotundatus. Tibize
anticze 3-dentatee, dentibus fere aque distantibus, dente in-
terno minori.
Fig. 4. Insectum magnitudine parum auctum ; 4a, maxilla; 46,
mentum ; 4c, processus sternalis ; 4d, tibia antica.
Sp. 5. Anoplocheila brunneo-enea. (PI. XVI. fig. 5.)
A. purpureo-fusea, opaca, capite, prothorace humerisque zneo-
nitidis, punctata, luteo parum setosa, elytris sordide albido-
irroratis, squamis plagam macularem irregularem ultra
medium lateris formantibus.
Long. corp. lin. 6,
Habitat in partibus septentrionalibus Indiz Orientalis.
In Mus. nostr. D. Boys.
Preecedentis magnitudo, at angustior et minus setosus. Caput
parvum, margini omni elevato, antice paullo emarginatum
punctatum, punctis cicatricosis; cupreo-fuscum, setis nonnullis
sordide albidis. Antenne nigree. Mentum magis quadra-
tum quam in precedente. Prothorax purpureo-fuscus,
punctatus, opacus, parte antica zneo parum nitida, setis
sordide albidis sparsim vestitus, lateribus in medio parum
angulatis. Epimera et elytra ad basin zneo-tincta. Scutel-
lum fusco-purpureum, apice rotundato, opaco. Elytra punc-
tata, concoloria, maculis minutis sordide albidis irrorata,
maculis pone medium lateris in plagam parvam irregularem
parum confluentibus. Podex concolor, sordide albido-irro-
ratus, punctatus. Corpus subtus eneo-cupreum, nitidum,
parum setosum, segmentis abdominis ad latera marginis pos-
tici macula parva albida. Tibi antice extus 3-dentate,
148
Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions
dentibus aque distantibus, interno minori. Processus ster-
nalis haud porrectus, rotundatus, obtusus.
Fig. 5. Insectum magnitudine auctum ; 5a,mentum ; 5), processus
sternalis.
Sp. 6. Anoplocheila? argentifera. (Pl. XVI. fig. 6.)
A. nigra, opaca, pronoto et elytris maculis magnis margari-
taceo-argenteis variegatis, capitis angulis anticis acutis ;
corpore infra nigro nitido.
Long. corp. lin. 53.
Habitat in partibus septentrionalibus Indize Orientalis.
In Mus. nostr. D. Boys.
Species elegans. Caput parvum, antice attenuatum, deflexum,
haud concavum, marginibus parum elevatis, angulis anticis
porrectis; nigrum, rugose punctatum. Antenne nigre.
Mandibule parvee, forme ordinariz, parte cornea angusta,
extus longe ciliate. Maxille elongate, lobo interno in
dentem longum et acutum producto; lobo apicali bidentato.
Mentum oblongum, longe setosum, margine antico parum
emarginato. Palpi labiales articulo ultimo crasso. Pro-
thorax convexus, subconicus, punctatus, lateribus in medio
paullo angulatis, velutinus, lateribus late et irregulariter
argenteo-margaritaceis discoque nigro, colore nigro utrinque
pone medium in maculam angulatam versus angulos posticos
extensam, dilatato, punctoque nigro utrinque versus angulos
laterales. Scutellum nigrum, apice albo, Epimera argenteo-
margaritacea. Elytra punctato-striata, velutina, nigra, lateri-
bus apiceque late et irregulariter argenteo-margaritaceis, hoc
colore in medio fere ad suturam extensa, fasciam nigram
irregularem pone medium formante. Podex sparsim punc-
tatus, argenteus, lateribus anguste nigris. Corpus subtus
nigrum, nitidum, punctatum, sparsim luteo-setosum, lateribus
metasterni et abdominis femoribusque posticis maculis sericeis
notatis. Tibi antice 3-dentate, dentibus eque distantibus,
intermedio majori. Abdomen subtus ad basin late et minime
_profunde impressum. Processus sternalis brevis, nullo modo
porrectus, antice rotundatus, ciliatus. Pedes nigri postici
longe ciliati.
Fig. 6. Insectum longitudine fere duplo auctum ; 6a, clypeus;
6b, mandibula; 6c, maxilla; 6d, mentum; 6e, processus
sternalis ; 6f, tibia antica.
of several new Species of Cetoniida. 149
Sp. 7. Anthracophora Bohemanni.* (Pl. XVI. fig. 7.)
A. nigra, supra maculis concoloribus velutinis ; elytris dimidio
basali maculis numerosis fulvis, apiceque late fulvo ; thorace
subtus antice fulvo hirto, abdominisque lateribus maculis
parvis griseis.
Long. corp. lin. 94.
Habitat apud Landour in regione Himalayana Indiz Orientalis.
In Mus. nostr. D. Benson.
A. atro-maculate affinis.
Corpus latum, crassum, capite parvo, pedibusque brevibus.
Caput nigrum, punctatum, vix convexum, margine antico
fere recto et parum reflexo. Antennz breves, nigre. Max-
illae lobo interno corneo, in spinam acutam curvatam desi-
nente, lobo apicali brevi corneo apice oblique emarginato,
inde certo situ bidentatus apparet. Mentum antice latum,
emarginatum, lateribus ad basin oblique convergentibus.
Pronotum lateribus in medio vix angulatis; disco levi, haud
nitido, lateribus punctatis maculisque nigro-velutinis laterali-
bus duabusque alteris majoribus versus marginem posticum.
Scutellum nigrum, opacum. Elytra lata, opaca, humeris
haud valde dilatatis, nitidis, singuloque etiam inter hume-
rum et scutellum spatiis duobus elongatis paullo elevatis et
nitidis, interstitiis velutino-punctatis ; dimidio basali nigro,
maculis parvis fulvis, apiceque fulvo, ad suturam nigro-
maculato. Podex niger, opacus. Corpus subtus nigrum,
punctatum, pro- et metasterno fulvo-pilosis. Abdomen ma-
culis parvis lateralibus griseis notatum. Processus sternalis
brevis, latus, basi constrictus. Pedes breves, nigri. Tibiz
anticzee in medio bidentate, apiceque in dentem remotiorem
terminato; tibiz 4 posticee in medio dente unico acuto
armate.
Fig. 7. Insectum magnitudine auctum ; 7a, maxilla; 7b, mentum;
7c and 7d, processus sternalis; 7 e, tibia antica.
Sp. 8. Clinteria Hearseiana.+ (Pl. XVI. fig. 8.)
C. nigro-znea, nitidissima, pronoti lateribus maculisque tribus
* This species was taken ‘ on sweating oaks, at Rockville, Landour,” on the
Himalayas, by W. H. Benson, Esq., by whom it has been transmitted to me.
+ I have named this species after my friend Colonel J. B. Hearsey, a very
assiduous Indian Entomologist as well as Botanist.
150
Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions, &c.
posticis in triangulum dispositis, epimeris, maculisque 5 in
singulo elytro, duabusque podicis albis, pedibus rufo-piceis.
Long. corp. lin. 63.
Habitat in partibus centralibus Indiz Orientalis.
In Mus. nostr. D. Hearsey.
Species elegans. Caput nigrum, convexum, punctatum, antice
angustatum, emarginatum, angulis anticis elevatis. Antenne
breves, piceo-nigree. Maxillee lobo interno quadrato inermi,
setoso; apicali acuto, longe setoso. Mentum elongato-
cordatum, basi truncatum. Prothorax nigro-zneus, nitidis-
simus, disco punctis minutis crebre sparsis, lobo postico
impunctato, lateribus macula elongata antice et postice dila-
tata, ex angulis anticis ultra medium extensis, maculisque
tribus rotundatis in triangulum dispositis, postico minori ad
apicem lobi scutellaris posito. Elytra nigro-coracina, nitida,
punctata, singulo striis seu costis tribus elevatis, maculisque
quinque albis ornato, antica majori; duabus_lateralibus
duabusque remotioribus suturalibus. Pygidium vermiculato-
punctatum, maculis duabus albis. Pedes piceo-rufi, tarsis
nigris ; tibiae anticze dentibus tribus acutis eeque distantibus;
posticee 4 in medio acute 1-dentatee. Abdomen lateribus
albo-punctatis. | Processus sternalis brevis, conicus, apice
obtusus.
Fig. 8. Insectum longitudine duplo auctum; 8a, maxilla; 8 6,
mentum ; 8c and 8 d, processus sternalis ; 8 e, tibia antica.
Gi TbD |)
XXXII. On the Species of Depressaria, a Genus of
Tineidz, and the allied Genera Orthotelia and Exeretia.
By H. T. Srarnton, Esq.
[Read Dec. 4th, 1848.]
Tue genus Depressaria is one of the most natural we have, and
considering the variety of size in the different species, their ex-
traordinary similarity of appearance is not a little remarkable.
The food of the larve is very various, some of them feeding on
the leaves of composite plants, others, and by far the greater por-
tion, in the umbels or on the seeds or leaves of different species
of Umbelliferee; again, the larvae of two species feed on the
sallow, whilst the Hypericum perforatum affords a pabulum to
another species.
Norr.—The species marked + have not yet been detected in
this country.
Ortnorz.ia, Stephens.
Cautosius, Duponchel.
Hemyuis, Zeller.
AGonioPrEerRyx, T'reitschke.
Sparganiella, Thunb., Tr., D., Z.
Tostella, Hib. 456.
Venosa (Depressaria), Haworth.
Venosa (Orthotelia and Depressaria), Stephens.
The larve of this insect feeds, as the name implies, on a Spar-
ganium, but there is some dispute as to which of the species:
Treitschke says simplex, Zeller says ramosum, not simplex. I have
met with the perfect insect myself among Sparg. ramosum, and Mr.
Edward Doubleday has reared it from larve found in the stems of
this latter plant, in July: he states that the presence of the larvee
is easily detected by the withering of the flowers. The perfect
insect appears at the end of July and beginning of August.
Duponchel states that it feeds on Sparganium natans ; Guenée
has, according to Duponchel, found the larvz of this species at
the base of the leaves of the /ris pseudacorus, but I am inclined
to fancy that this is a distinct species, especially as it appears by
Mann’s Catalogue that another species, which he there calls
* Palustrella, Tr. in litt.,” occurs on the continent. I am not
aware that this species has been described ; it probably occurs in
this country and needs but to be sought.
VOL. V. s
152 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Species of the
Ex#RETIA, nov. gen.
Caput levigatum. Palpi recurvati, articulo secundo infra setis
instructo, articulo terminali acuto. Antenne mediocres.
Ale anteriores late; ante apicem aliquantulum contracte ;
cilia brevia, ad marginem posteriorem emarginata. Ale pos-
teriores elongate, ovales, emarginate ad angulum anale ;
cilia brevia. Abdomen depressum.
This genus is intermediate between the Stenoma of Zeller (an
exotic genus) and Depressaria; in Stenoma ‘the anterior wings
are broad before the middle, posteriorly narrowed ;” in Depres-
saria they are, to use Zeller’s words, “almost widened poste-
riorly,” whereas in Lx@retia they are narrowed beyond the mid-
dle and then again expanded ; the cilia are much shorter than in
Depressaria, in this respect resembling Stenoma.
Allisella,n. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. 1.)
Ale anteriores plumbez ; strid rufa obliqua a costa ante me-
dium; macula magné triangulare rufescente ante apicem,
quz supra costam stat, marginem interiorem suo apice tan-
gens ; in margine interiore hujus macule, que distinctior est,
stat linea nigra obliqua.
This species is very distinct from any with which I am ac-
quainted, and has at first sight somewhat the appearance of a
Peronea.
Expansion of the wings 10-—11 lines.
Head ashy-grey. Face ashy-grey. Palpi, the second joint is
on the upper side whitish, smooth; on the under side thickly
clothed with ashy-grey bristles; terminal joint dark tawny, not
annulated. Antenne grey. Thorax greyish. Abdomen greyish,
with a large black spot in the middle ; the anal tuft is yellowish.
Legs and tarsi brownish on the outside, whitish inside. Anterior
wings rather glossy leaden grey, with a rosy tint at the base to-
ward the inner margin ; a little before the middle is a short oblique
rosy streak proceeding from the costa, and reaching only half
across the wing, it terminates in a darker spot; parallel to this, a
little beyond the middle, is a similar streak which reaches to the
anal angle, and has in it a short black linear blotch; beyond this
streak the entire apical portion of the wing is more or less suf-
fused with reddish, and a darker shade proceeds from the anal
angle to the apex, forming the outer side of the triangular blotch;
the portion of the disk immediately following the black spot is
Genera Depressaria, Sc. 153
rather paler than the surrounding portion; before the commence-
ment of the cilia is a dark marginal line; cilia at their origin
grey, at their termination greyish-rufous, darkest round the apex
of the wing. Posterior wings greyish, with dark marginal line
before the paler cilia.
I have named this species after my friend Mr. Allis, who, at my
request, most readily forwarded to me his specimens to be de-
scribed. I mention this circumstance as some collectors have a
dislike to parting with their specimens, however much they may
be required for the furtherance of science; such persons may
have fine collections, but can surely not expect to be considered
scientific entomologists.
Three of Mr. Allis’s specimens were taken in Yorkshire, near
Rotherham, in June or July, and another on the coast, near
Maryport, Cumberland.
DepressariA, Haw., St., Z.
Heamryuis, Tr., D.
Sp. 1. Costosa, Haw., St.
Depunctella, Podev., Hiib. 378., Tr., D., Z.
Yeatsana, St. ?
Spartiana (Tortrix), Hib. 199.
Distinguished from the somewhat similar assimilella, by the
rufous cilia of the anterior wings.
This species is common in July and August among furze-bushes.
Sp. 2. Lituretla, W. V., Tr., D., Z:
Sparmanniana, F., St.
Flavella, Hiib. 97.
Flavosa, Haw.
The larva of this species feeds on Centaurea jacea, in May.
The perfect insect appears in July.
Sp. 3. Pallorella, Zeller. (Isis, 1839, S. 195.)
Very closely allied to the preceding, but distinct. Instead of
the blotch near the anal angle, and the short streak towards the
base, near the inner margin of that species, these two marks are
here united into a continuous, rather stout line; at the base, just
above the inner margin, is a distinct black spot, and in the apical
portion of the wing the nervures are much more distinctly marked.
A scarce species ; hitherto perhaps much neglected from being
confounded with liturella. Mr. Weir took a specimen at Lewes,
s2
154 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Species of the
last September, from reed thatch; one was taken near Lewes the
previous autumn. Mr. Maitland took one at sugar, in the Isle
of Wight, in September, and Mr. Ingall took it at Mickleham.
Sp. 4. Ulicetella, Stainton.
Umbellarum, Haw.
Umbellana, St. (non F.)
Distinguished from all its congeners by the radiating brown
streaks on the straw-coloured anterior wings.
Not uncommon in this country among furze bushes in August ;
it appears totally unknown on the continent.
Sp. 5. Assimilella, (Tis.) Tr., F. v. R., D., Z.
Atomosa, Haw.
Trrorella, St.
Atomella, St. ?
At once distinguished from costosa, with which it is sometimes
placed, by the yellowish colour of the cilia of the anterior wings ;
in costosa they are rufous.
I took three specimens of this insect in a broom-field near
Airthrey (in the neighbourhood of Stirling), July 15th and 16th,
1848.
The species has also been taken by Mr. Weir, at Tunbridge
Wells; by Mr. Sircom and others.
The larva feeds, according to Fischer von Roslerstamm, on
Spartium scoparium only, and is to be found from the beginning
of April to the middle of May.
Sp. 6. Nanatella, nov. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. 2.)
Ale anteriores breves, obtusz, pallide ochracez, irrorate nu-
merosis atomis fuscis, quarum duze longitudinaliter posite
conspicuiores sunt.
Allied to assimilella ; anterior wings shorter and the apex less
pointed; the colour of the anterior wings is paler ochreous, irro-
rated with fuscous atoms, two of which, near the middle of the
wing, are conspicuous from their size; these are placed longitudi-
nally, that nearer the base being the larger; there is but faint
indication of a shoulder mark, and the dark blotch of asszmilella
is entirely wanting.
Expansion of the wings 6}—73 lines.
Head very pale ochreous. Face rather paler. Palpi pale ochre-
ous, the second joint with ochreous bristles beneath, terminal
Joint not annulated. Antenne fuscous. ‘Thorax very pale ochre-
Genera Depressaria, &c. 155
ous. Abdomen fuscous, with the sides and apex ochreous. Legs
pale ochreous, the first pair anteriorly brown. ‘Tarsi pale ochre-
ous, spotted with brown. Anterior wings very pale ochreous,
with numerous fuscous atoms; towards the hinder margin is
darker shade, arising near the anal angle and reaching nearly to
the costa; nearly in the middle of the wing are two or three
black spots, placed longitudinally, of which that nearest the base
is generally the largest; cilia pale ochreous, with a darker line
running right through them from the apex to the anal angle.
Posterior wings griseous, darkest towards the apex, with paler
cilia, in which, close to the margin of the wing, is a dark line.
Mr. Douglas took two specimens of the insect in Charlton
sand-pit, among the herbage, on the 12th of August, 1846.
Mr. H. Doubleday has also a specimen.
Sp. 7. Atomella, W. V., Hiibn. 240, Z.
Pulverella, Tr., F..v. R. pl. 32,f; 2.
Var. Respersella, Tr., F. v. R. pl. 33, f. 1.
This species is, according to Fischer, extremely variable; in
this country it has hitherto been so scarce that we have no oppor-
tunity of judging of its liability to vary. It is not very closely
allied to any other species, and is distinguished by the roundness
of the apex of the anterior wings, and ordinarily by the pale
costa. Mr. Stephens has one concolorous pale specimen, in which,
of course, this latter character is wanting.
I am indebted to the liberality of Mr. Weir for the possession
of this species ;_ he bred it from larve taken near Tunbridge Wells,
by sweeping in June, the perfect insect appearing July 20 and 21,
1848. He likewise took two by mothing, Aug. 16, 1847. Fischer
informs us that the larva feeds on Spartium scoparium, Genista
Germanica, and tinctoria, in May and June.
Spy ScArencila; WN.) Ur. bs Vs KR. D., Z., Ev., lie:
Gilvella, Hb. 96, St.
Gilvosa, Haw.
Var. Immaculana, St.
A common species, and generally distributed ; appearing in
July and August, and hybernated specimens occurring in the
spring.
Mr. Stephens’s specimen, described by him as immaculana, is
merely an extraordinary variety of this species; it is very far
from being ‘‘ totally immaculate.”
156 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Species of the
The larva feeds, according to Zincken (see Treitschke), on
Centaurea scabiosa and Sonchus Carolina; according to Lienig,
on Centaurea jacea.
Sp. 9. Propinquella, Tr., F. v. R., Z., Ev.
Gilvosa, var. 3. Haw.
Till this year scarce in this country; it has now been taken in
some plenty by Messrs. Bedell, Douglas, and Weir, the greater
part of the specimens being beat out of thatch in August and
September.
There is a variety of this species in which the fuscous blotch is
obliterated.
Sp. 10. Subpropinquella, nov. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. 3.)
Ale anteriores elongate, apice obtuso, ochracez, punctis du-
obus nigris obliqué positis ante et maculé fuscd, raré distineta,
pone medium.
Allied to propinquella, but the anterior wings are much longer,
nearly as long as in arenella, but considerably narrower ; the apex
is slightly rounded; the colour of the anterior wings is brownish
ochre mottled, as in the darker parts of propinquella ; there is
very slight (indeed, hardly perceptible) appearance of a shoulder
mark; before the middle are the ordinary two black spots, and
above the upper one is generally a third smaller one; beyond
these is a large fuscous blotch (rarely as prominent as in propin-
quella) ; and obliquely to this, a similarly coloured smaller blotch
or spot.
Expansion of the wings, 8—9 lines.
Head ochreous. Face very pale ochreous. Palpi pale ochreous;
the second joint beneath with ochreous bristles; the terminal joint
with two brown rings, one near the base, the other towards the
apex. Antenne fuscous. Thorax ochraceous, Abdomen griseous.
Legs pale ochreous. ‘Tarsi, anterior pale ochreous, spotted with
fuscous ; posterior darker, unspotted. Anterior wings described
above; cilia pale ochreous; posterior wings pale griseous, with
paler ciliz, in which is a darker line near the margin of the wing.
This species has been taken by Mr. Bond (to whom I am in-
debted for it), who beat it out of thatch in Cambridgeshire this
autumn,
Duponchel’s figure of Heracliella (pl. 290, f. 12) accords better
with this species than with a continental specimen of laterella,
which I have before me; but his description is too vague to throw
any light upon the figure.
Genera Depressaria, &c. 157
Sp. 11. Alstremeriana, L. (S. N.), St., Z.
Alstremiana, L. (F.8., F.
Alstremeri, Haw.
Alstremerella, Tr., D.
Monilella, W. V.
Puella, Hiib. 82.
Albidella, Ev.
Not very common; occurring in April and August. The larva
has not yet been observed.
Sp. 12. Purpurea, Haw., St.
Vaccinella, Hib. 416, Tr., D., Z.
Not generally common; taken in some plenty by Mr. Weir out
of thatch in August and September. The larva is still unknown.
Sp. 13. Caprella, nov. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. 9.)
Parva; alz anteriores griseo-ruf@, punctis duobus nigris oblique
positis ante medium, et pone medium punctis duobus albis,
longitudinaliter positis.
Allied to capreolella and purpurea ; larger than purpurea, less
rosy, without the conspicuous blotch of that species, with two
black spots placed obliquely to one another, and then two white
spots placed longitudinally ; smaller than capreolella, and the an-
terior wings less plain grey, more suffused with reddish.
Expansion of the wings 6 lines.
Head reddish grey. Face paler. Palpi pale grey, the terminal
joint somewhat ochreous, with a brownish spot on its inner side,
before the apex. Antenne fuscous. Thorax reddish-grey. Ab-
domen fuscous, with the anal tuft rather ochreous. Legs pale
ochreous. Tarsi reddish-grey, with the ends of the joints paler.
Anterior wings narrow, reddish-grey, with the shoulder pale, and
the costa also paler than the ground colour of the wing; the two
black spots are placed obliquely as in purpurea, but have not the
pale blotch near them; they are followed by two white spots as
purpurea, but the large black blotch towards the costa of that
species is here entirely wanting; cilia reddish-grey, preceded by
a row of black dots. Posterior wings griseous, with paler cilia, in
which a darker line runs round the margin of the wing.
For this species I am indebted to Mr. Weir, who took two near
Lewes, from thatch, in September, 1848; Mr. Maitland has also
taken the species at Ventnor.
158 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Species of the
+ Sp. 14. Capreolella, Zeller (Isis, 1839, s. 196).
Taken by Zeller in April, in corn fields, and thus briefly de-
scribed: ‘little larger than vaccinella, with the spots of applana,
but a brownish-grey clearer ground-colour.”
There is a foreign specimen in the British Museum.
Sp. 15. Hypericella, Hub. 441, Tr., D., Z., Lie.
Liturella, Hib. 83, St.
Liturosa, Haw.
The larva feeds, in June, on Hypericum perforatum ; the moth
appears in July. As yet this is scarce in this country; it is occa-
sionally taken at sugar.
The larva described by Lienig as feeding on sallow probably
belongs to the next species.
Sp. 16. Conterminella, (F. v. R.) Z. (Isis, 1839, S. 196.)
Curvipunctosa, Haw,, St.
Though Haworth’s name has priority, yet I give the preference
to Zeller’s name, as his description of the posterior wings at once
identifies the species; Haworth’s description might possibly apply
to a variety of applana.
Haworth’s variety 6, of which Mr. Curtis has a specimen, may
prove to be a distinct species. This insect, at first sight, a good
deal resembles the preceding; but the posterior wings have no
emargination near the anal angle, and the head and thorax are
not so bright a yellow as in that species.
The larva feeds on the sallow, and also on the osier (Salix vi-
minalis), from the tops of which plant they have been obtained
in May by Mr. Wing, and the moths reared at the end of June.
When beating for Pecilochroma piceana (Haw.) among sallows,
in August, I met with some wasted specimens of the perfect
insect.
Sp. 17. Angelicella, Hub. 337, Tr., Z., Ev.
Rubidella, D., Hib. 221?
Readily distinguished from arenella, propinquella, and other
allied species, by its pale unannulated palpi.
This species was taken by Mr. Bond, at Yaxley, in 1845. Mr.
Sircom and Mr. Desvignes have each a specimen of their own
capturing.
Genera Depressaria, §c. 159
+'Sp: 18) Laterella, Wi, ZB rv. Re (Lext.)
Heracliella, Hib. 417, Tr., D.? F. v. R. (Fig.), Zett.
Zeller states Hiibner’s carduella to be a variety of this species ;
now in this country laterella has not yet occurred, whereas a
number of specimens of an insect which agrees well with Hiibner’s
figure of carduella have been taken at different times: our car-
duella may not be the carduella of Zeller, but is decidedly the
carduella of Hiibner, and I should think a very distinct species.
The larva of laterella feeds, according to Tischer (see Treitschke),
on Centaurea cyanus, in May and June, and the moth appears in
July. Tischer adds: ‘* Carduella is a variety, since I bred from
these larvee two specimens which perfectly agree with Hiibner’s
figure, N. 439.”
This species is not uncommon on the continent, and will pro-
bably soon be detected in this country.
Sp. 19. Carduella, Hub. 439., St.
Not a common species, but widely distributed. Most of the
specimens that have occurred have been in July and August, and
several of them at sugar. Mr. Wing took a specimen at sugar,
on the Dartford Heath fence, in September.
Sp. 20. Characterella, W. V., Tr., Z., Lie., D., Ev.
Ocellana, F., St.
Signella, Hib. 80.
Signosa, Haw.
This species frequents sallows, on which the larva feeds in July ;
the moth appears towards the end of August, and re-appears in
the spring. Many of the spring specimens are very fine, and have
no appearance of having hybernated; probably some pass the
winter in the pupa state.
+ Sp. 21. Ciniflonella, (Lie.) Z. (Isis, 1846, S. 280.)
* Alis anterioribus rufescenti-canis, griseo-conspersis, postice
et in parte coste basali canis, lineola ante, lineola annuloque
minuto post medium disci nigris.” Z. |. c.
Taken by Madame Lienig in Livonia.
+ Sp. 22. Thapsiella, Z. (Isis, 1847, S. 838.)
* Alis anterioribus obtusiusculis, carneo-griseis, fusco-conspersis ;
costa fusco-maculata, punctis duobus ante, puncto ocellari
160 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Species of the
post medium nigris; palporum articulus terminalis annulo me-
dio et apice fuscis.” Z. 1. ¢.
Taken by Zeller in Sicily; the larvae abundant on Thapsia
garganica; sometimes 50—60 larve on one plant. He bred the
perfect insect from April 30th to June 4th; but never saw it at
large.
Sp. 23. Yeatiana, F. 3, 2, 274.
Yeatsii, Haw.
Putridella, Hib. 244? Haw.
Distinguished from all its congeners by the glossy pale greyish-
purple anterior wings; it is more or less dusted with fuscous ;
and frequently the nervures of the hinder portion of the wing
are darker; it then becomes the putridella of Haworth; but Hiib-
ner’s figure of »utridella, if meant for this species, is very bad.
Taken rather commonly by some of the collectors at the east
end of London.
Sp. 24. Intermediella, n. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. 4.)
Ale anteriores ad apicem obtuse, nec rotundate ; ochracee,
plus minusve rufescentes, atomis fuscis conspersis, punctis
duobus obliqué positis ante medium, duobus albis pone me-
dium, et supra ea macula fusca,
This forms a connecting link between the group of which are-
nella may be considered the type and applana ; the form of the
anterior wings is nearly square at the apex, thus very different
from applana; the ground colour of the anterior wings is ochreous,
or reddish ochreous, interspersed with numerous fuscous atoms ;—
before the middle are two black spots placed obliquely and be-
yond them two smaller white ones margined with black, and above
these is a fuscous blotch; towards the base is the ordinary dark
shoulder mark, which reaches about half across the wing.
Expansion of the wings, 9—93 lines.
Head ochreous. Face paler. Palpi, second joint, pale ochre-
ous above, beneath rather darker, terminal joint pale ochreous,
but with the base, a ring before the apex, and the extreme
apex, fuscous. Antenne fuscous. Thorax ochreous or reddish
ochreous, according with the colour of the anterior wings. Ab-
domen pale ochreous. Legs pale ochreous, the anterior rather
darker on the outer side. Tarsi ochreous, rather darker than the
legs. Anterior wings described above; a little before the hinder
margin is an indistinct angulated fascia, which, from not being
Genera Depressaria, &c. 161
dusted with fuscous, appears paler than the rest of the wing; on
the hinder margin itself is a row of fuscous spots; cilia of the
colour of the wings, frequently more rufescent at the apex. Pos-
terior wings pale griseous, darker at the apex, with pale yellow-
ish-white cilia,
Taken in the summer of 1847, at West Wickham, by Messrs.
Bedell and Douglas, who beat it out of old thatch, sparingly.
I should have been inclined to think this the continental Jate-
rella, were it not that I have before me a specimen of that insect,
obtained by Mr. H: Doubleday from the continent, which agrees
precisely with Hiibner’s fig. 417 (which Zeller says is very good),
and is a very different insect from our species.
Sp. 25. Applana, (Pyr.) F., Haw., St., Z.
Applanella, (Tin.) F., F. v. R.
Cicutella, Hib. 79, 419, Tr, Ds Ev.
The most abundant species in the genus; the hybernated spe-
cimens are exceedingly abundant in the first warm evenings of
spring.
The larva feeds on various umbelliferous plants, Cicuta virosa,
Heracleum sphondylium, &c., in May and June.
Sp. 26. Ciliella, n. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. 7.)
Major ; ale anteriores rufee, maculis duabus albis, nigro-cine-
tis, obliqué positis ante medium; et maculis duabus albis
longitudinaliter positis pone medium; ale posteriores ciliis
rufo-variegatis.
Somewhat resembling applana, but much larger; the anterior
wings generally more uniform in colour, with four white spots ;
the two first placed obliquely and preceded by black margins, the
two others placed longitudinally ; the cilia of the posterior wings,
instead of being plain, as in applana, are marbled with rufous.
Expansion of the wings, 10—11 lines.
Head dark reddish-brown. Face ochreous grey. Palpi, se-
cond joint, reddish-brown; internally pale ochreous; last joint
reddish-ochreous, with two dark fuscous rings, one at the base,
the other before the apex, extreme apex fuscous. Antenne
reddish-brown. Thorax reddish-brown, more or less dark, ac-
cording to the colour of the anterior wings. Abdomen grey.
Legs externally reddish-brown, internally pale ochreous. Tarsi
externally reddish-brown, with the ends of the joints paler, inter-
nally ochreous, with the base of the joints darker. Anterior
162 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Species of the
wings variable in colour, from pale reddish-brown to dark fus-
cous, with but slight reddish tint; base and basal half of the
costa generally paler than the rest of the wings; spots as in
applana, two black ones placed obliquely before the middle, the
posterior one externally margined with white, and beyond them
two white ones margined with black, placed longitudinally ; on
the hinder margin is a row of fuscous spots; cilia rufous-brown.
Posterior wings greyish; cilia pale, variegated with rufous
towards the end.
This species appears widely distributed: it was beat out of
thatch, at West Wickham, in August, 1847, by Messrs. Bedell
and Douglas; Mr. H. Doubleday has received it from the Lan-
cashire coast; Mr. Allis meets with it in Yorkshire; and I have
a specimen from Stirlingshire.
Sp. 27. Rotundella, Douglas, (Zool. 1270, F. 8.)
Peloritanella, Z. (Isis, 1847, S. 837.)
Taken by Mr. Douglas at Mickleham, and Sanderstead, in
September, at sugar.
Zeller met with this insect abundantly in Sicily, on mountains
near Messina, in April and July. He says, ‘“ the larva feeds pro-
bably on Erica arborea, or Spartiwm junceum.”
+ Sp. 28. Paridlella, (F.v. 2.) Tr. 2, lie:
Humerella, Dup. (Pl. 312, f. 7.)
** Alis anticis testaceo-hepaticis, basi punctoque medio flavidis ;
posticis cinereis.” ‘Tr. |. c.
The lava feeds, according to Lienig, in June, on Athamanta
oreoselinum and Selinum caruifolium. The perfect insect appearing
in July. Taken, by Mann, on the trunks of birches.
This and the four following species are distinguished by the
pale shoulder of the dark-coloured anterior wings.
{ Sp. 29. Ferule, Z. (Isis, 1847, S. 840.)
“ Major, fronte patagiisque flavidis, alis anterioribus obtusis
brunneis, basi abrupte flavida, puncto nigro ante, albo post
medium; palpis flavidis, externe fuscescentibus, articulus ter-
minalis basi annuloque fuscis.” Z. 1. ¢.
Zeller met with the larvee of this species in Sicily, near Mes-
sina, on I’erula communis, April 15th, and bred from them five
specimens in the middle of May.
Genera Depressaria, Sc. 163
t+ Sp. 30. Furvella (Pod.) Tr., Z.
“* Capite thoraceque flavis; alis anticis pallide hepaticis, basi
punctoque medio flavis.” ‘Tr. 1. ¢.
Posterior wings not emarginated at the anal angle (according
to Zeller), thus resembling conterminella.
Taken in July, in Austria and Hungary ; larva unknown.
+ Sp. 3l.. Cnicella (Vis.), Ir. Fv. R.; 22, D:
‘“‘ Alis anticis rubro-fuscis vel hepaticis, basi abrupte albido-
cinereis, punctis duobus tribusve (rarius uno) disci longi-
tudinaliter positis albis.” F. v. R.1. ¢.
The larva feeds gregariously in May on Eryngium campestre ;
the perfect insect appears in June.
There are specimens of this in the British Museum.
t Sp. 32. Hepatariella (Lien.), Z. (Isis, 1846, S. 282).
‘** Palporum articulo terminali ad basim griseo, alis anterioribus
badiis (fem. basi abrupte dilutiore), fuscencenti-conspersis,
puncto uno duobusve disci mediis albis.” Z. 1. ¢.
Closely allied to the preceding. Taken by Madame Lienig in
Livonia in July.
+ Sp. 33. Impurella (Mtzn.), Tr., F. v. R., Z.
‘* Alis anticis fusco-rufis, dense nigro, fusco albidoque pulve-
rulentis ; basi, costa, fascia dimidia ante, fasciaque integra
post medium albo-conspersis ; puncto medio obsoleto nigro-
fuseo: F..v. RK. 1. c:
Beat out of pine trees by Mann in May and August.
Sp. 34. Depressana, (Pyr.) F., Z.
Depressella, (Tin.) F., Hbn. 407, D.
Blunti, C.
Collarella, Zett, In. Lapp. 999, 6.
A variable species; distinguished not so much by the markings
of the wings, for Hiibner’s figure shows none, as by the pale
colour of the palpi, head, and thorax.
The larva is abundant in gardens near Berlin, on the umbels of
the carrot and parsnip.
164 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Species of the
Sp. 35. Pimpinelle, Z. (Isis, 1839, and Isis, 1846, S. 282.)
Characterosa, Haw.
Pulverella, Ev.?
Var. 3? Major, tarsis omnibus externé rufescentibus.
Allied to the preceding, but larger; the costa broadly red,
generally some black spots on the disk, and the underside of the
second joint of the palpi is reddish-brown, (in depressana it is
very pale yellow).
The larve is, according to Zeller, abundant near Glogau on
Pimpinella saxifraga, in August and September.
The perfect insect was taken by Mr. Bedell in September from
some old thatch, near the Stoat’s Nest Station of the Brighton
Railway.
I have only seen one specimen of var. 3, which may hereafter
prove distinct.
Sp. 36. Albipunctella, Hbn. 149, St., Tr., Z., D., Ev.
Albipuncta, Haw.
Thorax reddish-brown; last joint of the palpi entirely dark
fuscous, except the extreme apex, which is whitish.
The larva feeds, according to Treitschke, in May, on Artemisiz
campestris. I have often taken the perfect insect at sugar in
July and August.
Sp. 37. Pulcherrimella, n. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. 8).
Ale anteriores-rufee, numerosis striis atris, stria obliqué atra
ante, puncto albo pone medium; caput thoraxque pallida ;
palporum articulus terminalis intus pallidus, puncto fusco
basi, alteroque ante apicem; articulus secundus infra rufo-
brunneus.
Allied to albipunctella, but the head and thorax are pale ; the
inner side of the palpi is pale, with a dark spot at the base, and
another before the apex; the pale hinder fascia on the anterior
wings is more angulated ; and the black streaks on the disk are
always more distinct than in albipunctella. In some specimens,
after the black spot, is a white streak, reaching nearly to the white
spot.
Expansion of the wings 63—7 lines.
Head pale ochreous-grey. Face pale ochreous-grey. Palpi;
the second joint pale ochreous-grey above, beneath reddish-
brown; terminal joint externally dark fuscous, except the apex,
Genera Depressaria, Sc. 165
internally pale ochreous, with a dark spot at the base, and another
before the apex. Antenne fuscous. ‘Thorax pale ochreous-grey,
with the sides reddish-brown. Abdomen greyish, the anal tuft
ochreous. Legs, internally greyish-ochreous, externally reddish-
brown. ‘Tarsi internally ochreous, with the bases of the joints
darker ; externally reddish-brown, with the ends of the joints
paler. Anterior wings reddish-brown, with a very pale dash at
the base of the inner margin; scattered over the disk are nu-
merous black scales, which frequently form short streaks; before
the middle is a short oblique black streak, sometimes followed
by a straight white one; beyond the middle of the wing is a dis-
tinct white spot as in albipunctella; and between this and the
hinder margin is a pale angulated fascia; at the hinder margin is
a row of fuscous spots ; cilia pale reddish-brown. Posterior wings
pale grey, with paler cilia.
This species is taken not very uncommonly at Sanderstead
Downs, in July, being beat out of the juniper bushes, which form
a sort of universal shelter for all the minute Lepidoptera that occur
on the Downs.
The larva most probably feeds on some umbelliferous plant.
Sp. 38. Douglasella, n. sp.
Alee anticee sordid brunnez, numerosis atomis albis irrorate ;
obtuse ; caput thoraxque albida ; palporum articulus secun-
dus infra griseus.
Closely allied to the preceding; but the anterior wings are
less pointed at the apex; the head and thorax are greyish-white
(nearly white), with no admixture of ochreous; the second joint
of the palpi is underneath grey, not reddish-brown; and the tarsi
are externally dark fuscous, with no admixture of reddish ; the
ends of the joints paler, as in pulcherrimella ; the colour of the
anterior wings is much darker, more fuscous than in pulcherrimella,
and with more numerous white atoms.
Mr. Weir took a specimen of this in the south of England, and
Mr. Maitland has likewise taken it.
Sp. 39. Weirella,n. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. 5.)
Ale anteriores rufo-brunnee, puncto fusco albido-cincto paul-
lulum ante medium, punctis duobus parvis fuscis ab atomo
albo separatis, pone medium; palporum articulus terminalis
pallidé ochraceus, annulo fusco ante apicem.
Larger than the two last; allied to albipunctella, but mithout the
166 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Species of the
white spot on the anterior wings, in place of which two very small,
pale fuscous spots are visible; the pale fascia is more angulated,
resembling that of pulcherrimella ; the row of black spots is less
distinct than in albipunctella ; posterior wings paler.
Expansion of the wings 73 lines.
Head greyish-brown. Face rather paler. Palpi; second joint
pale ochreous above, greyish-brown beneath ; terminal joint pale
ochreous, with a single fuscous ring before the apex. Antenne
fuscous. Thorax greyish-brown; the sides dark reddish-brown.
Abdomen greyish, with the anal tuft ochreous. Legs externally
reddish-brown, internally pale ochreous. Tarsi dark fuscous,
with the ends of the joints paler. Anterior wings dark reddish-
brown; a little before the middle is a fuscous spot surrounded by
whitish; and a little beyond the middle are two small fuscous
spots separated by a white atom; before the hinder margin is a
very faint, pale angulated fascia; and on the hinder margin are a
few fuscous spots; cilia pale reddish-brown. Posterior wings
whitish-grey, with paler cilia.
Mr. Weir has two specimens, taken in Sussex, probably at
sugar, near Brighton.
Sp. 40. Cherophylli, Z. (Isis, 1839, S. 196.)
Badia, Haw.
Badiella, St.
Heracleana, ¥.?
Zeller states that he has bred this insect in plenty from larvee
found on Cherophyllum bulbosum. I have taken several of this in
July and August at sugar.
Its larger size, and the ochreous basal patch on the costa, rea-
dily distinguish it from the following.
Sp. 41. Ultimella,n. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. 6.)
Ale anticze anguste, striis numerosis atris, posterioré fascia
pallida acuté angulat4; punctis duobus albis fusco-cinctis in
medio.
Allied to cherophylli, but smaller, and the pale fascia more
angulated ; also destitute of the ochreous shoulder of cherophylli,
with the central portion of the wing marked as in nervosa, from
which species this is distinguished by its size, and much narrower
anterior wings.
Expansion of the wings 73 lines.
Genera Depressaria, &c. 167
Head reddish-ochreous. Face pale ochreous. Palpi, second
joint, pale ochreous above, beneath reddish-brown ; terminal joint
pale ochreous internally, with a dark fuscous spot before the
apex, externally rather dark, with the dark spot before the apex,
the apex itself pale. Antenne fuscous. Thorax pale reddish-
ochreous. Abdomen griseous, anal tuft pale ochreous. Legs
pale ochreous internally, externally darker. Tarsi pale ochreous
internally, externally reddish-brown, with the ends of the joints
paler. Anterior wings dull reddish-brown, with numerous short
longitudinal black streaks, which are thickest on the costal half of
the wing; a little before the hinder margin these form the outer
edge of an extremely angulated fascia, beyond which the apical
portion of the wing is entirely fuscous ; a little before the middle
of the wing is a black spot margined with whitish, and imme-
diately beyond it is another likewise margined with whitish ; cilia
pale reddish-brown. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia.
Taken by Mr. Weir near Lewes, in September, 1848, by beat-
ing thatch.
This may perhaps be the apiosa of Haworth. I know no other
that will at all answer his description of ‘ puncto exacté in medio,
minutissimo, niveo, fusco-cincto.”
Sp. 42. Nervosa, Haw., St.
Daucella, Z. (Isis, 1839, 8.196), Tr.? W. V.?
Recognized at once by the extremely angulated fascia of the
anterior wings, and its concolorous glossy appearance.
Taken in plenty by Mr. Weir this autumn from thatch, in the
neighbourhood of Lewes: Mr. E. Shepherd also took the insect
at Weybridge.
This must be the daucella of Zeller, from the character of the
fascia, yet he gives apiella, Hiibner, as a synonyme, which isa
much darker insect, and appears to me identical with badiella.
+ Sp. 43. Emeritella, Heyden, (Mann's Cat.)
This very distinct species has not yet, I believe, been de-
scribed. It has some resemblance to albipunctella, but is much
larger, and the head, palpi, and centre of the thorax, are bright
ochreous yellow.
There are specimens of it in the British Museum.
VOL. V. Je
168 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Species of the
Sp. 44. Badiella, Hbn. 92, Tr., Z., Ev.
Apicella, St.
Apiella, Hiib. 94?
Pastinacella, Dup. pl. 291, f. 5 (not 4).
Var. 8. Palporum articulo secundo infra ochraceo, nec fusco.
Not uncommon among the juniper bushes near Sandersted in
August.
Of var. 8 I have a specimen; and Mr. Bedell has another,
taken at the same time and place with the ordinary variety.
Sp. 45. Pastinacella, Dup. XI. 158, pl. 291, f. 4 (not 5).
Variable in shade of colour, generally grey ; sometimes almost
as dark as the preceding; but the anterior wings are narrower.
In the middle of the wing are two ocellated markings, much more
distinct than in nervosa.
Duponchel’s figure has a reddish tinge, which I have not ob-
served in any of the specimens I have seen. I have no doubt
that this was the species sent by Fischer to Duponchel, his ob-
servation, quoted by the latter, being so very applicable :—“ This
was taken at first for a pale variety of badiella of Hiibner; but
M. Zeller has reared several hundred specimens from the larva
which feeds on Pastinaca sativa, and has not obtained a single one
as dark as that figured by Hiibner, and which we take sparingly
here and there.”
Though Duponchel was thus aware that this insect was very
like badiella, with which insect he was not acquainted, yet he did
not hesitate to figure as the other sex of pastinacella, a specimen
which he had obtained from the Department du Nord, which
differs considerably from his other figure, and which I have no
hesitation in pronouncing a veritable badiella,
+ Sp. 46. Veneficella, Z. (Isis, 1847, 8. 842.)
** Major, alis anterioribus elongatis, rotundatis, brunneo-griseis,
linea disci fusca longitudinali, partim pallido-squamata, lineolis
ante apicem fuscis; abdomine ciliato, palporum articuli ter-
minalis basi annuloque fuscis.” Z. 1. c.
Taken by Zeller near Syracuse; the larve plentiful in April
and May on Thapsia garganica. His specimens emerged from
the pupa from the 20th of May to the 5th of June. He found
only one specimen of the perfect insect at large.
Genera Depressaria, &c. 169
Sp. 47. Heracleana, De Geer, II. 1, 294, Z., St.
Heraclei, Haw.
Umbellana, F.
A common species; the larva plentiful in June and July on
Heracleum sphondylium, from which I have myself bred it.
Linnzeus appears to have had a confused notion of his hera-
cleana, since he says in the Fauna Suecica :—“ Hujus plures
species apud nos sunt, que magnitudine differunt, sed notis spe-
cificis non facile distinguuntur.” The heracleana of the Linnean
Cabinet is, as observed by Haworth, a specimen of applana.
+ Sp. 48. Dictamnella, F. v. ee Drs Zs, BD:
The largest species of the genus, and most distinct. It
occurs in Hungary, and the larva feeds on Dictamnus albus in
June.
SuppreMEenTAL Note.—I have now concluded the enumeration
of the species which are known and described by recent authors,
and will now just refer to two species, which appear to have
escaped the observation of the present generation of collectors.
In the first place, there is the rutana of Fabricius, which is evi-
dently a Depressaria. ‘ Alee depressz fuscz, lineolis abbreviatis,
numerosissimis, tenuissimis, transversis, albis. Preeterea puncto
duo parva, elevata, approximata, atra in medio.” . F38)2) 287,
‘‘ Habitat in Gallia Ruta, cujus folia contorquet.” And secondly,
the zephyrella of Hiibner (not of Stephens), whose figure is
copied by Wood, No. 1193. ‘Treitschke gives this as a synonyme
of his zephyrella, which Zeller unhesitatingly gives as a synonyme
of terrella, but has not given zephyrella, Hubner, as a synonyme,
nor given any reason for omitting it. Hiibner’s figure resembles
no Gelechia that I know, and has much more the appearance of a
Depressaria.
The Hemylis Lefebvriella of Duponchel, pl. 290, fig. 11, is not
a Depressaria; it is the Reeslerstammia Heleniella of Zeller, the
Acrolepia autumnitella of Curtis, and the Tortrix (Eupecilia, St.)
pygmeana of Haworth and Stephens.
As so many of our entomologists are in possession of Wood's
Index Entomologicus, the figures in which are mostly very good
(but from the defective nomenclature, the work has now become
y 2
~
170. Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Species of the
comparatively useless), I here give the true names of the insects
of this group figured in Wood’s Plate 38 :—
INO. JIG. ec eas Sparganiellus (good).
NIGH ESS 53 ... Heracleana (too grey).
1164........ulicetella (good).
MAGS 36 t aratets ulicetella (not good).
1166........nervosa (not good).
1167........nervosa (good).
1 TGS 5.5, 2 rete badiella (good).
AUG ee .. cherophylli (good).
WTO eis, '6 ...carduella (middling).
INN enGnone arenella (paler than ordinary specimens).
IWS aged . .liturella (good).
1173........costosa (not good).
1174........arenella (var.)
1175........characterella (good).
Noe eae
WINGS SS cee fenton (good).
MAL 78 cictelat =
1179........Alstremeriana (good).
1180........ultimella ? (not bad).
TVS1 o cisinws A Peronea.
1182........costosa (good).
ATS Gs miles sxejers assimilella (good).
ASA eaves 6 Hypericella (good).
WINGO Sei cin depressana (good).
UUSGri. oc oie purpurea (not very good).
INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMES IN THE
FOREGOING PAPER.
No. Page.
ve lidorts CAL fe Bel Sh pean as oy ee RE OOO SE res 11°) 5.0 how
AMMO DUH |G ERS 4 SR AO oes apanadeo acc 36 .. 164
Albipunctella, Hbn. St. Tr. D. Z. Ev....... 86) 2s el G4
AALUSCL GAS tae & eieic cs. ci bea lols «bole ettene Spas 1h Se
AUS ceEMeT ENG, LY cae © dtoleks sis's «planeta oo ore Al gs
Alstreemert, Haw... <@ sos cole eee See eer hy ooh y
Alstremeriana, Gost. Ze 2564s sees s vee ew (Ld eSere 157
Alstrepmiana, lips cine sissorete wie clacis ete OU Pee a sy
Angelicella, Hbn. Tr. Z. Ev. ...-.2..5+-- Wiehe MDS
Apicella, St. sie ok ccve «ele esa jeield wile stricta 44 .. 168
Apicella, Hub.... 2%. AOA ocr Tic a6 oh 44 .. 168
Genera Depressaria, &c.
No.
Apiosa, Haw. .ccessecccccscccccrcesssse 41
Applana, F. Haw, St. Z. ssc eee eee eee eee 25
Applanella, F. F. ve. Rive ecee ee eeeeeeecee 25
Arenella, W. V. Tr. F.v. R. D. Z. Lie. Ev.. 8
Assumulella, Tr: Esvo kh. Di Zee... 52523 &
Hiomella; W.. Vi, Hub. Ze. soe. 2s oie ss cose 7
Atonellad, Sty. < so. ¥ =: sieve a op eeraortbesateye ie fee's 5
PALOMOSGs, ELAW <2 5,0: eo: Sisiensiciie s1evolsye oye seve ste 5
(Badia Tawis oc sc %sleele siofeisie o, eo'= he i) < 40
Badiella, Hibn. Tr. 7. Ev. 20.65. -s0 0s sce 44
Bradtelig Sts nis Geieiere oi aisle tele sie a «it~ ss s\eiss 40
TE Ak OS Se ROE Ooo CR oICKG OOO e ee ont
Caprella, Sta....+..+..secee Matatalcs citer ats ohc 13
Capreolella, ZL. ..ceese cece cc cceesceeeee 14
Garducila, THUD: 250020 2s ois 62 oe oie 18& 19
Garduella, St.acss «6 seve! o shavei'ers wistate Sees ut
(Us RTT Ay BOC OOC OOOO DORI. 18
Charophylli, Ze... eee cece ee cece ceeseee 40
Characterella, W. V. Tr. D. Z. Lie. Fv.... 20
Characterosa, Haw. ..o...0.+ oscoes ses cee ate
Cicutella, Hiib. Tr. D. Ev. .......+0-.--- 25
Grlsellas Stan ss seis vecisiove eieieie 01 e2,0, 00-6 10 6 26
Ciniflonella, Z. cece es cee eecee een sceccs 21
Gnicella, Ure Be Ve Bs Dy Zieeis o0-u0.0015.2> 31
(QC TALITY IC OIRO CIO OTOL IG -. 34
Conterminella, Z. ...seceee-s RR oo bd Ge 16
WOslOserpELAWo Ole cere oxen, sacerscsyers 0 se ye: 1
Curvipunctosa, IBIig Bib. geo codbeouDoeoUS 16
ucla WN Dei Lis » cra. o 00.0 cies mibinye) a0) 42
Depressana, F. Z. ....--+0eeeeeeeeeeecee 34
Depressella, F. Hib. D. .....-+++-- ++ ee 34
Depunctella, Hitb. Tr. D. Z. 2. ee ee eens 1
Dictamnella, F. v. R. Tr. D. Z. «22-200 48
Douglasella, Sta. 1... cee eeee reece ceees 38
Emeritella, Heyd. ...cceecesveeeee Bierersisus 43
Pepulae, Livtelo «Meieis,=,-sesi.9 Misti efesre sraareres « 29
imoclla. FADNE) soi. cle q soe cs ce1s's se o's 2
UADOSA. FLAW. cc ciate diols Oreo oictoieie = nies oa oo 2
Purvetla, Tes Lis. « «e020 cots 5500 Roe pes!)
Gilvella, Hiib. St. ..... ccc ee cceoriercecs 8
Gilvosa, Haw. ...ce.... ccccccsceccecs ge!
Hepatariella, Zi sesessesveeceessessees soe
172 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Species of the
- No. Page.
Heracleana, L. De Geer, St. Z. .sseeseass A7e)), ees
Hleracteana, Vo wae is icseeeissoeee ee 40 .. 166
Fleraclei, Haw. 2220393 ssaists Ses tele ee’ AT © Seles
Heracliella, Hib. Tr. F. v. R. Zett......... TSP gwiS9
THerachetla, Di oie oo ess ccd oe eee 10&18 ..156, 159
Humerella, D:) cot. erie tsi eee ee ee BS" ee GR
Hypericella, Hbn. Tr. D. Z. Lie. ...... 64 Da SS
Immaculana, Stisicis.ce.ss DsSsasbesaven Se S055
Hmourelia, Wr. Tvs Zip te ct see cae 6 oes 33) oe els
Untermediella. Sta, 2658 ce seek sccee eens 24 Fer AGO
TTROF EUG SS £ckeet eee eee ths DOSER Oe 5) tome
Laierella, W. V.Z. F. vi Re 2.500600 3° TB oo ees
TECPEDUSIENIA, A) cto le'n'seleiatsicis et « ‘ss. Supp. Note™ a2) Gg
Liturella, Hub. St. ..... i ira eee eed pe a PS MDS O aS
Pevuretia: WENA Vr DE Ze. O83 Soe 8s a des IE SSS
EMUTOSU AAW. 35% 4:53 S45 cee ee ee eles See ME ig x
iionietlas NEN < v's 6s otele os cto ee ee Oe eee Lys be.
INDIE URIS CAs is oa eis ete aloes bic oes eee Go sk ' DS4
WVeCTEoSa, (LAW. ts. Sera ore sea ae eee tis tier 42° 93 NGF
Wccliands Ses. wk © siese- otek oc.a et iaree Bae ene 20° ss" 159
Patloreila Di. ect. % oiteae sis is, alade¥e iets Maxson tehe 3° 22> 5S
Parilellas Urs Zi. lieve. «6% as eileh ats alae totems 28 52" 162
Pastinacella, Dist occcsc ceded: sswwdeces,) 448745. St MGS
MICLOTALGNEUG. Dian ins lo tera hs faa sd 7,0'% Bete ate O7.% te! M62
Spa Lalieey hs W356 ARO ASAE AG oo On AO Soon 35 .. 164
Propmyuella, Tr. F.v. RZ. Ev..-5+...-2.0 19 Yee) doo
WEelia MEAD Ae ic' «faisle's etelola’e Seis oh Oss hee 1 ai 557
Pulcherrimella, Sta. ........ steiohesevetane seme NOt ee om
Pulverelila, Tr. F. vi Ru.icss 0's eS leantios «ete 7 he? AS
Pulverella, Ev. ........ alee iolete ta siete e%.ce O00 Se Od
HUE DUNETL, AAW Sts! ote olcliajs mtele te ieiels «tes =< 12 se on
utriad, Taw.) 2 ss.s 6s 6s eh hie Sitove tere Wicte ees 23>. 160
WPTICTAGOLICs BAUD co's io.'s sie 'w-diess' ss wie eis ciao 5 2825 Ge
drespersclla,) Ural. We Wt. %./!s\e = sfo ib te taets ones Tae SS
EOLUNCEL a, YOUR: Sotsie'n o ole vic’ sin ioe sstole hots it (BI se) ee
Rubidella, Hib. D. ........ a {ole tote ie re's Totate 1 MPa |
PRULONG \ivwtatele oles ol-)ewisislaisicisieleisieks Supp. Note .. 169
pimnella, ELUD. 3.522252 Bs Gb hk ereteiete rs 20) he SS
PLONOSH st A Wameiete = elope etic bee tetera teletets oaees eUeruey loo
Sparganielia, Thunb, Ar, DiuZ -... cee cee ee Oe
pparmanniana, Ko St. -\...'s\\< 16 eleaicisaieleleis nee ee) Lule
Spar tiand, TUG. 9 iis'sleiste ileal tolehstele etatetatets Pie erT5s
Genera Depressaria, §c. 173
i No. Page.
Subpropinquella, Sta. .....eseeseesseesees TOs ee LoG
LUE EER SRB Orn eigen SCIOTO DO Bae De ae log
Mastellas ELWDan <6 tie cick A aces oysiela. © ie cee oul!
Miieetella. Stas. see.creistbectires evans oneeedes = Ales oe ela
itemella Stags sb oie nus cies acts onlin a pial ate 232 ADs oe J 116G
Wanbellana obs: oti taisiatoie stoi oi sac tteysiers svscein'o eee Ataece . Loo
Uimbellanty® Sto% swiss ccc a8 saps sth as sehr 4 .. 154
Wanbel ian ump klawere cco: oye c56 Sis, s. esas onsceue baci 4 .. 154
Vacemelasblubs. Urs: Dy Zit ois esancsat outine © ce Loe 5 og
[Fe Pa GAT EROS a AE CR On yO 4G. 22 s 168
Penasasat laws St. 5 %«,c.dsi a1 siecs os) dye ose (Se so.4,6, 8k Ij, es abo
Dec eerucace Trap aa 28 ho) eon ay snes oes ane eus''s aus ds) 5, 5h *s OS] aa 60
WERESANG St. a creas 60,0 90 es BOE DCC elas
MePLISEe Ete cas tera Stoves cea ciavee wi sicheie's 6 Boos IEC
PCIr UA. SEAN. Bors wines oa) eee 0 SR sae 6, oes OO) eg UGE
Zephyrella, Hiab. .......+e2s+++-- Supp. Note .. 169
XXXIV. On the British Species of the Genus Gelechia of
Zeller. By J. W. Douglas, Esq.
[Read December 4th, 1848.]
For many years the Micro-lepidoptera of Britain have been greatly
neglected, and a great confusion of names has arisen. Since the
publication of the works of Haworth and Stephens there has been
no systematic attempt to identify either our named or unnamed
species with those known on the continent, notwithstanding that,
in the Isis of 1839, Zeller has described and enumerated a great
number. I have been requested to bear a part in helping to elu-
cidate ‘this Babel called Micro-lepidopterology,” as M. Guénée
says; and if occasionally I should wander from the right path in
the mazes of synonymy, it will be more from the difficulty of see-
ing my way, than from want of endeavour to find it.
The genus Gelechia of Zeller is about equivalent to Lita of
Treitschke, and includes the greater part of the genus Anacampsis
of Curtis, and the whole or portions of the genera Recurvaria, Che-
174 Mr. J. W. Douglas on the
laria, Cleodora, Acompsia, Enicostoma, Telea, Glyphipteryx, Panca-
lia, Harpagus, &c. of British authors. It is a large genus, bringing
together many allied species, which in our catalogues are mixed
with others not nearly related, and placed in several genera; it is
on this account, and because the clearing up of the synonymy of
species, rather than the examination of genera, is the object now
before me, that [ have adopted it. {admit that it is capable of
subdivision ; but, when our species are clearly made out, it will
be time enough to consider genera more particularly.
I propose to take the species without reference to the sections
into which Zeller has divided the genus, because, while I can at
once proceed with some about which no doubts exist, I cannot be
so sure about others without comparison with foreign specimens,
and it may be some considerable time ere an opportunity of
making that arrives. At the end, I will give a synopsis of the
species, arranged according to their affinities.
GevecuiA, Zeller.
“ Head smooth; palpi at least as long as the thorax, recurved,
compressed, with a long thin and pointed terminal joint ; tongue
moderately long. Attitude of the wings as in Depressaria ; ante-
rior longish, posterior trapezoidal, with long or moderately long
cilia.”
A The last joint of the palpi fine, thin and pointed.
a The posterior wings broader than the anterior wings, or
at least as broad.
a The last joint of the palpi longer than the penultimate.
— Nothris, Hib.
( The last joint of the palpi shorter than the penultimate.
—Gelechia, Hib.
b The posterior wings narrower than the anterior.—Brach-
mia, Hib.
B The last joint of the palpi with a beard on the back, as it
were compressed and widened.
a The posterior wings broader than the anterior.—Che-
laria, Haw.
B The posterior wings narrower than the anterior.—Metz-
neria, Zckn.
British Species of the Genus Gelechia of Zeller. 175
Sp. 1. Populella.
G. Populella, Z.
Ti. Populella, L.
Lita. Populella, F. v. R. pl. 76 and 77, f. 1.
Anac. Populella, St. (Cat.)
Re. Populi, Haw.
An. laticinctella, St. (Ill.), Wood, 1188.
Ti. Blattariella, H. 148.
Re. Junipert, Haw.
An. Juniperella, St., Wood, 1187 (non L.)
An. hortuella, St. (non Wood.)
Tinea Juniperella of Linné is erroneously given as British.
Haworth quotes it, and says it is found on poplars; but F. v. R.
has reared it from junipers, and figures its preparatory states.
Zeller places it in his genus Ypsolophus near to fasciellus, H. (Ma-
crochila fasciella, St., Wood, 1245.)
Sp. 2. Lobella.
G. lobella, Z.
Ti. lobella, W. V., H. 238, Tr,
Py. Thunbergana, Fab.
En. Thunbergana, St., Wood, 1250.
Re. Thunbergi, Haw.
Sp. 3. Cinerella.
G. cinerella, Z.
Tx. cineretla, L., Tr., H. 173.
Re. cinerea, Haw.
Acompsia cinerella, St., Wood, 1242.
Sp. 4. Malvella,
G. Malvella, Z., F. v. R. pl. 1, f. 46.
Ti. Malvella, H. 281.
T. Listerella, L.?
An. Listerella, St. (l.)
Re. lutarea, Haw. p. 549, No 10.
Of this species, Hiibner’s figure is not good, as stated by Zeller,
but it is well figured by I’. v. R., and said by him to feed on Al-
theea rosea (Hollyhock.) It may be the Listerella of Linné, but
his descriptior is not sufficiently definite to determine.
176 Mr. J. W. Douglas on the
Sp. 5. Gallinella.
G. gallinella, Z.
Lita. gallinella, Tischer, Tr., Dup. 296, f. 9.
Re. Betulea, Haw. (non JT. Betulinella, H.)
An. Betulea, St., Wood, 1192.
An. lanceolella, St., Wood, 1210.
Sp. 6. Leucatella.
G. leucatella, Z.
Ti. leucatella, L., H. 146.
Erm. leucatea, Haw.
Telea leucatella, St., Wood, 1290.
Lita. albo-cingulella, Dup. 298, fig. 13.
Sp. 7. Triparella.
G. triparella, Mtzn., Z., Dup.
Re. dodecea, Haw.
An. dodecella, St., Wood, 1200 (non L.)
Ti. paripunctella, Thunb. ?
Sp. 8. Dodecella.
G. dodecella, Z. (Isis, 1839, p. 335.)
Ti. dodecella, L.
G. favillaticella, Z. (Isis, 1839, p. 201.)
An. aspera, Wood, 1202.
An. annulicornis, St., Wood, 1199.
An. Pinetella, Bentley (MS.)
The /Jarva, according to Madame Lienig, feeds till the middle
of May in the small, not full-grown, shoots, of the Pinus Abies.
(Isis, 1846.)
Sp. 9. Mouffettella.
G. Mouffettella, Z, (Isis, 1846.)
Ti. Mouffettella, L.? H. 245.
An. Mouffettella, St., Wood, 1201.
G. pedisequella, Z. (Isis, 1839) non H. 95.
The larva, according to Madame Lienig, feeds during May,
on honeysuckle, where it inhabits a tubular closely-fitting web
between united leaves. The insect lies nearly four weeks in
British Species of the Genus Gelechia of Zeller. 177
pupa, and appears from the middle of June to far in July.
(Isis, 1846.)
Sp. 10. Terrella.
G. terrella, Z.
Ti. terrella, W. V., H. 170.
1. terrella, F. v. R. pl. 80, f. 1 and pl. 96.
Ti. pauperella, H. (Cat.)
Re. subcinerea, Haw. ?
Re. Listeri, Haw.
An. lutarea, St., Wood, 1197.
An. subcinerea, St., Wood, 1196.
An. cinerella, St., Wood, 1195.
Sp. 11. Aleella.
G. aleella, Z.
Ti. aleella, Fab.
Ti. alternella, H. 151.
Re. alterna, Haw.
An. alternella, St., Wood, 1229.
Yp. bicolorella, Tr.
L. bicolorella, Dup.
Sp. 12. Nanella.
G. nanella, Z.
Ti. nanella, W. V., H. 264.
Re. nana, var. 3, Haw.
An. sequax, St.? Wood, 1213.
An. Padifoliella, Westw. (non H.)
Sp. 13. Luculella.
G. luculella, Z.
Ti. luculella, H. 397.
Re. subrosea, Haw.
An, subrosea, St.
An. luctuella, St., Wood, 1206 (non H.)
An. marmorea, Wood, 1218.
Sp. 14. Scriptella.
G. scriptella, Z.
Ti. scriptella, H. 152, Tr.
Re. Blattarie, Haw.
An. Tremella, St., Wood, 1123 (non W. V.)
178
Sp.
Sp.
Sp.
Sp.
=o liGis
Mice
18.
19:
. 20.
Mr. J. W. Douglas on the
» Vulgella.
G. vulgella, Z.
Ti. vulgella, H. 346, W. V.?
Ke. aspera, Haw.
An. aspera, St.
An. subrosea, Wood, 1219.
Longicornis.
An, longicornis, Curt. 4, pl. 189, St., Wood, 1198.
G. histrionella, Z.
7%. histrionella, H. 464.
L. zebrella, Tisch., Tr.
Ericinella.
G. Evicinella, Z.
Ti. micella, H. 210, Tr.
Panc. Merianella, St., Wood, 1385 (non L.)
Hermannella.
G. Hermannella, Z.
Ti. Hermannella, Fab., Tr.
Ti. Zinckenella, H. 401, 402.
Glyph. Zinckella, St., Wood, 1372,
Glyph. Schefferella, St., Wood, 1373.
Conscriptella.
G. conscriptella, Z.
Ti. conscriptella, H. 283.
Chel. conscripta, Haw.
Chel. rhomboidella, St., Wood, 1235 (non L.)
Sororculella.
G. sororculella, Z.
Ti. sororculella, H. 440.
An. Erice, Westw., Humph. B. Moths, pl. 104,
als.
Expansion of wings 7 to 8 lines. Head grey-brown; antenne
brown-black ; thorax red-brown; anterior mings shining, red-brown,
lighter on the inner margin: in the centre is a strong black streak
placed longitudinally ; in which, just before the middle of the
wing, isa white spot having a black dot in the centre, and the end
of the streak is as it were cut off by a white mark, so that a black
spot appears beyond a white one. Below the central white spot,
British Species of the Genus Gelechia of Zeller. 179
in the groove of the wing, is a thin black streak having white
intervals. Beyond the middle is an acutely-angled buff fascia,
from the costal end of which round the posterior margin to the
anal angle are seven or eight long black dots, placed on a buff
ground: cilia grey-brown. Posterior wings silver-grey, cilia con-
colorous. Body griseous.
This moth sometimes varies in having on the anterior wings
more small black streaks than those I have mentioned. I bred
two on the 28th June, 1848, from larva found in leaves of sallows,
and took two on 11th July in the evening flying about sallows at
Dulwich wood. It is also in the Bentley cabinet, taken, Mr.
Westwood says, in the north of England.
XXXV. Descriptions of some new Species of Coleoptera.
By Jo EF. S. Parry, Esq: FG.S:, &e-
[Read 5th February, 1849.]
Family LEBIADZ.
Genus Puysopera, Eschscholtz.
Physodera Eschscholtzii.
(Plate XVIII. fig. 2.)
Phys. niger, nitidus, ceruleo-tinctus ; thorace cyaneo; elytris
splendide cupreis, marginibus viridi-czeruleis.
Long. corp. 3% lin.; lat. 1# lin.
Inhabits Ceylon and the Philippine Islands.
Although the present insect wants the bladder-like swelling on
either side of the thorax, which characterizes the species on which
Eschscholtz founds his genus Physodera, it nevertheless agrees so
closely with that insect in all other particulars, that I do not
hesitate to place it in the same genus. One is naturally led to
question whether the swellings on the thorax may not be a sexual
distinction, but on this point I have not been able to satisfy myself.
Both species, viz. the P. Dejeani and the P. Eschscholtzii, were
brought by Mr. Cuming from the Philippine Islands,* and are
now deposited in the collection of the British Museum ; and, upon
* My own specimen of the P. Eschscholtzii is from Ceylon,
180 Mr. J. F. 8. Parry on some
comparing these together, I can only perceive differences in the
feet, palpi, &c., which appear rather to be specific than sexual.
The P. Eschscholtzii is a larger insect than P. Dejeani, its legs
and antenne are relatively rather longer and more slender, the
elytra are larger in proportion and more elongated, and the punc-
tures of the striz are a trifle more distinct; the thorax moreover
is less distinctly punctured on the hinder part. The eyes are
very prominent, and there is a mesial fovea on the forehead, and
an irregular depression on either side near the insertion of the
antennze. The thorax is broader than long, and rather suddenly
dilated in the middle ; the anterior angles are produced and ob-
tuse, the posterior angles produced laterally, and acute ; the lateral
margins somewhat reflected, and the reflected portion very broad ;
the disc convex, and with a deep mesial groove, terminating pos-
teriorly in a fovea, and there are two largish shallow fovea behind,
one near each angle, in which are some scattered punctures, as
there are likewise near the anterior angles of the thorax: the
posterior margin is produced in the middle, in the form of a large,
and nearly semicircular lobe. The scutellum is minute and
pointed. The elytra are moderately convex, and have a narrow
reflected margin: they are rather delicately punctate-striated ; of
a brilliant copper colour, with green-blue margin. The thorax is
steel blue, and the remaining parts are black, with a faint blue
tinge. The whole insect is exceedingly glossy.
Genus PuysocroTaPuus.
A new genus belonging to the section of Truncatipennes, and
allied to Cymindis, distinguished by a large head, swollen behind
the eyes, combined with long and somewhat slender antenne,
elongated palpi and jaws (the former with the terminal joint by
no means securiform), and simple tarsi and claws.
Physocrotaphus Ceylonicus, g. (Plate XVIII. fig. 1).
Phys. niger, nitidus, antennis pedibusque piceo-testaceis, thorace
cordiformi, postice truncato, foveis duabus impresso, mar-
ginibus lateralibus reflexis. Elytris striatis, striis leviter
punctatis, interstiis punctulatis.
Long. corp. 7 lin.
Habitat Ceylon.
The above described species appearing to me to bear much
resemblance to an insect described (from Mr. Melly’s collection)
by Mr. Westwood in the fourth volume of our Transactions, I
new Species of Coleoptera. 181
forwarded it to that gentleman, and through his kindness I am
enabled to furnish the following particulars relating to the two
insects. Although closely allied to the Helluodes Taprobane, the
Physocrotaphus Ceylonicus differs both generically and specifically.
The general form of the body, large simple mandibles, palpi
and maxille, flattened head and prothorax, and even the striation
and punctation of the elytra, agree with Mr. Melly’s insect; the
head, however, is not of that disproportionate size, and it wants
the two elevated tubercules between the eyes, which are replaced
by two oval impressions; the upper lip has the anterior angles
acute, and the basal joint of the antennz is elongate: but the
chief character in which it differs from Helluodes consists in the
form of the lower lip, the mentum having the central lobe acutely
bifid, whilst the labium is short, transversely truncate at the tip,
with long sete, and with very distinct lateral paraglosse. This
is the more remarkable, because it has the long naked Jabrum of
Helluodes (vol. iv. pl. 21, fig. Bat), which mainly gives that insect
a relation with Hellwo, whilst the structure of the mentum and
labium above described agrees with that of the Feronides ; still
the anterior tarsi, which, although not dilated, are strongly setose
on the under side (indicating this specimen to be a male), and the
regularly truncate elytra, show an affinity to the 7’runcatipennes,
and render the genera FHelluodes and Physocrotaphus two of the
most interesting of Carabideous insects.
Div. TRICHIADE.
Genus Fam. Tricuius, Fab.
Sub-genus, Diatiruus, (Parry).
Sp. 1. Trichius (Dialithus magnificus 9.) (Plate XVIII. fig. 4.)
Niger, nitidus, clypeo bifido, thoracisque vittis, elytrorum
pygidiique maculis, argenteo-opalinis, femoribus anterioribus
rufis.
Long. corp. lin. 9; lat. corp, lin. 4.
This is one of the most magnificent species of the group of
Melitophila belonging to the genus T'richius.
With most of the essential characters of the species of T'richius,
this beautiful insect presents certain peculiarities which have in-
duced me to institute the new section, to which I have given the
name Dialithus, for its reception. Compared with the typical
species of Trichius, the most striking points of distinction in the
Dialithus magnificus are the deeply cleft clypeus, the great length
and slenderness of the tarsi, and the brilliancy of its colouring.
182 Mr. J. F.S. Parry on some
The specimen described is a female, having the anterior tibize
bidentate, and is from the upper province of Mexico. A second
specimen is in the collection of the British Museum, and this col-
lection, like my own, is indebted to Mr. W. Wilson Saunders for
this valuable addition.
Sp. 2. Macronota alboguttata. (Plate XVIII. fig. 3.)
Nigra, nitida, supra et subtus albo-maculata, capite thoraceque
crebre punctulatis, hoc vitta mediana illo vittis duabus, elytris
maculis quatuor, pygidio macula centralis albis.
Long. lin. 3.
Habitat India.
This species belongs to the group of Macronota, which has a
longitudinal excavation on the thorax and scutellum, and to which
Dr. Burmeister restricts the generic name of Macronota ; and to-
gether with MW. Diardi, M. trisulcata, M. dives, forming part of
his first division, although published in the catalogue of Cetoniade
of the collection in the British Museum, under the name of albo-
gutta, it has hitherto remained undescribed. It has also been
received from the Philippine Islands.
Sp. 3. Pachyteria bicolor, De}. (Plate XVIII. fig. 5.)
Nigra elytrorum dimidia anterior, antennarum articulis septem
primis, tibiis anterioribus tarsisque flavis, elytrorum di-
midio posteriore obscure viridi nitido.
ae
Long. 13 inch.
Habitat Java.
This beautiful insect is one of the numerous undescribed species
to be found in the catalogue of the Jate Count De Jean’s collec-
tion, and having been assured by a letter lately received from my
friend Dr. Schaum, from Paris, of the identity of the species, I
have thought it not unworthy of a place in our Transactions.
Fam. BRENTHIDES, Scho,
Cyphagogus* Westwoodu. (Plate XVIII. fig. 9.)
Cyph. niger; nitidus, elytris crenato-striatis ; femoribus incras-
satis, in medio inciso constrictis.
Long. corp. 4 lin.
Hab. Ceylon.
Head a trifle shorter than the thorax, and varying but little in
* From xvpis, a kind of collar; and ay, break, cut asunder, &c., in allusion
to the peculiar form of the prothorax.
new Species of Coleoptera. 183
width throughout; it is about equally broad at the distal ex-
tremity and in the region of the eyes, slightly contracted in the
space between the antennz and the eyes, and more distinctly
contracted behind: the eyes of moderate size, but little convex,
round, and placed nearly midway between the opposite extremities
of the head. On the fore part of the head is a faint longitudinal
groove, and there are some fine punctures scattered on this part:
the hinder part of the head is smooth.
Thorax distinctly longer than broad ; about one-third shorter
than the elytra, but equalling the body in width. The posterior
half of this segment is nearly cylindrical, and exhibits a few in-
distinct longitudinal rugze, and some scattered punctures on the
upper surface. The fore half of the thorax is compressed, so that
the dorsal surface presents an obtuse keel, and on this keel are
two transverse indentations, as well as a longitudinal groove.
The hinder part of the keel is most raised, and forms a hump.
Body nearly cylindrical, but the elytra are slightly depressed
on the fore part: they are crenato-striated. Near the apex of
the elytra the suture is raised.
Femora and tibiz deep and compressed; the hinder femora
long and stout, and swollen in the middle (vide wood-cut); the
tibiae equal in length to the femora, equally stout, and most broad
at the distal extremity. The hinder tarsi are likewise very stout.
The antennz are equal to the thorax in length, moderately
thick at the base, and becoming gradually broader to the apex:
the nine basal joints are nearly spherical; the three terminal
joints are distinctly larger than the rest and somewhat com-
pressed ; two of them present a nearly square outline, whilst the
last joint is longer than broad and somewhat pointed.
This insect approaches to the species of Taphroderes in many
of its characters, but differs in having the head much broader in
front of the eyes, and more especially in the elongated form of
the hinder femora. On account of these differences, I have de-
scribed it under a new generic title; and I may here observe,
that the insect described by Mr. Westwood under the name Ta-
phroderes Whitei, possessing all the essential characters of the
Cyphagogus Westwoodii, should be arranged under the same sec-
tional name. The former insect differs from the C. Westwoodii in
having the thorax distinctly punctured, and in wanting the con-
striction in the middle of the hinder femora; it is moreover much
smaller, and has the tip of the rostrum, as well as the legs and
antenne, pitchy red, whereas in the C. Westwoodu all these parts
are black.
VOL. V. U
184 Mr. J. F. S. Parry on some
- a
iN : i=
I, k, 1, m, n. Details of Taphroderes Westwoodii, g.
("
I, head ; k, head and prothorax seen sideways.
1, fore leg ; m, hind leg seen sideways; n, ditto seen more obliquely.
Fig. A, b, c. Details of Taphroderes 4-signatus 9 .*
A, head seen from above ; b, fore leg ; c, hind leg.
D, e, f, g, h. Details of Taphroderes Whitei, g&.
D, head; e, head and prothorax seen sideways.
f, fore leg ; g, fore tarsus; h, hind leg.
CreramByx Gracitipes. (Plate XVIII. fig. 6.)
This insect, it appears to me, belongs to the same great division
of the Longicorns as the genera Aromia, Calichroma and their
allies. In having the hinder tibia slender and compressed, and
especially in having the first joint of the hinder tarsus elongated
and much compressed, combined with a thorax destitute of lateral
spines, it approaches most nearly to Chrysoprasis and Promeces.
With the latter it further agrees in having the antenne incrassated
at the apex ; the femora, however, are not clavate as in the spe-
cies of Promeces, the elytra are much shorter and broader, and
the basal joint of the posterior tarsus is distinctly longer than in
either of the genera mentioned.
Ceramb. niger, thorace rugulis transversis, ad latera puncto
albo, postice punctis tribus albis, notato; scutello albo; ely-
tris singulis in medio fascia obliqua interrupta, notaque trans-
versa ad apicem, albis ornatis.
Long. corp. 9 lin. Hab. Ceylon.
The head is rugose, and longitudinally grooved between the
eyes. The thorax is subconical, becoming gradually broader
towards the hinder part, and presents numerous transverse waved
* [The insect here represented agrees with the female of a singular new species
of Taphroderes from Port Natal, to which I have given the name of 7. distortus.
on account of the singular formation of the mandibles of the male, that on the
right hand side being small, whilst the left hand one is as ong as the head, and
very irregular in form. Had the males only been known, it would have been sup-
posed necessary to form a new subgenus for its reception. The female, however,
proves it to belong to the genus Taphroderes, and I have but little doubt that
when the females of T. Whitei and Cyphagogus Westwoodii are known, they wil
prove to be genuine Taphroderes. J. O. W.]
new Species of Coleoptera. 185
rugz on the dorsal surface and sides; on each side is a small
white spot near the middle, and there is a central white spot on
the hinder margin, and a transverse white line on either side.
The scutellum is white. The elytra are not quite three times the
length of the thorax, broadest at the base, and about one-fourth
narrower at the opposite extremity, which is armed with two
small spines, one being on the inner margin, and the other sepa-
rated from this but by a narrowish space. An oblique ridge
passes backward from the humeral angle of each elytron, and
almost reaches the apex, running obliquely inwards in its course ;
the space between the ridge and the suture is flat, or very
slightly concave. At the base, the elytra are rugose; and, be-
yond, they are rather finely punctured. In the middle of each
elytron is an obliquely-transverse white band (descending as it
passes from the suture outwards), which is interrupted in the
middle; and very near the apex is a transverse white spot. The
antennee are rather longer than the body, including head and
thorax; and so are the slender hind legs.
Length, 8 lin.; width, at base of elytra, 2 lin.
Fam. LAMIADH. (Plate XVIII. fig. 8.)
Lamia enea. (Parry).
Lamia nigra; elytris eneis, nitidis, punctato-striatis ; articulis
antennarum ad basin cinerascentibus.
Long. corp. lin. 14. Habitat Guinea.
A new species of Lamia, belonging to the genus of Monohan-
mus, of Meguli; it is from the environs of Cape Coast Castle.
For this and the following species I am indebted to my friend, F.
Swanzy, Esq., a resident in that country. The principal feature
in this species is the dingy brass colouring of the elytra.
Gen. Masticocera, Dej.
Mastigocera barbicornis, Fab. (Plate X VIII. fig. 7.)
M. Thorace spinoso, elytrisque fusco nigroque variis, albo ma-
culatis, articulo tertio fascicula pilorum.
Long. 13 lin. Habitat Guinea.
The description by Fabricius corresponds so exactly with the
insect received by me from the same locality, that I have no
hesitation in presenting it to your notice as such, Although
previously described, yet, being a very rare and beautiful insect,
a figure of it must prove acceptable to the collector of foreign
Coleoptera.
u2
186 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Notice
XXXVI. Notice of some Hemipterous Insects from Boutan
(East Indies), with Descriptions of the new Species. By
W.S. Dattuas, Esq., F.L.S.
[Read February 5th, 1849.]
Havine been kindly permitted by Dr. Horsfield to examine the
Hemiptera belonging to the museum of the East India Company,
I have now the pleasure to lay before the Society a note of those
species of Scutelleride and Pentatomide contained in a small
collection of Hemipterous insects from Boutan. I have thought
it better to give a list of all the species in this collection, as
Boutan (or Bhotan) is a district in the extreme north of India,
almost entirely surrounded by hills, and from this isolated position
its Fauna becomes interesting. A good many of the species have
been originally described from Javanese specimens.
Fam. SCUTELLERID &.
Of the Scutelleride we have the Australian and Javanese J'ec-
tocoris Banksii, Don.; Peecilocoris Drurei, Lin.; P. Childreni,
White, and P. Hardnickii, Hope. Of one of the species of Peeci-
locoris the collection contains the larvae, apparently in the last
state, with a memorandum attached, to the effect that the insect is
‘said to infest the tea plants particularly.” Of this family there
are also Callidea abdominalis, purpurea and Roylu, Hope, and a
new species, nearly allied to the last mentioned, which I have
named
Sp. 1. Callidea spingera. (Plate XIX. fig. 3)
C. fusco-testacea, violaceo-vel eeneo-nitida, thoracis angulis la-
teralibus in spinam parvam acutam productis, abdominis
margine crenato, rubro, violaceo-variegato, 6 @.
Long. ¢ lin. 7, 2 lin. 73, hemelytrorum membrana inclusa.
Broadly ovate, rather convex. Above brownish testaceous,
with violet or brassy reflections, very thickly and finely punc-
tured. Head violet, shining, faintly punctured and transversely
wrinkled, the central lobe darker in colour. Eyes brown; ocelli
red. Thorax faintly punctured, with the lateral angles produced
into a small acute spine on each side, the anterior and lateral mar-
gins, and in the male the whole anterior portion, coppery or violet,
shining; on each side, towards the anterior margin, is a small
of some EHemipterous Insects from Boutan. 187
transverse fovea, surrounded by a brassy green ring. Scutellum
very finely punctured, and faintly wrinkled transversely, especially
at the base, which is brassy, coppery or violet. Elytra brown,
with the margins pale testaceous. Margins of the abdomen pro-
jecting slightly beyond the scutellum, bright red, crenated, each
segment bearing two small projections or tubercles ; abdomen
beneath deep blue violet, very smooth and finely punctate, with a
strong brassy green reflection; a violet line on the margin of each
segment, running between the red tubercles. Anal apparatus
red, violet at base in the male. Breast shining violet, punctured ;
the antero-lateral margins and the prominent lateral angles red-
dish. Legs shining violet, finely pilose. Tarsi black. Antenne
and rostrum black, the former covered with short hairs.
This species in its general form, and more especially in the
form and colouring of the abdomen, approaches very closely to
C. Royli; but it differs from this and indeed from all other
known species of the genus, in the sharp spines which exist at the
lateral angles of the prothorax. It is probable that the insect,
when alive, presents a most splendid appearance, as the metallic
tints, which ornament its surface when viewed in certain lights,
are evidently only the remains of former brilliancy.
Three more species complete the list of Scutelleride ; they are
the Lucorysses Baro, Fab.; Calliphara nobilis, Fab. ( Tectocoris
perpleca, Hope); and the Coptosoma cribrarium, Fab.
Fam. PENTATOMID.
Of the group Asopides, Am. Serv. there are but two species.
The first is the Cazira verrucosa, Westw. (not Am. Serv.), of
which there is a specimen of the male in the typical condition,
and one of what appears to be a black variety of the female.
The other species appears to be identical with the dsopus (Arma)
geometricus, (Hag.) Burm, and approaches very closely to Penta-
toma aliena, Hope. As neither of the descriptions given by these
authors is sufficient to determine the insect perfectly satisfactorily,
I have subjoined one in a more detailed form.
Genus Arma, Hahn., Am. and Serv.
Sp. 2. Arma geometrica. (Plate XIX. fig. 2.)
Asopus geometricus (Hag.), Burm., Rh., p. 80, 7.
Pentatoma aliena, Hope Cat., p. 40?
A. elongata, olivacea vel fusco-testacea, punctatissima, spinis
188 Mr. W. 8S. Dallas’s Modzce
thoracis unidentatis ; linea transversa thoracis, scutelli apice,
marginibusque elytrorum, albidis, ¢.
Long. lin. 7.
Body elongate-ovate, the sides nearly parallel. Olive-brown,
or brownish-testaceous, very thickly punctured. Thorax with
the lateral angles produced into a short, acute, black spine, which
is distinctly toothed on its hinder margin; a pale yellowish line
runs across the disc of the thorax from angle to angle. Scu-
tellum rather dark at the base, the apex white.* Elytra with the
external margin whitish; the membrane transparent. Abdomen
beneath punctured, with an irregular line down the centre, and
the stigmata, black. Legs, rostrum and antenne yellowish brown;
the tip of the third joint of the antenna, and the whole of the
fourth, except the base, black. ‘Tarsi pitchy.
Of the Cydnides there is only one small species, which appears
to agree very nearly with Hope’s description of his Cydnus
Capicola.
Amongst the Halydes we have only four species, of which one
is the Halys (Dalpada, A. and S.) oculata, Fab. ; the second ap-
proaches very closely to Halys obscura, Hope; the third appears
to be undescribed. This species will not enter any of MM.
Amyot and Serville’s sufficiently numerous genera. According
to their systematic table, it should fall in their genus Thelima ;
but it does not at all agree with the characters given of that genus
in the body of the work. It appears to me to enter, or to ap-
proach very closely to, the genus Dichelops of the Marquis Spi-
nola, and under this it will be best to range it. The rostrum
barely reaches the second segment of the abdomen. The lateral
lobes of the head (fig. 3 a) pass the central one considerably, and
meet beyond it, but leave a good-sized notch at the apex of the
head. The lateral margins of the head are notched a little behind
the apex, and again a little before the eyes. The ventral furrow
is scarcely perceptible. I call the species—
Sp. 3. Halys (Dichelops?) obscura. (Plate XIX. fig. 3.)
H. (D.) ovata, fusca, punctatissima, antennis rufo-fuscis, arti-
culis 2 ultimis, basi excepto, nigris, ¢, @.
Long. lin. 7—73.
Body ovate. Above brown, obscure, very thickly punctured.
Thorax with the lateral angles somewhat prominent, margins pale
* This character is not given by Burmeister.
of some Hemipterous Insects from Boutan. 189
or yellow. Head, thorax and scutellum slightly clouded with
yellowish. Elytra with a reddish tint on the coriaceous portion ;
membrane transparent, with a pitchy black spot at the internal
basal angle. (This spot is concealed by the tip of the scutellum
when the wings are closed.) Margins of the abdomen projecting
considerably beyond the elytra on each side. Abdomen beneath
reddish or testaceous brown, smooth, shining; the disc sparingly,
the lateral margins very thickly and finely punctured. Breast
concolorous with the abdomen, sparingly punctured, more thickly
so at the sides. Legs reddish brown, punctured with black ; the
tarsi darker. Rostrum reddish brown, darker at the tip. An-
tennze of the same colour, the two last joints black, except at the
base.
The species appears to vary a good deal, in the colour being
paler or darker, and more or less mixed witi yellowish.
Plate XIX. fig. 3a, the head seen from above; 35, the head seen from
beneath, laterally.
The fourth species is the Halys (Nevroscia) nubila, Fab.
Of the Pentatomides there are also four species, of which two
appear to be undescribed. Those already described are the
Strachia limbata, Fab., a Javanese species, and the Indian Penta-
toma ventralis, Hope. Nearly allied to the latter is one of the
other species, for which I propose the name of—
Sp. 4. Pentatoma crassiventre.
P. rotundato-ovatum, olivaceo-testaceum, angulis thoracis pro-
minentibus rotundatis ; abdomine testaceo, macula magna
subapicali nigra, @.
Long. corp. lin. 4, lat. thor. lin. 3.
Body roundish. Above olive-testaceous, opaque, thickly and
finely punctured with black. Head very thickly and rather
coarsely punctured. Eyes brown. Prothorax with the lateral
angles considerably produced on each side, but rounded at the
apex; emarginate anteriorly for the reception of the head, the
posterior margin straight. The anterior portion of the thorax is
more thickly punctured than the posterior, with a faint transverse
line on each side near the anterior margin, and a very narrow
longitudinal line on the disc, smooth, impunctate. Scutellum
rather more faintly punctate towards the apex. Elytra with a
small impunctate spot on the disc; the membrane transpzrent.
Back of abdomen pitchy black, the margins testaceous, very thickly
punctured with black. Beneath testaceous, smooth, slightly shin-
190 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Wotice
ing. Abdomen convex, punctured with black, the punctures very
close together towards the margins, thus forming a broad cloudy
line down each side within the line of stigmata; the base of the
second segment, and a large spot in the centre of the fifth and
sixth segments, black. Breast and underside of head concolorous
with the abdomen. Legs pale testaceous, with distinct pitchy
punctures; those on the thighs much larger than those on the
tibize, the apex of the latter and the tarsi tinted with ferruginous.
Antenne with the two basal joints (which are all that exist in the
specimen) pale testaceous; rostrum of the same colour, with the
apex pitchy black.
The fourth species appears to be nearly allied to Cimea rufipes,
Linn., which forms the type of the genus Cimea, as restricted by
Amyot and Serville. It appears to agree in most of its characters
with their description of that genus, but is distinguished from all
the other Pentalomides by its possessing only two joints in the
tarsi. It will probably be found to form the type of a distinct
sub-genus; but as the specimen before me is very much muti-
lated, it will be better for the present to place it provisionally in
the genus Cimex.*
Sp. 5. Cimex? Boutanicus. (Plate XIX. fig. 4.)
C. fuscus, rugoso-punctatus, angulis lateralibus thoracis in
processum magnum latum 5-dentatum productis ¢.
Long. lin. 93, hemelytrorum membrana inclusa.
Body ovate. Above brown, obscure, thickly and strongly
rugose-punctate. Head rather thickly punctured, nearly as broad
in front as behind, and with the anterior margin strongly notched ;
slightly wrinkled posteriorly. Eyes pitchy; ocelli yellowish.
Thorax with the enlarged lateral angles considerably directed
forwards, with five teeth at their apex, of which the third and
fourth from the front are rounded, the others acute. <A strong
spine at each anterior angle of the thorax, immediately behind
the eyes, and the antero-lateral margins are strongly serrated.
Scutellum rather elongated, narrower towards the apex, which is
less punctured than the rest of the body, and margined with
yellowish. Elytra rather paler than the rest of the surface,
* MM. Amyot and Serville place this genus amongst the Rhaphigastrides,
there being a very rudimentary spine at the base of the abdomen ; but although
the present species possesses the slight keel on the sternum, which might appear
to refer it to the following group, yet as I can discover no trace of a ventral spine,
I have thought it better to place it in the Pentatomides.
of some Hemipterous Insects from Boutan. 19h
thickly and coarsely punctured, and somewhat rugose ; membrane
brown. The sides of the abdomen scarcely project beyond the
elytra. Abdomen beneath reddish brown, smooth, impunctate.
Breast paler, with numerous scattered black punctures, which are
larger and closer together on the antepectus ; a large dull wrinkled
patch on each side of the post and medipectus. Coxze smooth.
Legs yellowish brown, mottled with reddish brown; the two-
jointed tarsi are rather paler. Antennze (mutilated) pale yellowish
brown, the basal joint, and the others at base and apex, paler.
Rostrum pale brown, with the apex darker, and the tip of the
basal joint pitchy black.
Plate XIX., fig. 4u, represents the head seen from above ; 45, the
head seen from beneath; 4c, a posterior
tarsus.
The Rhaphigastrides have five representatives in this collection.
Of these two belong to the genus Rhaphigaster, Lap., and the rest
to Acanthosoma. Of the former, the universally distributed
Rhaph. (Nezara) smaragdulus, Fab., with its variety R. torquatus,
Fab., is one; the second species forms the type of a very dis-
tinctly marked sub-genus. It appears to stand between Nezara,
Am. and Serv. (Gastraulax, H. Sch.), and Rhaphigaster, Lap., as
restricted by those authors; differing strikingly from the former
in the length of the ventral spine; from the second in the strongly
developed ventral keel, and from both in the form of the thorax,
the form of the head, and several other characters.
Genus Ruapuicaster, Lap.
Sub-genus Prronocui.us.
Head (fig. 5 a) flat above, narrowed anteriorly, the lateral lobes
passing the intermediate, and united in front of it; apex of head
rounded, with a very slight notch in the centre. Hyes rather
small, very slightly prominent, touching the anterior margin of
the prothorax. Ocelli small, situated rather behind the eyes, and
nearer to those organs than to one another. Antenne (fig. 5 a)
5-jointed, about half as long as the body; first joint short, not
reaching the anterior margin of the head; the other joints gra-
dually increasing in length towards the apex; fourth and fifth
joints thickest; fourth slightly compressed. Rostrum (fig. 5 6)
reaching the base of the ventral spine, of four joints; the first
short, as long as the head, inclosed entirely in a canal, which
reaches the base of the head; second and third joints equal,
VOL. V. x
192 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Wotice
longer than the first; fourth as long as the first. Thorax inclined
anteriorly; the anterior margin strongly emarginate, almost in a
semicircle, for the reception of the head; the lateral angles very
prominent, acute, and curved forwards, their points reaching
beyond the line of the anterior angles; the antero-lateral margins
are strongly serrated, and there is a distinct tooth behind each
lateral angle. Scutellum long, passing the centre of the abdomen,
the apex narrowed and rounded. Membrane of elytra reaching
beyond the apex of the abdomen, with eight longitudinal nervures,
of which the third, fourth and fifth from the inner margin spring
from a basal cell; the sixth and seventh are united at the base,
and the eighth is very short. Abdomen extending alittle beyond the
elytra on each side; beneath strongly keeled, with a strong basal
spine, which extends forwards as far as the middle of the space
between the intermediate and anterior pairs oflegs. Vulvar appa-
ratus as in Rhaphigaster, &e. Mesosternum with a slight keel in
the centre. Legs rather slender, the posterior longest. Tibe
channelled on the outside, and fringed with small stiff hairs, espe-
cially towards the apex. Tarsi (fig. 5c) pilose, 3-jointed, basal
and terminal joints equal; second very short. Claws and pulvilli
moderate.
The name Prionochilus refers to the serrated margin of the pro-
thorax.
Sp. 6. Rh. (Prionochilus), 8 punctatus. (Pl. XIX. fig. 5.)
R. (P.) fusco-testaceus, nigro-punctatus ; thoracis disco, scu-
tellique basi, punctis 4 majoribus nigris, his in linea trans-
versa dispositis. 9.
Long. lin. 103; lat. thor. lin. 6.
Ovate, testaceous brown, opaque, beneath paler. Above thickly
and finely punctured with black. Prothorax strongly rugose-
punctate, with four black dots arranged in a transverse line across
the disc, from the base of one lateral angle to the other; the
marginal serrations yellowish. Scutellum less closely punctured
than the thorax, distinctly rugose, with four black dots at the
base, placed two close to the posterior margin of the prothorax,
about the same distance from each other as from the lateral angles
of the scutellum, and two behind these, forming with them a small
square. Oneach side of the tip of the scutellum is a small yellow
impunetate spot. Elytra with the punctures arranged somewhat
nebularly ; a small impunctate spot on the disc, a little behind
the middle. Membrane transparent, with a brownish tinge.
of some Hemipterous Insects from Boutan. 193
Ventral spine brown. Legs, rostrum and antenna brownish
testaceous; the fourth joint of the antenne, except its base, the
fifth joint entirely, and the apex of the fourth joint of the rostrum,
black.
Plate XIX., fig. 5a, represents the head seen from above; 5), the head
from beneath and laterally; 5c, a tarsus.
MM. Amyot and Serville have established a genus which they
name Sastragala, for the reception of such species of Acantho-
soma, as have the posterior angles of the prothorax much pro-
duced into a sharp spine. This character is scarcely sufficient to
warrant such a separation, and the greater or less sharpness of
the spine is probably only a sexual character. It is to this divi-
sion of the genus that the three species from Boutan belong; the
first being the Acanthosoma uniguttatum, Don., the species cited
by Amyot and Serville as the type of their genus. The other two
appear to be undescribed.
Sp. 7. Acanthosoma (Sastragala) cornutum. (Pl. XIX. fig. 6.)
A. (S.) supra olivaceum, punctatum, thorace cornuto, scutello
immaculato, ¢. 9.
Long. lin. 6; lat. thor. lin. 43.
4, 9. Above olive, slightly clouded with yellowish, rather
thickly and strongly punctured. Thorax with the lateral angles
strongly cornuted; the processes being more darkly coloured
than the rest of the surface. The antero-lateral margins of the
prothorax beneath are greenish. Scutellum acute, slightly sinu-
ated on each side immediately before the apex. Elytra thickly
and strongly punctured ; membrane brownish at the base, par-
ticularly at the internal angle. Antenne with the first and second
joints concolorous with the body, the apex, and sometimes the
whole of the third, and the fourth and fifth joints pitchy. Legs
pale brownish yellow, with the tibiae and tarsi somewhat darker.
Ventral spine long, reaching as far as the base of the anterior
legs.
4, with the thoracic processes dark olive-green, rounded at
the apex, beneath flat, but not channelled. The membrane of
the elytra is pale, semitransparent ; the abdomen above red, with
broad whitish margins. The body beneath is pale ochreous, with
a reddish tinge towards the apex of the abdomen. Ventral spine
pale.
x 2
194 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Notice, &c.
@, with the thoracic processes pitchy, very acute, the apex re-
curved, and tipped with bright orange, strongly channelled be-
neath; the membrane of the elytra is brownish; the abdomen
beneath pitchy brown, darkest at the apex, and palest on the
outer margins and along the central keel; ventral spine pale,
tipped with brown. Breast brownish, with the sternal keel semi-
transparent. Head beneath brownish.
This species may be at once distinguished from 4. uniguttatum
by the great size of the thoracic processes ; it also wants the large
orange spot at the base of the scutellum, which that species pos-
sesses.
Sp. 8. Acanth. (Sast.) lineatum.
A. (S.) griseo-testaceum, fusco-punctatum ; thorace linea media
tenui, longitudinali, flava, elytris macula transversa fulva, 9.
Long. lin, 31,
Above dusky testaceous, strongly punctured with brown.
Head yellow, with a brown line on each side of the median lobe,
and a row of brown punctures on each of the lateral lobes. Eyes
brown. ‘Thorax with the lateral spines acute, slightly recurved,
pitchy brown; a transverse band near the anterior margin, and
a narrow longitudinal line along the middle of the thorax, impunc-
tate, yellow. Scutellum, yellowish brown, paler towards the
apex, and with a yellow spot in the centre of the base. Elytra
with the coriaceous portion dusky testaceous, thickly and strongly
punctured, the apex yellowish; a short, transverse, impunctate,
orange band, near the outer margin, considerably beyond the
atten directed towards, but not reaching the internal angle;
membrane transparent, faintly clouded iii brown. Abdomen
above deep red, the margins yellowish. Head, thorax and ab-
domen, beneath, with the legs, rostrum and antenne, testaceous ;
the antenne rather darker. Ventral spine short, scarcely reach-
ing the intermediate legs.
The remaining four species are all described. They are, of the
Edessides, Eusthenes robustus, Le P. and Sery., and Dalcantha dila-
tata, Am. and Serv.; of the Phyllocephalides, Tetroda Histeroides,
Fab., (Phyllocephala furcata, H. Schiffer, who quotes Stoll’s figure,
which is cited by Fabricius for his Zlia Histeroides) ; and lastly,
the singular Megymenum cupreum, Guér.
Mr. J. W. Douglas on the Genus Gelechia. 195
XXXVII. On the British Species of the Genus Gelechia of
Zeller.* By J. W. Douglas, Esq. (Continued from
page 179.)
{Read May 7th, 1849.]
Sp. 21. Rufescens.
Re. rufescens, Haw.
*G., Isabella, F. v. R.
Acomp. tinctella, St., Wood, 1244 (non H.)
Mr. Allis has Haworth’s specimens.
Sp. 22. *Velocella.
G. velocella, Tis., F. v. R. pl. 77, fig. 4, Z.
Lita velocella, D.
L. subsequella, Tr. (non H.)
An. nebulea, St.? Wood, 1191 (non Haw.)
(non 7%. populella, H. 21.)
This is certainly the nebulea of Stephens’s Cabinet, but the
description in his “ Illustrations” does not agree with it. More-
over, he says, “ found in June in gardens within the metropolitan
district,” whereas it is never known to be taken but in dry, sandy
places far from gardens, such as Jerry’s Hill, Putney Heath, the
heath field at West Wickham, &c. in April, never in June; I am,
therefore, doubtful if this be the species intended by Mr. Stephens.
Again, he gives as a synonym “ 77%. populella, H.,” which is a
widely different insect, not agreeing with his description at all,
and not found in Britain hitherto as far as I am aware; so the
name ‘ nebulea, St.,” adopted on the continent for Hiibner’s moth,
because ‘ populella” was already used by Linné, cannot remain
for it, and Treitschke’s name ‘ pinguinella” must be resumed.
Zeller says that velocella appears twice a year, in April and July;
I never saw the second brood.
* Those species marked * are in the collection received from Herr Mann of
Vienna,
196 Mr. J. W. Douglas on the
Sp. 23. Nigra.
Re. nigra, Haw.
An. hortuella, Wood, 1189, St.?
An. rusticella, St. (non H. 17.)
An. cautella, D.
*G. cautella, Z.
Found on the trunks of white poplars, at Wanstead and else-
where, in July. It is very active and difficult to capture.
Sp. 24. * Gibbosella.
G. gibbosella, Z.
An, punctella, Bent. (MS.)
An. Zephyrella, St.? (non H.)
Wood’s figure 1193 does not represent this insect, it appears to
be a copy of Hiibner’s figure of Zephyrella.
Taken in Epping Forest by Mr. Bouchard.
Sp. 25. Contigua.
Re. contigua, Haw.
An. tricolorella, St. (non Haw.) Wood, 1215.
Haworth’s description is not sufficient to distinguish this species
with precision, but his own specimen is in the Collection of the
Entomological Society, with the name attached in his own writing,
so that I have no doubt this is the species intended by him. The
tricolorella of Haworth is probably the Anacampsis decorella of
Stephens, which is an Elachista.
Not rare about Camberwell from May to September in white-
thorn hedges, in which many other plants grow. I know nothing
of its early states.
Sp. 26. Diffinis.
Re. diffinis, Haw. St. ?
Re. nebulea, Haw.
An, Listerella, Wood, 1190 (bad), (non Haw.)
Lita dissimilella, D. pl. 297, fig. 4.
*G. scabidella, Z.
This moth is also very imperfectly described by Haworth, but
the Entomological Society has Haworth’s specimen labelled by
himself. I have often taken this species in sandy places at
British Species of the Genus Gelechia of Zeller. 197
Putney Heath, Blackheath, and Dartford Heath, in May, and last
year at West Wickham Wood in September.
The nebulea of Haworth, with his own label attached, is in Mr.
Allis’s collection, and is difinis, with the markings worn down.
Sp. 27. Maculella.
Ti. maculella, F. vol. 8, pt. 2, p. 306, No. 82.
Re. maculea, Haw.
An. maculella, St.
An. nivella, Wood, 1224.
*G, blandella, F. v. R. (Mann.)
Sp. 28. Rhombella.
G. rhombella, Z. (non An. rhombella, St., Wood.)
Ti. rhombella, W. V.? H. 277 (not good).
Lita rhombella, Tr.? Dup. pl. 297, fig. 7 (good).
Re. rhombea, Haw.
Expansion of wings 7 lines.
Head ashy grey. Palpi grey, the end of terminal joint black.
Antenne annulated, black and white alternately. Thorax ashy
grey. Anterior wings ashy grey, caused by dark atoms on a white
ground; a longish black spot at the base on the costa; two black
spots on the disc, one before, the other behind, the middle; two
small opposite black spots beyond, one of them on the superior
the other on the inferior margin, and then a faint fascia. Inferior
wings leaden grey. Body ashy.
Mr. J. F. Stephens has two specimens without a name. My
examples [ received from Mr. S. Stevens, who took them on apple
trees. Neither Hiibner’s figure nor Treitschke’s description well
agree with our insect, inasmuch as three spots are represented and
described as in the centre of the wing, whereas in our moth there
are but two so situated, and the shape of the spots is not the same ;
but both Hiibner and Treitschke are quoted by Duponchel, and his
figure well represents our insect. Mr, Allis has Haworth’s specimen.
Sp. 29. * Proximella.
G. proximella, Z.
Ti. proximella, H. 228 (not good).
Lita proximella, Tr., Dup. pl. 297, fig. 10.
Re. punctifera, Haw.
An. rhombella, St., Wood, 1194.
Mr. Allis has Haworth’s specimens, both of his a and (3 varieties
of punctifera.
198 Mr. J. W. Douglas on the
Not rare in birch and alder trees in May and June. Treitschke
says the larva is whitish green, with three longitudinal streaks, of
which the dorsal one is red, and two lateral ones reddish grey.
He also says it feeds on birches.
Sp. 30. * Sequax.
Re. sequax, Haw.
*G. apicistrigella, F. v. R. (Mann.)
Lita apicistrigella, D. Supp. pl. 74, fig. 4 (very bad).
An. contigua, Wood, 1212.
Haworth’s specimen, with his ticket attached, is in the Collection
of the Entomological Society.
Taken on the downs beyond Croydon in July.
Sp. 31. * Teniolella.
G. teniolella, 7.
Lita teniolella, Tr. (MSS.)
Harp. cinctella, St.? L.? Wood, 1390.
Anterior wings black, with a white straight fascia in the centre,
which shines through on the underside, and is continued on the
margin of the posterior wings, which are entirely black on the
upper side,
There are two other species closely allied to this one, and there
is nothing in the descriptions of either Linné or Stephens to show
which one is intended by the name ‘ cinctella.”
Taken on the downs near Croydon and Mickleham in June.
Sp. 32. Domestica.
Re. domestica, Haw.
An. domestica, St., Wood, 1203.
G. Basaltinella, Z.
I thought from Herr Zeller’s description of his G. Basaltinella
that it referred to this species; but as he found his specimens on
Basalt pebbles, covered with moss, at Spitzberg, and we find ours
in houses and gardens near London, I doubted if it were really
identical. Lately, however, Herr Zeller having sent me speci-
mens, I am sure it is the same species.
Sp. 33. * Lentiginosella.
G. lentiginosella, Z.
Lita lentiginosella, Tis., F. v. R. pl. 80, fig. 3.
Expansion of wings, 83 lines.
Head, palpi and antennze tawny brown. Anterior wings shining,
rich reddish brown; on the disc before the middle are two spots,
British Species of the Genus Gelechia of Zeller. 199
one above the other, and close together ; beyond the middle, in a
line with the upper of them, is a single spot, all of these are
yellow, each having a black dot in its centre: these spots are not
well seen without a lens. On the costa near the apex is a small
yellow spot, and another smaller and fainter lies below the apex
just within the cilia. Inferior wings dark griseous. Body fuscous.
Described from the only British specimen I know, which was
taken by Mr. Sircom on a wall near Brislington, August 7th.
Sp. 34. * Distinctella.
G. distinctella, Z.
Lita distinctella, F. v. R. pl. 80, fig. 2.
Expansion of wings, 8 lines.
Head, thorax and antenne tawny brown; palpi fuscous, the
terminal joint black, with the extreme tip white. Anterior wings
tawny brown, with three black spots as in terrella, having close to
them, in most specimens, some minute white dots; there is a faint
fascia near the apex, and just within the latter are a few black
spots. Posterior wings dusky, the apices much less prolonged
than in derrella; cilize rather paler than the wings. Body fuscous.
This species is closely allied to terrefla, generally larger than
that species and most unlike it in the shape of the apex of the
posterior wings.
Taken in July in juniper bushes, on the chalky downs beyond
Croydon.
Sp. 35. Vilella.
G. vilella, Z.
Expansion of wings, 83 lines.
Head and thorax griseous; antenne brown; palpi griseous,
terminal joint long, brown beneath. Anterior wings glossy, uni-
formly griseous, with a luteous tinge, dusted all over with brown
atoms. At the base on the costa is a black dot, and another
smaller one below it near the inner margin. On the disc before
the middle is a pale spot, and beyond the middle a still fainter one
but rather larger, a darkish line connecting the two; in the centre
of the first spot lies a black dot, and two are seen in the second,
very faintly marked and distinguishable only with a lens. Posterior
wings silver-grey, ciliz paler. Body griseous.
Taken by Mr. 8S. Stevens last May on the coast of the Isle of
Wight; found once by a friend of Mr. Stainton at Lewisham, and
captured by Mr. Hodgkinson at Northfleet.
200 Mr. J. W. Douglas on the
Sp. 36. Alacella.
G. alacella, Z.
Lita alacella, F. v. R., D.
Expansion of wings, 7 lines.
Head, palpi, antennz and thorax blue-black. Anterior wings
blue-black, with three elevated black spots on the disc, each faintly
circled with white; a comma-shaped whitish spot on the costa,
below it on the inferior margin a very small whitish dot, and a few
very small whitish dots just within the apical fringe. Inferior
wings grey-black. Body fuscous. The underside of all the
wings is grey-black; a small light spot showing on the costa,
opposite to the large spot on the upperside.
First taken in this country by Mr. Bedell in the autumn, out of
an oak at Leatherhead common, and still a rare species with us.
Sp. 37. Peliella.
G. peliella, Z.
Inia pelhelia, Wis., 1r.; D. pl. 297, f. LA:
Expansion of wings, 6 lines.
Head brown, face whitish; palpi, second joint ashy, terminal
joint black, white at the tip. Antenne black-brown, annulated
with white, particularly towards the end. Anterior wings black-
brown, sprinkled with grey atoms, discernible only with a lens ;
a black spot near the base, two before the middle and one beyond,
these last three having some white scales attached; a yellowish
spot on the costa, one opposite on the inner margin, and another at
the apex; cilia mixed with grey. Posterior wings dusky. Body
fuscous.
This species is very like alacella, but the colour of the wings
is brown, not blue-black.
I know only one British specimen taken by Mr. Stainton in the
heath-field at Wickham, where there are many fir-trees ; and Du-
ponchel, quoting Fischer v. R., says it is found in such places.
Sp. 38. Subocellea.
An. subocellea, St., Wood, 1221.
G. internella, Lien., Z. ?
* TZ. dissonella, F. v. R.?
G. dissonella, Z.?
Recently taken by Mr. J. B. Hodgkinson in the chalk-pits at
Northfleet.
British Species of the Genus Gelechia of Zeller. 201
Mann’s specimen of dissonella is larger than any subocellea I
ever saw, and I think darker, nevertheless I believe it to be the
same species, but will not say decidedly without knowing more.
Judging from the description, the internella of Madame Lienig is
possibly the same as our insect, but not having seen it I cannot
say positively. These three moths require to be carefully com-
pared.
Sp. 39. * Artemisiella.
G. Artemisiella, Z.
Lita Artemisiella, Tis., Tr., F. v. R. pl. 30, f. 2,
Dupe ple 2972 fs:
Expansion of wings, 53 lines.
Head grey-brown; palpi greyish, tips black ; antenne black.
Anterior wings deep brown, in which, with a lens, are seen red
streaks; the inner edge is rusty-yellow, especially towards the
base. In the centre, towards the apex, extends a dark streak; a
black dot at the extreme apex, and two or three others in the disc,
more or less visible. Posterior wings fuscous-grey, shining.
Body fuscous.
Taken by Mr. Bedell on Epsom Downs, by myself on Stoat’s-
nest Downs, and by Mr. Logan on Arthur’s Seat, Edinburgh, in
June and July.
Sp. 40. Instabilella.
An. instabilella, Doug. Zool. p, 1270.
I have attempted to describe this species in the Zoologist, but
it is one of those of which no good idea can be conveyed by any
diagnosis, so slight and so varying are its characters. It seems
to be allied to Artemisiella, and has like it a black dot at the apex
of the wing, a mark, by the way, which is one least subject to
variation in this species.
Since I first took it on the salt-marshes in Essex it has been
found at the mouth of the Thames and in Ireland, and seems
quite a maritime species.
202
Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions
XXXVIII. Descriptions of some new Exotic Coleoptera.
By J. O. Westwoop, F.L.S., &ec.
[Read 5th March and 2nd April, 1849.]
Family CARABID.
Sub-family ScarirTipEs.
Genus Carenum, Bonelli.
The two Australian species of this genus, described below, are
supplemental to a monograph on the Australian Scaritides, pub-
lished by me in the first volume of the “ Arcana Entomologica.”
C.
Carenum viridipenne, Westw.
prothorace subquadrato, angulis posticis rotundatis ; nigrum,
leeve, nitidum, prothoracis Jateribus viridi tenue marginatis ;
elytris viridibus, punctis duobus prope basin alterisque duo-
bus ante apicem notatis ; tibiis anticis extus bidentatis.
Long. corp. lin. 8.
Habitat in Nova Hollandia ad littora fluvii Mundarra dicti.
In Mus. Dom. F. Bond.
Careno smaragdulo, Hope (Westw. Arc. Ent. vol. i. pl. 21, fig.
4), affine, sed minus, angustius, punctis 4 elytrorum distinctum.
Caput mediocre nigrum, inter oculos lineis duabus paullo cur-
vatis impressis, antice et postice furcatis, spatio intermedio
convexo, puncto impresso intus furcam anticam tuberculoque
utrinque ad latera labri transversi denticulati, punctisque
duobus aliis utrinque ad marginem internum oculorum.
Prothorax subquadratus, longitudine e quinta parte latior,
angulis anticis obtusis, posticis rotundatis; tenue margi-
natus, disco linea tenui media longitudinale impresso, alte-
raque transversa paullo ante marginem posticum, impres-
sioneque parva utrinque versus eundem marginem. Elytra
ovalia, thoracis latitudine, ad costam depressa, glabra, leete
viridescentia, disci medio nigro; punctis duobus setigeris
prope humeros alterisque duobus pone medium; lateribus
marginatis serieque punctorum intra marginem. Pedes
breves, robusti; tibiis anticis extus bidentatis, latere interno
sub dente priori inermi.
of some new Exotic Coleoptera. 203
Carenum intermedium, Westw.
C. nigrum, nitidum, subangustum, paralellum, capite utrinque
linea curvata impressa notato, pronoto linea media impresso
(in medio disci fere obsoleta), elytris 4-punctatis, tiblisque
anticis bidentatis.
Long. corp. lin. 94; lat. prothoracis lin, 23.
Habitat in Adelaida, Nove Hollandiz. Dom. Smith.
In Mus. Westw.
C. tinctilato affine, at angustius. Caput prothorace paullo an-
gustius, lzeve, nitidum; angulis anticis supra basin antennarum
rotundato-prominentibus. Clypeus antice recte truncatus,
utrinque tuberculo conico porrecto, ad Jatera labri. La-
brum brevissimum, transversum, subtrilobatum. Vertex inter
oculos utrinque linea curvata impressa notatus, ad basin ex-
ternum mandibularum antice extensa, lineam tenuem vix dis-
tinctam (furcam anticam formante) antice emittenti, punctis-
que duobus setigeris ad marginem internum oculorum. Pro-
thorax quadratus; angulis posticis rotundatis, seu potius
semi-ovalis, angulis anticis obtusis, lateribus tenue marginatis,
punctis tribus parvis intus marginem, impressione transversa
ante apicem, impressionibus duabus fere indistinctis intus
angulos posticos, disco linea tenui longitudinale impressa
(ante basin et apicem abbreviata, at in medio disci fere ob-
literata). Elytra elongato-ovalia, satis angusta, in medio
parum latiora, convexa, levia, nitida, marginata; lateribus
anguste cyaneo-tinctis, et serie punctorum impressis, singulo
etiam ad basin punctis tribus transverse positis, intermedio
minori, punctisque duobus majoribus impressis, uno versus
basin, altero ante apicem. Pedes satis graciles, tibiis anticis
latis, extus bidentatis.
I am indebted to W. P. Smith, Esq., of Caernarvon, a very
assiduous Coleopterist, for my specimen of this and other rare
insects from Adelaide.
Family HELOPID.
Genus novum. Proruanss, Westw.
Corpus alatum, oblongum, depressum, pedibus subelongatis.
Caput mediocre, clypeo transverso, angulis anticis rotundatis,
supra basin antennarum extensis, labro transverso, instru-
mentis cibariis ut in Helopidibus genuinis; palporum maxil-
larium articulo apicali securiformi; labialium subsecuriformi
204
Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions
parvo. Mandibule apice bidentato, intus incisione profunda
membrana tecta. Antenne mediocres, articulis duobus basa-
libus brevibus, 3-tio omnium longissimo; ultimis breviori-
bus, submoniliformibus, non aut vix incrassatis. Prothorax
latior quam longus, antice angustior, disco parum convexo.
Elytra oblongo-subovata, subdepressa, parum rugosa, late-
ribus fere parallelis ad basin prothorace latiora, ultra medium
paullo dilatata, apicibus sensim attenuatis. Pedes satis elon-
gati, simplices, tarsis heteromeris haud dilatatis. Prosternum
pone basin pedum anticorum extensum in fossula triangulari
mesosterni subreceptum, metasternum satis elongatum, pos-
tice inter trochanteres posticos emarginatum et ante apicem
in medio profunde impressum.
This genus approaches very near to Cyphaleus, Hope (Westw.
Arc. Ent. vol. i. pl. 12, fig. 1), but is distinguished by its more
flattened form and less rugose surface. The species have some-
what the appearance of large narrow metallic-coloured species of
Colymbetes. They are exclusively natives of Western and Southern
Australia.
Sp. 1. Prophanes aculeatus, Westw. (PI. XXIy. fig. 4.)
Pr. niger, elytris nigro-zeneis, nitidis, irregulariter punctatis,
lineisque subelevatis notatis, apicibus acuminatis, prothoracis
angulis anticis acute porrectis, disco bi-impresso.
Long. corp. lin. 12.
Habitat apud Swan River, Nove Hollandiz.
In Mus. Melly.
Antenne subbreves, articulis apicalibus parum latioribus. Pro-
thorax transversus, lateribus fere rectis, versus angulos pos-
ticos paullo rotundatis, angulis anticis elongato-aculeatis,
Jateribus marginatis, disco tenuissimé punctato, in medio bi-
impresso, utrinque etiam ad marginem posticum fossula pa-
rum profunda instructo. Elytra ad apicem sensim attenuata
et singulo in spinam terminalem producto, disco singuli lineis
tribus parum elevatis glabris, interstitiis punctatis.
Sp. 2. Prophanes metallescens, Westw. (Pl. XXII. fig. 5, and details).
Pr. niger, nitidus, punctatus, elytris aneo purpureoque tinctis,
apicibus truncatis, angulis externis truncature spinosis, pro-
thoracis angulis anticis acute porrectis, angulis posticis ob-
lique truncatis.
Long. corp. lin. 11.
of some new Exotic Coleoptera. 205
Habitat in Nova Hollandia, ad littora fluvii Mundarra dicti.
In Mus. Dom. F. Bond.
Preecedenti minor, et angustior, antennis pedibusque graciliori-
bus et paullo longioribus. Caput magis elongatum, oculis
permagnis in occiput fere conjungentibus. Palpi maxillares
articulo ultimo magis securiformi. Antenne graciles, arti-
culis ultimis preecedentibus brevioribus at non crassioribus.
Prothorax lateribus profunde marginatis, fere rectis, angulis
anticis valde et acutissime porrectis, angulis posticis oblique
truncatis, disco punctato, margineque postico utrinque im-
pressione ovali parum profunda notato. Elytra lateribus
valde marginatis, apice truncata, angulis externis truncature
spina acuta armatis; punctata, punctis versus basin majoribus,
nigris, purpureo-nitidis, regione scutellari aneo, apicibusque
late viridi-czeruleis (colore purpureo fasciam latam ex humeris
ad apicem suture formanti). Antenne et pedes nigri, tibiae
4-postice intus pilis nigris vestitee.
Sp. 3. Prophanes simplex, Westw.
Pr. niger, nitidus, sub lente tenuissime punctatus, elytris parum
zeneo-tinctis, prothorace elytrisque ad apicem inermibus.
Long corp. lin. 10.
Habitat in Nova Hollandia, Port Philip.
In Mus. Hope et Westw.
Caput sub lente punctatum, impressione transversa ante oculos
clypeo profunde emarginato, emarginatura membranacea, an-
tennis palpisque piceis. Prothorax transversus, lateribus
marginatis, parum rotundatis, antice angustior ; disco sub
lente punctato et sparsim setoso, utrinque pone oculos et ante
scutellum bi-impresso. Scutellum basi lave. Elytra protho-
race latiora, lateribus subparalellis, ad apicem acuminata,
haud spinosa, parum convexa; sub lente punctatissima et
longitudinaliter costata, costis numerosis at fere indistinctis.
Corpus subtus cum pedibus nigrum, sparsim punctatum et
setosum.
Sp. 4. Prophanes striato-punctatus, Westw.
Pr. niger, nitidus, elytris ceeruleo-nigris, profunde striato-punc-
tatis; prothorace et elytris inermibus. Magnitudo Pr. sim-
plicis.
Habitat in Nova Hollandia. Melborne.
In Mus. Melly.
206 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions
Genus novum. PLatypHanes, Westw.
Prophani affine. Corpus latum, sub-semiglobosum. Caput
parvum. lLabrum breve, transversum. Mentum postice
angustatum, maxillarum basin haud tegens. Palpi labiales
articulo ultimo valde securiformi. Antenne breves, articulo
3tio longo, apicalibus sensim incrassatis. Prothorax trans-
versus, antice angustior, lateribus curvatis marginatis, margine
postico in medio parum producto. Elytra lata, valde convexa,
breviter sub-cordata, apice inermia. Prosternum postice
prominulum, in mesosterni processu bifido receptum. Corpus
subtus fere planum.
Platyphanes gibbosus, Westw. (PI. XXII. fig. 6, and details.)
P]. supra nigro-zneus, nitidus, capite et pronoto levibus, ely-
tris ad basin magis czruleis; singulo striis 14 punctatis, ante
apicem evanescentibus ; corpore subtus nigro nitido.
Long. corp. lin, 11.
Habitat in Nova Hollandia.
In Mus. Melly.
Platyphanes vittatus, Klug, MS.
P]. sub-globosum, viride, metallicum, elytrorum singulo vitta
lata rufa nitida metallica cum sutura paralella, ornato.
Long. corp. lin. 7.
Habitat Adelaida, Novze Hollandiz.
In Mus. Melly.
Family BRENTHID.
Genus Taruropveres, Schonh.
Taphroderes distortus, Westw. (Pl. XXII. fig. 3, and details.)
Elongatus, gracillimus, subcylindricus, glaberrimus, leevissimus ;
totus rufo-castaneus, pronoto et vitta suturali elytrorum
nigricantibus, elytris apice truncatis, striis duabus impressis
juxta suturam, alteraque intra marginem lateralem, disco sub-
obsolete striato punctato; mandibulis maris difformibus, dextra
parva apice truncata, basi supra dente recuryo armata;
sinistra capitis longitudine, curvata, apice valde obtuso, mar-
gine supero dente obtuso denteque altero interno versus basin
armata.
Long. corp. lin. 7 (mandibulis maris inclusis).
Habitat in Natalia.
In Mus. Westwood (g). Mus. Brit. (¢ 9).
of some new Exotic Coleoptera. 207
Male.—The head of the male is nearly equal to the prothorax
in length. The eyes are situated at about one-third of the distance
from its anterior edge, and behind the eyes it is rather swollen,
being again contracted close to the prothorax into a rather narrowed
very short neck. The anterior extremity of the head is triangular
and deeply excavated, the excavation terminated behind by a
slightly curved and raised ridge, at the sides of which, very near
the outer base of the mandibles, the antenne are fixed ; which are
scarcely longer than the head, with the four terminal joints wider
and larger than the intermediate ones. The mandibles are very
remarkable in their construction. The right one is about one-
fourth of the head in length, slightly curved, and seen laterally
almost square, with the end truncate and rather emarginate; the
upper basal angle is produced intoa strong obtuse tooth extending
backwards over the base of the right antenna. The left mandible
is as long as the head, compressed, curved, deflexed at its extre-
mity, which is obtuse, angulated on the upper edge with a strong
obtuse tooth beyond the middle, and with a deep notch forming a
strong tooth on the inside. The maxille are very minute, formed
of a single elongate internally ciliated lobe, narrowed to the tip and
angulated at the base, from which arise the small sub-conical and
apparently only three-jointed palpi, the terminal joint of which is
the smallest, and pointed. I have not been able to determine the
form of the mentum, or to discover any traces of the labial palpi.
A minute horny piece, emarginate on its inner edge, and with a
small bundle of setze in the middle of the outer edge, terminated
also by several shorter setee, was observed within the mouth on
dissection, and may be the mentum injured by the knife.* The
prothorax is about two-thirds of the length of the elytra; it is
highly polished, with a slightly raised ring in front, behind which
it is rather constricted, owing to the Jateral excavations for the
reception of the fore legs, common to the species of Taphroderes,
as well as to other insects which reside, as these insects doubtless
do, in cylindrical burrowsin wood. The legs are also very short,
* The structure of the instrumenta labialia in the Brenthide does not appear to
have been hitherto determined. Within the mouth of Brenthus Temminckii, the
largest species of the family, I have observed a small horny piece, dilated and
deeply bifid in front, the undersurface of the head being terminated by a deeply
emarginate horny plate, which is doubtless the extremity of the jugulum, the
small bifid piece being most probably the representation of the mentum destitute
of Jabium and labial palpi. In Arrhenodes litigiosus, De}. (Columbia), I have
observed a distinct transverse mentum, narrowed at the base, rounded at the lateral
angles and emarginate in front; its inner surface is clothed with fine short hairs,
but I have found no trace of labium or labial palpi.
VOL, V. Y
208 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions
and the tibia are not more than half the length of the tarsi, a pecu-
liarity which of course permits greater flexibility in the limb; the
anterior femora are the thickest, but all the legs are simple, the
tarsi are four-jointed and compressed, the three basal joints setose
beneath, the third shortest and notched above for the reception of
the base of the terminal joint, which scarcely exhibits any trace of
the node at the base. The abdomen is singularly formed, the
greater portion of the ventral surface being occupied by the basal
joint, which is very convex. This is followed by two very short
tranverse joints, obliquely truncated, the terminal joint being also
very short, semi-oval, and with a deep central longitudinal channel.
The wings are nearly twice the length of the elytra, folded near
the middle, the apical half traversed by three longitudinal veins.
The female has the head formed somewhat like that of the spe-
cimen of Taphroderes Whitii figured in my Cabinet of Oriental
Entomology, pl. 15, fig. 6, the snout being nearly half as long as
the head, and about two-thirds of its width, with the antenne in-
serted at a little distance in front of the eyes; the mandibles are
minute, conical, pointed at the tip, with a very small tooth on the
inside. The legs are simple, and the antenne are like those of
the male.
The rarity of the species of Taphroderes, and the remarkable
sexual differences which they exhibit, render the discovery of
both sexes of another species very instructive. The specimens
of Taph. Whitu, which I have hitherto observed, (another having
been recently received by the Entomological Society from India,
in the splendid collection forwarded by Captain Hutton,) nearly
agree with the female of 7. distortus in the form of snout (except
that it is rather wider and the antennz are affixed nearer to the
apex than to the eyes) and also in the antenna, peculiar excavated
sides of the prothorax and tarsi; but the prothorax is strongly
punctate, and the elytra are rounded at the apex and regularly
punctate-striate ; but the most remarkable character of 7. Whitii,
which leads at once to the idea that the specimens are males, is
the elongation of the hind legs, with the strong clavation of the
posterior femora.
Captain Parry’s Ceylon TYaphroderes has a still shorter and
broader rostrum, rather dilated at its extremity, with the antenne
affixed about half-way between the eyes and the apex, and the
hind femora are broad and compressed, with a deep notch both on
the upper and lower edge: the elytra are deeply punctate-striate
and the tip rounded, Compared with the specimen of Taphroderes
4-signatus, Buq., next to be noticed, this Ceylon insect must be
of some new Exotic Coleoptera. 209
regarded as a male, especially from the shortness and breadth of
the muzzle and the form of the mandibles, which is another reason
for considering the specimens of 7’. Whitit to be males. The only
specimen of 7’. 4-sgnatus which I have seen in the British Museum
Collection has the muzzle much narrower than in any of the pre-
ceding insects, with the antennz inserted at its base at some dis-
tance from the eyes ; its extremity is notched, and the mandibles
are minute, conical, and porrected; the legs simple, the elytra
glabrous, except an impressed stria near the suture, and another
within the lateral margin. This specimen, I apprehend, is a
female.* All these insects are remarkable for having the fore legs
more powerful than the middle ones. They are also very valuable
for enabling us to determine with precision the affinities of that
most remarkable insect Calodromus Mellii, with which they agree
in the general form of the body, excavated sides of the prothorax,
elongated basal joint of the abdomen and structure of the normal
tarsi. The antennz have only the three terminal joints dilated, as
in T. Whitt, 4-stgnatus, and Westnoodii; whilst there are four di-
lated joints in 7’. distortus, the muzzle is not elongated in either
sex, the head not exhibiting any marked difference between them,
and the abnormal condition of the hind legs is found (in a dif-
ferent state of development) in both sexes.
The very singular formation of the mandibles of the male of
T. distortus may be regarded, I think, as the greatest departure
from that law of symmetry which exists so universally in the limbs
of the two sides of insects. ‘That some difference of form should
exist between the two opposite organs of an insect which act upon
each other is not surprising. Indeed it is curious that so little atten-
tion has been paid to this difference; the mandibles, for instance,
must differ to a certain extent in the position of the teeth depend-
ing upon their action upon each other, and yet we find, in general,
a single mandible represented as affording the only necessary
character to be derived from the examination of the mandibles.
Where also the upper wings act upon each other, as in the musical
organs of the Gryllide, a difference must also exist between the
two organs on the opposite sides of the body. In the insect before
us, however, there seems no necessity for the singular discrepancy
between the two mandibles, the extremity of the left mandible
extending far beyond the right one; indeed, if [ had not seen more
than a single specimen of the male insect, I should have considered
it as a monstrosity.
* See ante, p. 184, for figures of the details of different species of Tuphroderes.
210 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions
Section LONGICORNES.
Genus novum. Ericusonia, West.
Corpus elongatum, parallelum, subcylindricum.
Caput breve, transversum, prothorace vix angustiore ; facie per-
pendiculari, 4-carinata; clypeo in angulum inter mandibulas
producto, labrum occultanti. Oculi laterales reniformes. An-
tennze ante oculos prope mandibulas insertz, prothorace bre-
viores, articulis subserratis, apicalibus sensim gracilioribus.
Labrum haud visibile. Mandibulz breves, subtrigonz, apice
acute, sub apicem bifida, intus edentatz, basi intus parum
dilatatee. Maxille breves, basi extus dilatatae, lobo apicali
elongato simplici longe setoso, lobo interno obliterato. Palpi
maxillares in scapum distinctum inserti, articulis 4; basa-
libus brevibus subaequalibus, articulo apicali reliquis simul
sumtis fere equali, oblongo-ovali. Mentum brevissimum,
transversum, medio marginis antici emarginato. Labium
parvum, integrum, setosum. Palpi labiales in scapos late-
rales insidentes, 3-articulati, articulo ultimo majori, paullo
curvato et precedentibus parum crassiori. Prothorax ob-
longus, angulis omnibus obtusis, disco 4-carinato. Elytra
prothorace vix latiora oblonga, parallela, basi truncata punc-
tata; apice rotundata. Pedes breves, crassi, tibiis ad apicem
bicalcaratis, caleari uno in pedibus anticis valde elongato,
tarsis angustis, valde setosis, articulo 3tio obcordato. Ab-
domen e segmentis quinque equalibus constans.
This insect has so singular a facies, that its real affinities
might be easily overlooked. ‘Thus in its general shape, colour
and remarkably sculptured prothorax, it bears a strong prima
facie resemblance to Rhysodes and the allied genera; yet its more
important characters prove that, notwithstanding the shortness
of the antenne, its legitimate position is amongst the Longicorn
beetles, and amongst these I know no other insects towards which
it approaches more closely than to Parandra and Spondylis.
The general character of the underside of the head and trophi
is essentially that of the Longicorn beetles, but the carinated
head, and serrated antenne attenuated to the tip, as well as the
large hooked spur of the fore tibiae and the very short hind legs,
are especially characteristic. The tarsi are strictly pseudo-tetra-
merous, the third joint being heart-shaped, with the real fourth
joint very minute and fixed in the deep impression of the pre-
ceding joint; the terminal joint is nearly as long as all the pre-
ceding joints taken together. The elytra are 24 times longer
Z2
of some new Exotic Coleoptera. 211
than wide, and the apex of the prosternum is deflexed, and extends
in a rather narrow carina between the anterior coxe, scarcely
reaching backwards beyond the latter; the mesosternum is sim-
ple. The mandibles are bifid at the tip, but the under tooth is
scarcely visible when seen from above. The anterior surface of
each of the joints of the antenne (after the second) is impressed
and covered with a papillose membrane, and the tibia are fur-
nished with two spurs, one of which in the fore legs is nearly as
long as the basal joint of the tarsus; on the other feet they are of
equal size.
With the typical Cucujide (with which it has been regarded as
allied) this insect possesses but little real affinity, as may be seen
by consulting my illustrations of a paper on the relations of the
genus Clinidium, published in the last volume of the Zoological
Journal, whereas the details of Spondylis, there given(Pl. XLVII.
Supp. fig. 8), are much nearer in affinity. There are two remark-
able genera represented with their details in my “Cabinet of
Oriental Entomology,” P]. XLI. fig. 6 and 7, under the names of
Prionophora and Petalophora, also of doubtful relationship, which
it will be serviceable to compare with the insect before us, nor
must T'rictenotoma and Hypocephalus be overlooked.
Erichsonia dentifrons, Westw. (Pl. XXII. fig. 2, and details.)
E. castanea, nitida, rude punctata, capite antice longitudinaliter
4-carinata, carinis intermediis contiguis; pronoto etiam
4-carinato, carinis lateralibus ex angulis anticis fere ad mar-
ginem posticum suboblique extensis, intermediis antice et
postice abbreviatis ; elytris pallidioribus, nitidis, irregulariter
punctatis, lateribus setosis.
Long. corp. lin. 53.
Habitat in Mexico.
In Mus. Chevrolat, etiam olim in Mus. Dupont, Parisiis.
The Coleopterous insect last described is so singular and inte-
resting in its relations, that I have not hesitated to depart from
the ordinary rule of Entomological nomenclature, by giving to it
a generic term, commemorative of the name of an Entomologist
of the highest excellence, who has lately been removed from among
us. I am well aware of the objections which have been raised
against the use of names of individuals as applied to designate
insects or other objects of nature, either generically or specifi-
cally. Some authors indeed seem to take up a name of this kind
in many cases, for want of a better, and therefore we often see
212 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions
the name of an excellent author applied to a species which is so
insignificant aud obscure as not to possess characters sufficiently
marked to furnish a characteristic specific name. Other authors,
again, seem to delight in taking up such commemorative names
by way of raillery, or even from spite. Of this latter malappro-
priation it would be invidious to cite examples, although they are
well known to many naturalists and Entomologists.*
The real principle which ought to be our guide, in the appli-
cation of such names, is admirably expressed in the two following
aphorisms of Fabricius. ‘ Nomina trivialia ad clarissimorum
virorum memoriam conservandam introducta sancte servanda.
Hoe unicum et summum laboris premium caste dispensandum
ad imitamentum et ornamentuim Entomologie.”}
Can it however be said to be an “ ornamentum Entomologize”
to see its nomenclature defiled by instances of bad feeling or worst
taste? Are these honorary titles ‘‘ caste dispensanda” when the
names of worthy writers are wilfully conjoined for ever with insig-
nificant species of Scolopendre, spiders, or other venomous or para-
sitic insects? I am quite willing to believe, that in many cases an
author has been anxious to confer a distinction on his fellow
labourer by such a step, but his judgment has been at fault, and
in some cases his desire to please has proved a source of annoy-
ance and ridicule. The Fabrician rule does not appear to me
sufficiently strong in this case. It merely says, ‘‘Scopoli hic
nomina trivialia aranearum recepit, at minus placent, aranearum
species luridz ingratze nec adhuc rite determinate.” I would go
much farther, and would erase every commemorative name of
this kind, known to have been suggested by the feelings I have
above spoken against, and even such as suggest any other idea
but that of honour to the person whose name is so commemo-
rated.
Another circumstance connected with the employment of pro-
per names, which does not appear to me to have been suffi-
ciently attended to, is its adoption for all the species throughout
certain groups. No one advocated uniformity more than Lin-
nzus, and his plan of commemorative names is very worthy of
being pursued. ‘* Nomina trivialia Papilionum splendidorum pa-
tronorum fautorumque memorize, Pyralidum vero amatorum,
Tinearum denique scriptorum dicant a Linné, quem et nos secuti
sumus.” We know, too, how carefully he followed this system,
even in the divisions of his Greeks and Trojan butterflies. How
* See e. g. Smith, Introd. to Botany, by Hooker, pp. 189, 190.
t Philosoph. Entomol. pp. 118, 119.
of some new Exotic Coleoptera. 913
irksome is it then to see the mode in which the names of the spe-
cies of some modern groups are manufactured. Here we see the
names of Gods and Heroes, in the nominative case, applied to the
most diminutive species, mingled with those commemorative of
previous writers or collectors in the nominative or genitive cases,
and these again with simple adjectives.
We cannot in these matters do better than follow in the foot-
steps of the great masters of our science, and therefore it is that
I would advise the plan adopted by Mr. Kirby, of distinguishing
the names commemorative of Entomological writers by the ter-
mination el/a, and those of collectors by the termination ana, or
some such like plan.
The employment of these commemorative names for generic
purposes has not been carried so far in Zoology as in Botany.
That there was a reason for this at first is evident from the
words of Fabricius—‘‘ Botanica nomina generica hunc in finem
introduxerunt, at in Entomologia genera pauciora raroque nova
deteguntur.”* But Zoologists are now at no loss for new genera,
and therefore, except for the sake of preserving the long main-
tained uniform plan of employing them specifically in Zoology
and generically in Botany, there is no good reason why the
name of an Entomologist, as well as that of a Botanist, should
not be converted into a generic name. If done at all, however,
it ought to be confined to notable genera, respecting which there
can be no diversity of opinion, and which, from their singularity
or beauty, cannot but be retained conspicuously in the system.
Section PHYTOPHAGA.
Family HISPIDZE.
Genus Dipyytiocera, Westwood.
Corpus ovale, antice angustatum, nitido-metallicum, disco ely-
trorum punctis magnis excavato,
Caput parvum, inerme, irregulare. Labrum parvum, trans-
versum, angulis anticis rotundatum, ciliatum. Mandibule
parvee, cornez, apice acute bidentate. Maxille parve,
bilobatz, lobo externo tenui palpiformi et quasi biarticulato,
lobo interno latiori obtuso setoso. Palpi maxillares 4-arti-
culati, articulo basali minimo, 2ndo et 3tio majoribus, subze-
qualibus, apice crassioribus; 4to brevi crasso. Antenne
elongate, subincrassate, extus serrate, articulis tertio ad 6m
sensim externe dilatatis, 8vo, 9mo et 10mo extus valde dila-
* Op. Cit.'p. 119:
214 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions, &c.
tatis, ultimo ovali. Mentum parvum, subquadratum, antice
parum latius. Labium fere rotundatum, disco elevato mi-
nori rotundo. Palpi labiales breves tenues, 3-articulati,
articulis longitudine fere eequalibus, intermedio crassiori.
Prothorax transverso-quadratus, angulis acutis, lateribus
fere parallelis. Elytra subovalia, prothorace latiora, disco
punctis magnis excavatis, triplici serie ordinatis, Pedes sim-
plices, satis crassi, tarsis brevibus, latis, articulo 3tio bilobo.
This beautiful insect in some respects approaches the genera
Phyllocharis and Eumolpus, but it seems, on the whole, more
nearly related to Hispa and its allies.
Diphyllocera gemellata, Westw. (Pl. XXII. fig. 1.)
Viridi-eenea, nitida, purpureo cupreoque tincta, elytris punctis
maximis excavatis, triplici serie ordinatis, femoribus casta-
neis, antennis chalybeeis.
Long. corp. lin. 5.
Habitat in Nova Hollandia.
In the British Museum, and in the Museum of the Naval and
Military Institution.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES.
P]. XXII. fig. 1. Diphyllocera gemellata.
Fig. la, labrum; 16 and 1c, mandibles; 1d, maxilla;
le, mentum, labium and labial palpi.
Fig.2. Erichsonia dentifrons.
Fig. 2a, head and antenna seen in front; 2b, head seen
from above ; 2c, head and base of antenna seen from be-
neath ; 2d, head and prothorax seen laterally ; 2 e, man-
dible; 2.f, maxilla; 2g and 2h, mentum, labium and
labial palpi, in different positions ; 2i, fore tarsus and tip
of tibia.
Fig.3. Tuphroderes distortus.
Fig. 3a, left mandible seen sideways ; 36, right mandible
seen sideways; 3c, maxilla; 3d, mentum? 3 e, abdomen
seen from beneath; 3f, head and antenna of female.
Fig. 4. Prophanes aculeatus.
Fig. 5. Prophanes metallescens.
Fig. 5a, maxilla and mentum, &c.; 56, antenna; 5c, pro-
meso- and metasternums.
Fig. 6. Platyphanes gibbosus.
Fig. 6a, body seen sideways; 6 6, pro- and mesosternums ;
6c, antenna.
Mr. W. W. Saunders on some new Species of Erycina. 215
XXXIX. On some new Species of Erycina. By W. W.
Saunpers, Esq., F.L.S.
[ Read 5th February, 1849. ]
In the following paper I propose giving descriptions of several
new species of the tailed Erycinas, for the discovery of which
Entomology is indebted chiefly to the exertions of Mr. Jurgensen
in Mexico, of Mr. D. Dyson in Honduras and Venezuela, and
more recently to Messrs. Wallace and Bates in the vicinity of Para.
At the same time I shall add references to the species already
described, so as at once to bring under the eye all that is at pre-
sent known of this interesting group of diurnal Lepidoptera.
I do not find that this group has been treated on since the
publication of M. Morisse’s monograph in the 6th vol. of the
Annales of the Entomological Society of France. This author
enumerates six species, and I am fortunate now in being able to
double this number. Our knowledge of the various species is
still very imperfect, and in several instances only one sex is
known. As the sexes vary greatly in outline and colouring,
further investigation will in all probability prove that some of the
species founded upon the female sex will not stand good. In
geographical range the species appear to be confined to the con-
tinent of tropical America, Mexico being the northern, and Brazil
the southern, limits of their range. Several sub-genera have
been proposed for dividing the tailed Hrycinas; but, looking to
the imperfect knowledge we yet possess of the species, and the
length of the palpi, on which the sub-genera chiefly depend for
characters, how these palpi gradually diminish by almost imper-
ceptible degrees, from the long porrect ones to those scarcely
apparent, I shall for the present include all the species under the
generic term Erycina, with such divisions as appear to be de-
sirable for bringing the species most nearly allied together. In
determining the species I have received assistance from my friend
Mr. E. Doubleday, who has kindly furnished me with descriptions
of those species which I could not without get access to so readily
as he is able to. For the excellent figures accompanying this
paper I am indebted to the talented pencil of another friend, Mr.
Westwood.
VOL. V. Zz
216 Mr. W. W. Saunders on
TABULAR ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.
ERYCINA.
Wings not transparent.
Tails of the wings long and narrow. Palpi much pro-
jecting.
Erycrina, Bois.
1. Butes. (Clerck.)
2. Rhetus. (Cram.)
8. Thia. (Morisse.)
4? Aristoderus. (Bois.)
Tails of the wings broad, varying in length.
Palpi slightly projecting.
Dioruina, Morisse.
5. Laonome. (Morisse.)
6. Dysoni. (Saunders.)
7. Psecas. (E. Doubleday, Brit. Mus. Cat.)
8. Iphinoe. (Hib.)
Palpi little apparent.
ZerontiA, Morisse.
Wings without blue shades on the undersides.
White banded.
9. Jurgenseni. (Saunders.)
2 10. Pertander. (Cram.)
2 11. Calphurnia. (Saunders.)
Yellow banded.
/ 12. Aulestes. (Cram.)
4 18. Glaphyra. (EK. Doubleday, Brit. Mus.
Cat.)
}| 14, Pandama. (E. Doubleday, Brit. Mus.
Cat.)
‘15. Tedia. (Cram.)
) 16. Lysippus. (Drury.)
Wings of the males with blue shades on the
undersides.
Red banded.
17. Pyretus. (Cram.)
, 18. Julia. (E. Doubleday.)
/0 19. Montezeuma. (Saunders.)
Yellow banded. “4
20. Inca. (Saunders. )
some new Species of Erycina. 217
Wings transparent.
2 21. Chorineus. (Cram.)
= 22. Heliconoides, (Swainson.)
23. Timandra, (Saunders.)
24, Xantippus. (G. R. Gray.)
Sp. 1. Erycina Butes.
Papilio Butes, Clerck. Icon. Tab. 46.
— Licarsis, Fab. Ent. Syst.
Erycina Licarsis, Godt. Enc. M.
Rhetus Crameri, Swainson, Zool. Ill. 2 Ser. t. 33.
Erycina Licarsis, Morisse, Ann. Soc. Ent. France.
Diorhina Rhetus, Brit. Mus. Cat., p. 3.
Diorhina Butes, Brit. Mus. Cat., p. 4.
Hab. Brazil, Venezuela, &c.
In my own collection, and that of the British Museum, &c.
This is one of the species which occurs most frequently in col-
lections, and is subject to vary in the brightness of its colours.
A very beautiful variety is figured at Pl. XX. fig. 6, which differs
from the type in almost entirely wanting the blue at the base of
the anterior wings, and in having the crimson mark of the poste-
rior wings extending nearly to the outer margin.
Sp. 2. Erycina Rhetus.
Papilio Rhetus, Cramer, Tab. 63, fig. G.
Hab. Surinam, (Cramer),
Upon careful examination of all the allied species and comparing
them with Cramer’s figure, the latter appears to represent a
distinct species, and may be known by the long black tails to the
wings, the small crimson spot on the inner margin of the posterior
wings, and the obsolete bluish band which appears immediately
behind the latter.
Sp. 3. Erycina Thia, Morisse, Annales de la Soc. Ent. de
France, vol. 6, Pl. 11, figs. 3 and 4.
Diorhina Thia, Brit. Museum Cat., p. 4.
Hab. Mexico, (Morisse).
»» Honduras, (Dyson).
In my own collection and that of the British Museum.
Z2 :
218 Mr. W. W. Saunders on
Sp. 4. Erycina Aristoderus, Boisduval, Annales of the Soc. Ent.
de France, vol. 6, p. 420.
Hab. Cayenne, (Morisse).
This is only known to me by the description above referred to.
Sp. 5. Erycina Laonome.
Diorhina Laonome, Morisse, Ann. Soc. Ent. de France,
vol. 6, pl. 14, figs. 5 and 6.
Erycina Iphinoe, g¢, Godt. Encyc. Méthod. t. ix. p. 565,
567, according to Morisse.
Hab. Brazil.
»» Wenezuela, (Mr. Dyson).
In my own collection and that of the British Museum.
Not an uncommon species.
Sp. 6. Erycina Dysonii. (Pl. XX. fig. 1 and la, ¢ ;
fig. 2 and 2a, 2.)
Anterior wings above black, each crossed with two obscure
whitish narrow transverse parallel bands, the outer one. nearly
central, the inner one about midway between the outer one and
the base of the wing, the ground colour between the bands having
a rich bluish-purple iridescence. ‘The posterior wings, each pro-
duced into a longish rather acutely pointed tail, having a large tooth
on the inner margin at the base; above black, tinted with a rich
changeable purplish-blue colour extending over the whole surface,
except on the outer and -inner margins, with two obscure narrow,
dull, whitish bands, corresponding in direction to those of the an-
terior wing, and terminating at a curved irregular band of crimson
colour, which commences on the inner margin a little below the
apex of the abdomen, thence curving downwards for a short dis-
tance, crosses more than half the wing in an upwards direction,
leading to the anterior angle, and has a small oval crimson spot a
little above its termination; also with two faintish white streaks
immediately under the crimson band, a white speck on the tip of
the tail, and another on the indentation caused by the tooth at the
base of the tail, which is black.
Undersides of the wings dull brownish-black, crossed with
bands corresponding with those of the upper surface, but broader ;
the colour between the bands with a dull purplish iridescence ;
and the upper wings having an oblong crimson spot at the base on
some new Species of Erycina. 219
the anterior margin. Head, antenne, and body black; the abdo-
men with a yellow streak on each side; legs fulvous.
Hab. Venezuela, (Dyson).
Expansion of wings 1,7, inches.
In my own collection and that of the British Museum.
The foregoing is the description of the male insect discovered
in Venezuela by Mr. Dyson, after whom I have named the species.
The female differs in having the upper surface of a silvery-grey
‘tinged with blue at the base, traversed by two broad, distinct,
whitish bands, in the same position as the slender lines in the
male. The tails of the posterior wings have a distinct white litura
at the base. The lower surface only differs from the upper in
being rather paler and less brightly coloured.
Sp. 7. Erycina Psecas. (Pl. XX. fig. 4 and 4a.)
Diorhina Psecas, Brit. Mus. Cat., p. 3.
Above anterior wings of a brilliant changing blue, from the base
to beyond the middle; the costa and the outer margin fuscous.
The posterior wings are also of a brilliant blue, with the outer margin
fuscous. Close to the base of the anterior wings is a pale bluish-
white subhyaline fascia, commencing at the sub-costal nervule,
crossing the wing and being continuous with a similar band on the
posterior wings, which does not reach their inner margin. At the
extremity of the cell of the anterior wings is a similar band, cross-
ing them from close to the costa to the inner margin, not far from
the anal angle ; this band is continued on the posterior wings nearly
to the third median nervule. Externally to this band the wings
are fuscous. At its termination is a bright crimson transverse
irregular band, extending to the inner margin, curved upwards at
both its extremities. From this to the anal angle is a black patch.
The tails are of a brilliant blue, are tipped with white, and have a
faint white cloud at their base; the cilia also white at the anal
angle. Below the blue colour of the upper surface is replaced by
fuscous, the white marks more distinct ; the base of the anterior
wing has a crimson spot above the sub-costal nervure. Abdomen
black, with a red line.
Hab. Bolivia, (Bridges).
Expansion of wings 1? inches.
In the collection of the British Museum.
For the above description of this new species I am indebted to
Mr. E. Doubleday.
220 Mr. W. W. Saunders on
Sp. 8. Erycina Iphinoe.
Ancylaris Iphinoe, Hiibner, Guyer, vol. 3.
I only know this species by the figure of Hiibner in the volume
above quoted.
Sp. 9. Erycina Jurgensenit. (Pl. XX. fig. 3.)
Wings above black-brown; the anterior with two transverse
white bands, one broad, nearly central, slightly curving outwards
and somewhat narrower towards the anterior margin, where it
terminates in a crimson oblong spot; the other, between the band
just described and the lateral margin, running nearly parallel
to the former, somewhat curved outwardly, narrow, and termi-
nating near the posterior angle. The posterior wings produced
into a broad, rather elongate, obtuse diverging tail, with a strong
tooth on the inner margin, and partly crossed by two white
bands; the inner one broad, arising immediately under the broad
band of the anterior wing, curving inwards, and terminating some-
what below the apex of the abdomen; the outer narrow, near and
parallel to the exterior margin, terminating on the same level as
the broader band, having also two crimson spots; one elongated,
band-like, arising from the posterior termination of the broader
band, from whence it curves upwards to the interior margin of
the wing, which it reaches a little below the apex of the abdomen ;
the other nearly oval, placed about midway between the former
and the base of the tail. On the interior margin of the wing, be-
tween the two crimson spots, is a small white spot; and there is
also a faint white streak, running from the oval crimson spot,
parallel with the inner margin of the tail, and terminating about
midway along the outer margin ; the sinuosities of the inner margin
of the tail and the tips of the same are fringed with white. ‘The
undersides of the wings correspond in colouring to the upper.
Head, antenne, body, and legs black-brown.
Hab. Mexico.
Expansion of wings, 2-2, inches.
In my own collection.
This is a female, collected by Mr. Jurgensen, a Swedish gentle-
man, who lost his life while acting as natural history collector in
Mexico, after whom I have named the species. It may possibly
be the female of Erycina Montezeuma, hereafter described. Both
were collected in the same country, and sent home in the same
box.
some new Species of Erycina. 221
Sp. 10. Erycina Periander.
Pap. Periander, Cramer, Tab. 188, C.
Hab. Surinam.
I only know this from the figure of Cramer, quoted above.
Sp. 11. Erycina Calpharnia. (PI. XX. fig. 7 and 7a.)
Wings above dark umber-brown; the anterior ones, each with
a nearly central transverse broadish white band, somewhat curved
outwardly, and narrowing towards the anterior margin. Posterior
wings, each produced into a broad gradually tapering long tail,
with a broad gradually attenuated white band, arising immediately
under the band of the anterior wing, and running thence nearly
parallel with the outer margin to a point a little below the termi-
nation of the abdomen, where the colour changes to orange, and
the band is continued, in a much narrower and uneven way, to the
interior margin of the tail, running close to and parallel with the
margin for more than half its length. The wing is fringed with
white externally, from the anterior angle to the extremity of the
tail, and a patch of white fringe occurs near the anal angle. ‘The
undersides of the wings correspond in colouring with the upper-
sides, except that the umber-brown colour, between the band and
the body, changes to greyish-ash, and on the posterior wing a
narrow white band inclines upwards from the commencement of
the orange band to the base of the abdomen. The orange band is
also partly discontinued, appearing as an elongated patch, and a
narrow streak along the interior margin of the tail. Head and
antenne dark umber-brown. Thorax and abdomen dark umber-
brown above; whitish-ash below. Legs whitish-ash.
Hab. ?
Expansion of wings, 2-3, inches.
In the collection of Mr. Conrad Loddiges.
For a knowledge of this fine female, the largest of the tailed
Erycinas which I have seen, I am indebted to Mr. C. Loddiges,
who kindly lent me the specimen to describe. He is not aware
from what part of the world it was obtained.
Sp. 12. Erycina Aulestes.
Papilio Aulestes, Cramer, Tab. 128 G.
Hab. Surinam. (Cramer.)
I am only acquainted with this from the figure given by Cramer,
above quoted.
222 Mr. W. W. Saunders oz
Sp. 13. Erycina Glaphyra. (Pl. XXI. fig. 3 and 3a.)
E. Doubleday, Brit. Mus. Cat. p. 3.
Wings above black; the anterior, each with two transverse
bands, one broad, placed about one-third the length of the wing
from the base, curving outwards, and narrowing towards the an-
terior margin, bright yellowish-orange ; the other yellowish-white,
narrow, somewhat obscure, parallel to the former, and about midway
between it and the lateral margin. The posterior wings each pro-
duced into a broad, somewhat elongated, rather obtuse diverging
tail, sinuate on the anterior margin, with a broadish, central, bright,
yellowish-orange band arising under the broad band of the anterior
wing, and running thence longitudinally to a point somewhat be-
yond the apex of the abdomen, where it assumes a crimson colour,
and, changing direction, proceeds to the interior margin of the
wing, nearly at right angles to its previous course; also with a
short, broadish, crimson, undulating band, with a white speck at
the commencement, arising on the interior margin of the wing, a
little above the base of the tail, and running diagonally across the
latter to its outer margin, having a course nearly parallel to the
inner margin; also with a faint white interrupted streak between
the yellow band and the outer margin, with which it runs nearly
parallel; and also having three white specks on the fringe of the
outer margin of the wing, two specks on the fringe of the inner
margin, and the tip of the tail the same colour. Undersides of
the wings coloured and marked as the uppersides, except that the
marginal bands are more decided and broader. Head, antenne,
body and legs black; the abdomen with two lateral yellow streaks,
one on each side, and two faint white streaks on the underside.
Hab. Para. (Messrs. Wallace and Bates. )
Expansion of wings, 1,6 inches.
In my own Collection and that of the British Museum.
This is a female. The specimens that I have examined vary
somewhat in size.
Sp. 14. Erycina Pandama. (PI. XX. fig. 5 and 5 a.)
E. Doubleday, Brit. Mus. Cat. p. 3.
Above wings black, crossed near the middle by a transverse
fascia, broad and slightly curved on the anterior wings, narrower
and bent at almost a right angle on the posterior, This fascia is
luteous on the anterior wings, and also towards the anterior mar-
gin of the posterior wings, and of a crimson hue from the disc of
the wing to the inner margin, At the origin of the tail is an
some new Species of Erycina. 223
obliquely transverse crimson fascia, which does not quite touch
either margin. The cilia of the posterior wings are dotted with
white. The under surface scarcely differs from the upper, except
in the transverse band of tail having a small white patch at the
termination on the inner margin. Head, thorax, abdomen, an-
tennz and legs black.
Hab. Bahia.
Expansion of wings, 13 inches.
In the Collection at the British Museum.
For the foregoing description I am indebted to Mr. E. Double-
day. It is made from a female.
Sp. 15. Erycina Tedea. (Pl. XXIII. fig. 1 and 1a.)
Papilio Tedea, Cramer, Tab. 102 (A).
Zeonia Tedea, Morisse, Annales de la Societé Ent. de France.
Vol. 6, p. 425.
Dark umber-brown ; the anterior wings above with two trans-
verse bands, one nearly central, broadish, well defined, pale yellow,
—somewhat narrower, and curving inwards, as it approaches the
posterior margin; the other narrow, obscure, dull yellow, com-
mencing towards the apex, and thence curving outwards, runs in
a waving line to the posterior angle, getting very faint as it ap-
proaches its termination; posterior wings each produced into a
broad, obtuse, diverging tail, having two teeth on the outer margin,
above with a pale yellow well-defined broadish band, commencing
immediately under the broad band of the anterior wing, and run-
ning thence curves gently inwards, until it terminates in a point
about midway between the external and internal margins of the
wing, a little above the base of the tail; also with a dull yellow
spot on the inner margin of the wing, a little below the apex of the
abdomen, and a broadish, orange, undulating band, commencing
with a white spot, on the inner margin of the base of the tail, and
running diagonally across the tail to a point a little above the
apex on the outer margin; also with a faint, dull, yellow streak
parallel to the outer margin of the wing, on which are three white
specks on the fringe; and there are three specks of the same
colour, two on the inner margin, and one at the apex of the tail.
Undersides of the wings with the same colouring and markings
as the upper sides, with the exception of the marginal band of the
anterior wings being broader and better defined, and the yellow
longitudinal band of the posterior wings curving gently upwards
at its extreme length, and terminating on the inner margin, under
224 Mr. W. W. Saunders on
the dull yellow spot of the upper sides. Head, antennze and body
black-brown. Abdomen with a yellow line on either side.
Hab. Surinam. (Cramer.)
Expansion of wings, 1,8, inches.
In the Collection of Mr. Conrad Loddiges.
For an opportunity of describing this rare insect I am indebted
to Mr. C. Loddiges. No lengthened description from the speci-
men has before appeared. It has been only known up to the
present time by the figure of Cramer. It is a female, and closely
allied to the two females just described (Z. Glaphyra and E.
Pandama). Mr. Loddiges is not aware of the native locality of
his specimen.
Sp. 16. Erycina Lysippus.
Pap. Lysippus, Drury, Vol. 1, pl. 22, figs. 3 and 4.
5 Cramer, Tab. 380 a.
Zeonia Lysippus, Morisse, Annales of the Ent. Soc. France, Vol. 6,
p- 425.
Hab. Para. (Wallace and Bates.)
Expansion of wings,
In my own collection and that of the British Museum.
I retain this species among the true Lrycinas, because other
Entomologists have done so on account of its short obtuse tail,
but it appears to me to belong to another group, and should not
be placed here. The specimens from Para have the ground-
colour darker, and the yellow bands broader and brighter, than is
represented in the figures of Drury and Cramer.
Sp. 17. Erycina Pyretus. (Pl. XXI. fig. 4 and 4 a.)
Pap. Pyretus, Cramer, Tab. 144, a. B.
Pap. Melibeus, Godt.
Zeonia Melibeus, Morisse, Annales.
Erycina Julia, E. Doub., Brit. Mus. Cat.
Hab. Surinam. (Cramer.)
5, Bolivia. (Bridges.)
Expansion of wings, 15% inches.
In the Collection of the British Museum.
I have thought it desirable to give a figure of this species, that
the differences between it and the following closely-allied species
may be the more easily distinguished.
some new Species of Erycina. 225
Sp. 18. Erycina Julia, (Pl. XXI. fig. 1 and la, $;
fig. 2 and 2a, 9.)
Matr.—Black, having the anterior wings above with a nar-
rowish, transverse, well-defined, nearly central, straight crimson
band. The posterior wings each produced into a short, obtuse,
almost straight tail, having an obtuse tooth on the inner margin,
with a narrowish crimson band, commencing immediately under
the band of the anterior wing, and running down the centre to a
point a little below the apex of the abdomen, where it suddenly
curves nearly at right angles to its former course, and terminates
on the inner margin; also with a large irregular crimson spot
crossing the base of the tail, commencing nearly on the inner
margin, with a small white speck, then running downwards, and
getting gradually broader, suddenly rises again, and terminates
near the outer margin with a hook-like point; also having a pale
brownish streak parallel to the outer margin, on which are four
white specks on the fringe, with another on the tips of the tail,
and another on the inner margin of the tail of the same colour.
Undersides of the wings entirely shaded with brilliant metallic
blue, with a largish round crimson spot on the posterior margin
of the anterior wings, and another undulating crimson spot on the
inner margin of the posterior wings, corresponding with the ter-
mination of the crimson band of the upper side, and a round white
spot at the base of the tail, on the inner margin. Head, antennz
and body black. Legs black, with blue reflections.
Expansion of wings, 1,3, inches.
Femate.—Black ; anterior wings above with two transverse
bands, one well-defined, narrowish, crimson, nearly central, cross~
ing the wing in a gentle curve inwards ; the other very narrow,
obscure, yellowish-white, parallel to the former, and between it
and the outer margin. Posterior wings produced each into a very
broad, obtuse, much-diverging tail, sinuate on the interior mar-
gin, and slightly so on the outer margin of the wing, with two
narrowish crimson bands; one arising under the crimson band of
the anterior wing, and running down the centre to a little below
the apex of the abdomen, there curves suddenly nearly at right
angles to its former course, and terminates on the inner margin
of the wing; the other slightly undulating, crossing the base of
the tail parallel to the bend of the longitudinal band, and about
midway between the latter and the inner margin of the tail; also
having three white specks on the fringe of the outer margin of the
wing, and the like number of white specks on the fringe of the
226 Mr. W. W. Saunders on
inner margin of the tail. The undersides of the wings coloured
and marked as the upper sides, with the exception of the marginal
band of the upper anterior wing being broader, well defined, and
whiter, and the curve of the longitudinal band of the posterior
wing running up the anterior margin quite to a point, and a yellow
spot on the interior margin of the posterior wing, at the commence-
ment of the transverse band. Head, antennz and body black.
Abdomen with a broad, yellow, lateral fascia on each side.
Hab. Para. (Messrs. Wallace and Bates.)
Expansion of wings, 1-8, inches.
In my own Collection and that of the British Museum.
This species, differing chiefly from Pyretus in the colouring of
the underside of the wings and the shape of the crimson spot at
the base of the tail, was first known by a specimen from Para,
presented to the British Museum by Mr. J. P. G. Smith. Both
sexes have been since sent home by Messrs. Wallace and Bates.
This is the species which Mr. E. Doubleday intended to have
named Julia, but by some error in the manuscript, the name Julia
got affixed in the Catalogue of the British Museum to the true
Pyretus of Cramer. I have much pleasure in carrying out in
the name my friend’s intentions.
Sp. 19. Erycina Montezeuma. (Pl. XXI, fig. 5 and 5a.)
Black, with a dull purplish iridescence. The anterior wings
above with a narrow, nearly central crimson band, and a very
obscure narrow dull brownish band, running parallel to the former
band and midway between it and the external margin. Posterior
wings produced each into a shortish obtuse diverging tail, having
an obtuse tooth on the inner margin, and two obtuse teeth on the
outer margin of the wing; above with a narrow crimson band
arising immediately under the crimson band of the anterior wing,
and running down the centre to a point a little below the apex of
the abdomen, where it curves suddenly upwards at an acute angle
and terminates on the interior margin of the wing: also with a
nearly oval crimson spot situate at the base of the tail about mid-
way between the outer and inner margins, and a narrow band of
brilliant blue spots running parallel to the outer margin of the wing
and terminating at the oval spot: and also with three white specks
on the fringe of the outer margin of the wing, and the like number
on the fringe of the inner margin of the tail; the whole tail has a
brilliant blue iridescence in the proper light. Undersides with
two broad brilliant metallic blue bands, crossed by black nervures
some new Species of Erycina. 2217
corresponding nearly in position with the bands on the upper
sides, the inner one the broadest and terminating before the apex
of the abdomen; the posterior wings margined externally with
brilliant metallic blue, with a crimson oblong spot on the inner
margin corresponding with the portion of the band on the upper
side, which curves upwards: also an oval crimson spot under the
oval spot of the upper side, and an obscurely marked white spot
between the latter and the inner margin. Head, antenne, legs
and abdomen black, the latter having a yellow line on either side.
Hab. Mexico. (Jurgensen.)
Expansion of wings 2 inches.
In my own Collection and that of the British Museum.
This fine species was discovered by Mr. Jurgensen. The
description is from a male insect, and the female is unknown, if it
be not the Ery. Jurgenseni before described.
Sp. 20. Erycina Inca. . (Pl. XXI. fig. 6 and 6 a.)
Black. The anterior wings above with a broadish bright golden
yellow transverse central band, curving inwards on approaching
the interior angle. The posterior wings each produced into a
short obtuse diverging tail, having above an ill defined blue patch,
with two paler points at the base of the tail, the blue colour in
certain lights extending over the surface of the tail; also four
white specks on the fringe of the outer margin of the wing, as
well as two specks of the same colour on the fringe of the inner
margin of the tail. Undersides of the wings tinted with rich
metallic blue, the black colour of the wings showing through at
the nervures and forming also a broad band common to both wings ;
in the anterior one corresponding with the yellow band on the
upper surface, and on the posterior wings running parallel to the
outer margin nearly to the base of the tail, where it curves upwards
and terminates on the anterior margin of the wing, having imme-
diately above its termination, a little distance from the margin, a
small round yellow spot, and immediately below a small oblong
rather obscure white spot. ‘There is also on the anterior wings a
yellowish obscure spot near the base on the underside, which is
not visible until the wing be well expanded. Head, antenne,
body and legs black. Abdomen with a pale yellow line on each
side.
Hab. Mexico. Jurgensen.
Expansion of wings 2 inches.
In my own Collection.
228 Mr. W. W. Saunders on
This fine and very distinct species was discovered in Mexico
by Mr. Jurgensen. He only sent home a single specimen, which
is a male.
Sp. 21. Erycina Chorineus.
Pap. Chorineus, Cramer, Tab. 59 A.
Erycina Octavius, Godt.
Pap. Octavius, Fab.
Zeonia Octavius, Morisse.
Hab. Guiana. (Cramer.)
I only know this by the figure of Cramer; it is very distinct
and easily known by the peculiar position of the crimson spot at
the base of the tail.
Sp. 22. Hrycina Heliconides.
Zeonia Heliconides, Swainson, Zool. Illus. pl. 111.
Hab. Brazil. (Swainson.)
Only known by the figure of Swainson above referred to.
Sp. 23. Erycina Timandra. (Pl. XXIII. fig. 2 and 2 a.)
Wings transparent, colourless; the anterior ones above with
black nervures, and a black margin in shape of band surrounding
each wing, except for about two-thirds of the posterior margin,
the band being broader on the lateral margin: also with a black
patch at the base of the wing, and a nearly central broadish trans-
verse band of the same colour terminating a little before the
posterior angle on the posterior margin. Posterior wings each
produced into two tails, one short tooth-like on the anal angle,
and the other long, narrow, nearly of equal width throughout,
slightly diverging, placed at the termination of the lateral margin
above, with the nerves black; a broad black band on the interior
margin, a narrow band of the same colour on the outer margin,
and a broadish black band running between the’two, but nearer
and parallel with the outer margin; all the bands uniting some-
what below the apex of the abdomen, and giving a black ground
to the wing and tails below, except where it is partly crossed near
the base of the tooth-like tail by a large crimson somewhat lunate
spot, which arises on the exterior margin of the wing, and curving
thence gently downwards crosses two-thirds the width of the wing,
and a small white speck nearly on the outer margin at the termi-
nation of the crimson spot. The shorter tail is tipped with white
and the longer tail fringed at the apex with the same colour,
some new Species of Erycina. 229
and there is also an ashy blue tint on the upper surface of the
latter in certain lights. Undersides of the wings the same as the
upper, with the exception of a row of bluish white spots across
the base of the tails immediately below the crimson spot. Head,
antennz, body and legs black.
Hab. Brazil.
Expansion of wings 1,5, inches.
In the Collection of the British Museum.
This species closely approaches to Ery. Heliconides, but differs
chiefly in its smaller size, anterior wings less rounded on the ex-
terior margin, and the shape of the crimson spot, with a white spot
at its extremity on the outer margin. I have only seen one
specimen, a male.
Sp. 24. Erycina Xantippus, Gray, An. King. pl. 102, fig. 1.
Zeonia Morisset, Bois., Annales Ent. Soc. France,
vol. 6, pl. 14, fig. 7 and 8.
Zeonia Chorineus, E. Doubleday, Brit. Mus. Cat,
Hab. Brazil. Banda oriental. (Morisse).
In the Collection of the British Museum.
The original specimen, from which the figure for the ‘* Animal
Kingdom” was drawn, being in the British Museum Collection,
there can be no doubt but that it is identical with the Zeonia
Morisset of Boisduval above referred to. The specific name given
in the ‘ Animal Kingdom” must therefore stand good, having the
priority. This is another nearly allied species to the two former
ones, but may be easily distinguished, by there being two crimson
spots in lieu of the crimson band at the base of the tails.
230 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the Genus Ceria.
XL. On a new Species of the Dipterous Genus Ceria. By
W. W. Saunpers, Esq., F.L.S.
Ceria Daphneus, Walker.
Catalogue of the Diptera in the British Museum, p. 537.
I nAveE thought it desirable to give a figure (Pl. XXIII. fig. 7)
of this interesting species, as it is the only one which has yet been
discovered in the New World, and will form a good appendix to
my notice of the genus Ceria, vol. iv. p. 63, of the Transactions
of this Society. It was found by Mr. Gosse in Jamaica, and
appears to be rare, as only a single specimen was sent home.
The specimen is imperfect, wanting the antenne.
Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description of exotic Diptera. 231
XLI. Diptera nonnulla exotica descripta. Auctore J. O.
Westwoop, F.L.S., &e.
[Read Ist October, 1849.]
Order DIPTERA.
Division NEMOCERA.
Family TIPULIDZ.
Sub-family MYCETOPHILIDES.
Genus Pratyura.
Sub-genus, PLatyrorriton, Westw.
Sub-genus novum Platyuris typicis affine, attamen antennis fla-
bellatis distinctum. Caput mediocre, haud rostratum, oculis
maximis subtus basin antennarum conjunctis: ocelles 2
magnos approximatos tantum vidi. Os _ indistinctum.
Antenne breves, 12-articulate, articulis brevibus, 3—11
singulatim ramum longum pilosum emittentibus, 12mo
elongato. Ale absque cellula parva sub-quadrata, vena Ima
longitudinali ante apicem ramulum parvum obliquum, ad
costam extensum, emittente. Pedes satis graciles et elongati,
posticorum tibiis calearibus duobus acutis armatis, articulo
Imo longo et reliquis parum crassiori. Abdomen elongatum
gracile.
Obs.—Individuum unicum, parum mutilum, tantum vidi.
Platyroptilon Miersu, Westw. (Tab. XXIII. fig. 3, and details.)
Piceum, obscurum, abdominis segmentis intermediis fascia lata
basali lutea, alis fusco-tinctis, praesertim ad costam, venis
regione costali magis obscuris, pedibus piceo-albidis, tibiis
posticis obscuris.
Long. corp. lin. 3.
Habitat in Brasilia.
In Muszxo D. Miersii.
VOL. V. AA
232
Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description
Division BRACHOCERA.
Stirps TANYSTOMA.
Family ASILIDZ.
Sub-family DASYPOGONIDES.
Genus Euscexipia, Westw.
Genus novum, femoribus posticis clavatis, pilosissimis, caeteris
generibus hujus familize omnino distinctum.
Caput mediocre, transversum, thorace parum latius. Proboscis
porrecta acuta, capitis longitudine. Palpi breves, seta longi-
tudinis proboscidis terminati, facies parum obliqua, episto-
mate barbato. Antenne breves, graciles, articulo 3tio duobus
basalibus conjunctim fere duplo longiore, apice acuminato,
stylo brevi, setiformi, sub-biarticulato. Thoraa brevis ovatus.
Abdomen longum, gracile, clavatum, basi hirsutum. Ale
subanguste, vena externa cellule 2de postice marginem
posticum alee paullo sub apicem attingente ; cellula discoidali
basi acuminata, venis quatuor longitudinalibus emittentibus.
Pedes 4 antici graciles. F'emora postica clavata, valde hirsuta,
tibiis posticis elongatis subrectis; tarsis omnibus raptoriis,
se. articulis subtus spinosis, ultimo majori subincurvo,
unguibus valde elongatis et acutis: pulvillis nullis.
Euscelidia rapax, Westw. (Tab. XXIII. fig. 4, and details.)
Nigra, lateribus thoracis griseis; abdomine fulvo fasciato ;
femoribus 2 posticis tibiisque fulvis.
P q
Long. corp. lin. 53; expans. alar, lin. 83.
Habitat in Africa tropicali? In Mus. nostr.
Caput nigrum, facie pilis setisque albido-sericeis dense vestita,
occipite luteo-villosum. Antennz picez; thoracis dorsum
nigrum, nitidum, transverse striolatum, lateribus scutelloque
albido-luteo villosis. Abdomen nigrum, fulvo-varium, geni-
talibus rufescentibus. Alze fuscescentes flavido parum tincte,
venis nigris. Pedes antici fulvi; 2 intermedn femoribus
in medio et apice extremo nigris, tibiis piceis basi fulvis ;
margineque interno etiam fulvo; 2 postici fulvi, femoribus
fulvo-pilosis ; ante medium fascia brevi nigra; tarsis omnibus
nigris, basi fulvescentibus, setis crassis nigris subtus armatis.
Haustellum nigrum. Subtus thorax lateribus albido-sericeis,
abdomineque pallide luteo-fulvo,
of some Exotic Diptera. 233
Sub-family LAPHRIIDES.
Genus Atomosia, Mcq.
Atomosia purpurata, Westw. (Tab. XXIII. fig. 5, and details.)
Purpurea punctatissima, alis fusco-hyalinis, pedibus rufis ;
tibiarum apicibus tarsisque nigris.
Long. corp. lin. 4; expans. alar. lin. 65.
Habitat in India Orientali. D. Boys. In Mus. nostr.
Hoc genus, e speciebus Americanis adhuc compositum, nunc
incola Indiz Orientalis pereleganti ditatum. Hee species nova
Chrysidibus analoga colore, corpore punctato, necnon abdomine
basi quadrato, metathorace latiori. Venze alarum ut in speciebus
typicis Americanis singulariter dispositz ; venis transversis posticis
cellule discoidalis et quartz posticze eadem linea posite.
Caput inter oculos supra valde impressum, tuberculo vel cornu
brevi erecto, ocelligero, apice bisetoso armatum. Facies
argenteo-sericea, obtuse angulata, angulo longe setoso. Pro-
boscis fere perpendiculari. Antenne capitis longitudine.
Thorax brevis, fere rotundatus, supra nitidus, punctatissimus.
Scutellum czruleum, nitidum, tuberculis duobus rufis callosis
utrinque ad basin ejus instructum. Abdomen elongatum,
thoracis latitudine, lateribus fere parallelis; segmentis basi
constrictis. Ala fusco-hyaline, fulvo-tinctae, venis obscuris.
Pedes rufi, longe setosi, tibiarum apicibus tarsisque nigris.
Family BOMBYLIID.
Genus Systropus, Weid.
(Vide monographiam nostram in opere periodico, Guerinio
edito, sub nomine ‘“‘ Magasin de Zoologie,” anno 1842, ubi species
plurimas hujus generis persingularis descripsi.)
Systropus Ophioneus, Westw. (Tab. XXIII. fig. 6.)
Niger, thorace flavo-maculato, abdomine obscure fulvo, striga
dorsali nigra, femoribus posticis ferrugineis ; tibiis posticis
basi et apice pallidis, tarsis posticis nigris.
Long. corp. lin. 7; expans. alar. lin, 93.
Habitat in India Orientali. D. Boys. In Mus. nostr,
S. Eumenoidi (Westw. in Guér. Mag. de Zool. 1842, Ins.
pl. 90) proxima, at magis obscura. Facies angusta, flava,
argenteo-sericea. Concavitas postica capitis nigra, griseo-
sericea. Antenne nigra, basi extrema articuli 1mi pallida,
AA2
234 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description
Proboscis elongata, nigra. ‘Thorax niger, maculis duabus
transversis ad angulos anticos, duabus subtriangularibus ante
basin alarum et duabus minutis cuneatis ad basin internam
alarum. Scutellum nigrum, punctis duobus lateralibus minutis
flavis; metathorax flavo-bimaculatus. Abdomen elongatum,
compresso-clavatum, curvatum, fulvum ; segmentis apicalibus
rufescentibus, vitta tenui dorsali nigra. Ale pallidee fus-
cescenti-hyalinee, costa magis fulvescenti. Halteres flavi,
macula ante apicem nigra. Pedes 4 antici flavi, femoribus
basi apiceque tarsorum, nec non fascia in medio tibiarum
intermediarum obscuris. Femora 2 postica ferruginea;
tibize basi ferruginee, medio nigree, apice flavee ; tarsi nigri.
Stirps ATHERICERA.
Family SYRPHID.
Genus Ceria. Fabr.
(Vide monographiam hujus generis Dom. W. W. Saunders, in
hoe opere, tom. iv. p. 60, pl. iv., olim editam, ubi species undecim
descripsit et accurate delineavit. Speciei alterze, in Museo
Britannico asservate, cel. Walkerio nuper descripte, hic desiderio
Dom. Saundersii figuram ostendo, iconographiam generis com-
pletam efficientem.)
Ceria Daphneus.
(Walker, List of Specimens of Dipterous Ins. in Coll. Brit. Mus.
p- 537.)
(Tab. XXIII. fig. 7.)
“ Ferruginea, flavo-fasciata nigroque varia, pedibus fulvis,
femoribus nigris, alis dimidio costali fulvis.’’— Walker, |. c.
Long. corp. lin. 74; expans. alar. lin. 123.
Habitat Jamaica. In Mus. Britann.
Obscure fulva seu ferruginea, parte postica capitis fulva,
pedicello antennarum nigro. Thorax angulis anticis punc-
tisque duobus parvis approximatis flavis, lateribus macula
nigra conica notatis, margine postico dorsali flavo, fascia
inter alas scutelloque nigris. Abdomen segmento Imo flavo,
macula postica nigra: 2ndo et 3tio linea transversa subapical
nigra, margine ipso flavo. Pedes fulvi, femoribus basi nigris,
tiblis basi flavidis. Ale hyaline, dimidio costali fulvo.
Oxs.—Speciem alteram, Ceria scutellata nominatam, descripsit
‘cel. Marquartius in opere ‘“‘ Diptéres Exotiques,” tom. 2, par. 2,
p- 10, ex Algeria allata Domino Lucas, et in opere hujus auctoris
de Insectis Algericis delineata,
of some Exotic Diptera. 235
Family MUSCID.
Genus Acuias, Fabr.
Hoe genus optimz note, multos per annos e specimine unico
Bosciano, hodie in Museo Parisiensi, at male conservato, cogni-
tum est. Hoc insectum Javanicam, curd Guerinii, monente
Wiedemanno, delineatum est in opusculo, anno 1830 Kiliz
Holsatorum edito, cui titulus “ Achias Dipterorum Genus a Fa-
bricio conditum illustratum novisque speciebus auctum,” &c. a
Chr. Rud. Guil. Wiedemann, cum descriptione gallica Latreillii,
auctori communicata.
Hz nove species attamen generibus aliis pertinent, scil. Pla-
giocephalo (P. lobularis, ex Brasilia) ; Zygothrice (Z. dispar, ex
Brasilia); et Diops: (Diopsis (Sphryracephala) brevicornis, ex
America septentrionali).
Speciem secundam pulcherrimam Achie, etiam ex insula Java
celeberr. T’. Horsfieldio allatam, descripsi et delineavi in opere meo
“Cabinet of Oriental Entomology,” p. 38, tab. 18, f. 4. Mas ibi
delineatus ; nunc vero partes anatomicas ejusdem insecti cum
figura capitis foemine addo et speciem tertiam giganteam de-
scribo. Utrumque sexum hujus tertiz speciei mecum amicissime
communicavit Dom. W. W. Saunders, inde patet pedunculos
oculigeros in foemina hujus generis multo breviores quam in
maribus, quod etiam in 4. Horsfieldi obtinet.
He tres genuine species generis 4dchie inter se, forma capitis
et corporis nec non dispositione venarum alarum discrepant, et
forsan totidem subgenera systemate hodierno constituunt. Hune
laborem aliis attamen relinquo, sectiones literis notatas hi¢ tan-
tum indicans :
A. Venez alarum recte.
a. Corpus breve crassum. A. oculatus.
b. Corpus cum pedibus elongatum. 4. Ichneumoneus.
B. Venz antice alarum curvate. 4. Horsfieldii.
Achias Ichneumoneus, Westw. (Tab. XXIII. fig. 8, and details.)
A. fulvus, capitis pedunculis nigro-vittatis, alis nitidissimis,
flavidis, venis fulvis.
Long. corp. lin. 7—94$; expans, alar. lin, 123—153.
Habitat in India Orientali.
In Mus. Saunders 6 2; Mus. Westw. 6. D. Boys.
Corpus totum maris late fulvum, vitta antica et postica pedun-
culorum oculigerorum nigris exceptis. Corpus elongatum.
236 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description, &c.
Caput parvum. Abdomen parum ante medium angustatum.
Ale nitidissime flavidee, venis fulvis, pseudostigmate in
medio coste fulvo, pedunculi capitis in nostro specimine
maris fere corporis longitudine, in alio individuo vix capite
cum thorace longiori.
Foemina differt statura robustiori, pedibus brevioribus, abdo-
mine magis clavato, apice obscuro, pedunculis oculorum vix
longitudine thoracis et crassioribus.
DESCRIPTIO TABUL&.
Tab. XXIII. Fig. 3. Platyroptilon Miersii magn. auct.: 3a, caput antice visum,
cum antennis; 35, caput e latere visum; 3c, antenna;
3d, ala; 3e, pes anticus; 3/f, pes posticus.
Fig. 4. Euscelidia rapax magn. auct.: 4a, caput e latere visum ;
4b, antenna; 4c, articulus ultimus tarsorum, cum un-
guibus.
Fig. 5. Atomosia purpurata magn. auct.: 5a, caput antice visum ;
5b, idem e latere; 5c, antenna.
Fig. 6. Systropus Ophioneus magn. auct; 6a, eaput ¢€ latere visum.
Fig. 7. Ceria Daphneus magn. auct.
Fig. 8. Achias Ichneumoneus g magn. auct.: 8a, caput antice
visum pedunculis truncatis; 8b, idem e latere; 8c,
antenna ; 8d, caput foemine.
Fig. 9. Partes Achia Horsfieldii: 9a, caput maris antice visum ;
9b, idem e latere; 9c, antenna; 9d, ala; 9e, caput
foemine.
GENERAL INDEX
TO
VOLUMES I. TO V.
oh id a
ot ea ve
GENERAL INDEX
TO
VOLUMES I. TO V.
INCLUDING THE DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES AND THE MORE REMARKABLE
INSTANCES OF HABIT, ECONOMY AND OCCURRENCE OF SPECIES
RECORDED IN THE JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS,
Nore.—Where the name only of an Insect is mentioned the description thereof is
referred to.
The Figures refer to the pages of the Transactions, and the Numerals to the pages of
the Journal of Proceedings.
Genera Sussects, page 239. Homoptera, page 248.
APHANIPTERA, page 242, Hymenoptera, page 248.
ARACHNIDS, page 242. LepiporTera, page 250.
CoLeoptTeERA, page 242. Myrziapopa, page 253.
Crustacea, page 247. Neuroprera, page 253.
Dirrera, page 247. Orruoprera, page 253.
EvupLexoprTerRA, page 247, SrrepsipTEna, page 254.
Hemiptera, page 247. TuHysanoura, page 254.
——
GENERAL SUBJECTS.
Antenna, use of, in insects, vol. II, pages 229, Ixxiv.
Apparatus for capturing insects by lamplight, vol. 1V. page Ixiv.
Apples destroyed by insects, see Insects.
Blight, web spinning of the apple, vol. I. page 21.
Bots in horses, vol. I. page lvii; vol. II. page Ixvi.
Caprification as practised in South Europe, vol. II. page 214.
Clavaria on caterpillars, vol. II. page vi; vol. IV. pages xxiii, Ixvii.
Cork, insects destructive to, vol. II. page Ix.
Corn, insects destructive to, see Insects.
Cotton crops of India, moth destructive to, vol. III. page 285; vol. V. page xxxiv.
VOL. V. BB
240 GENERAL INDEX.
GENERAL Sussects—continued.
Dead-sea apples, vol. II. page 14.
Electric shocks from insects, vol. III. pages viii, xxill.
Entomology of Adelaide, New Holland, vol. 1V. page xeviii.
Africa, vol. V. page vill.
China, vol. IV. page 4.
New Zealand, vol. 1V. page 262.
Eyes of insects, peculiarity of the cornea, vol. II. pages 253, lu.
Fabricius, J. C., Biography of, vol. IV. page i.
Fossil insects, vol. III. page xix; vol. IV. pages 250, xl, xlii, Ixxiii; vol. V.
page Ixxxv.
Gum animé and copal, observations on, vol. 1. page xix ; vol. II. page Ixxv.
Habits and economy of insects, plan for a cabinet of illustrations of the, vol. III.
page 101.
Honeycomb, experiments on, vol. III. page 103.
Hop-fly, preventive of ravages of, vol. I. pages Nii, lvii.
House-fly, method of excluding from apartments, vol. I. pages 1, Ixxv; vol. II.
pages 45, xx.
remarks on a passage in Herodotus referred to in Mr. Spence’s paper on,
vol. I. page 7.
Hybridisation of insects, vol. II. page Ixxii; vol. III. page 195.
Insect ‘‘ Life,” by Dr. Badham, remarks on, vol. LV. page 286.
maternal attendance on the larva of an, vol. I. page 232.
monstrosities, vol. I. pages Ixxiii, xxix ; vol. Il. pages xxvii, Ixx, Ixxvii;
vol. III. pages 203, viii; vol. lV. pages v, vii, xxviii, cii, cxlviii, cl, clv ;
vol. V. page 11.
Insects affording food to man, vol. III. pages 129, xxiv.; vol. 1V. page xvi.
agency of, in causing sterility in flowers, vol. I. page xliv.
appearance of, affected by cold, vol. V. page x
fogs, vol. V. page xiv.
British, notes on habits of various, vol. I. page 198.
blind, in the caves of Styria, vol. LV. page cli.
carpophagous, remark on, vol. II. page 157.
coupling of different species, vol. I. page Ixxxiii, Ixxxvi; vol. III. page 195.
destructive to apples, vol. III. pages 98, ix, xxv; vol. 1V. page xxxil;
vol. V. page xvi.
books, vol. IJ. page xxxvi; vol. III. page ix.
cocoa-nut trees, vol. I. page Ixiii.
corp, vol. I. page iv; vol. 11. page Ixvii; vol. ILI. pages
xi, xx, xxxv ; vol. 1V. pages xil, xv, xvili, ]xxxv.
cotton, see Colton.
pepper, vol. II. page Ixxi; vol. V. page vill.
pictures, vol. II. page xli; vol. IV. page xviil.
pine-apples, vol. I. pages Ixiv, Ixvii.
potatoes, vol. II]. page 154; vol. 1V. pages cxvi, cxxxvi;
vol. V. pages iv, vi, vil, Xv, xvill, xxiii, lxxxix.
segars and tobacco, vol. 1V. page xxvi; vol. V. page Ixxxvi.
sugar canes, see Homoptera ( Delphax).
GENERAL INDEX. 241
GENERAL SuBsects—continued.
Insects destructive to sweet potato (Batatas edulis), vol. V. pages lvii, Ixviil.
turnips, vol. I. pages lii, Ixxvi, Ixxxvi; vol. II. pages 24,
Ixv, Ixxi, Ixxvii; vol. V. pages xvii, xxix, XXXIV.
wine corks, vol. I, page lv; vol. V. pages xxxv, xli, Ixi.
wood of houses, &c. vol. lL. page viii; vol. Il. pages ill, X;
see also Hymenoptera (Sirex).
flat method of setting preferable, vol. V. page Ixxxiil.
flying far out at sea, vol. II. page Ixxvi; vol. IV. pages 101, cxx, CXxXVl,
exlii, cxlvi.
found in mummies, vol. I. pages xi, lvi, Ixvii; vol. III. page 191; vol. 1V.
page vi.
in raw turpentine, vol. II. page x.
on spinal sheath of a horse, vol. V. page xvi.
geographical distribution of, vol. IV. page vill.
hermaphrodite, vol. If. pages x, xxiii, Ixix; vol. IV. pages 68, Ixxiv,
Ixxxvi, xciv, cxxxvi, cxlix; vol. V. page 119.
impregnation of, vol. I. page Ix; vol. II. page Ixxv.
Indian, on the habits of some, vol. I. page 60; vol. 1V. pages Ixxv, exvill,
CXxi, CXxVil, Cxxxix, cli.
infested with Filaria, vol. II. pages xv, xxi, Ixxxiv; vol. 1V. page Ixxxiv.
influence of locality upon, vol. V. page 1.
in the human body, vol. 1. page xlvii; vol. II. pages 152, 256, xlix, lvii;
vol. III. page iii; vol. 1V. pages vii, Ixxx, xciv; vol. V. page xvili.
larve of, method of preserving, vol. 1V, page clii.
method of relaxing, vol. IV. page exlviii.
new genus of Apterous hexapod, vol. III. page 231.
of Australia, notes on, vol. 1V. page 100.
Cape Palmas, notes on, vol. IV. page exliil.
parasitic, vol. 11. page Ixxvii; vol. III. page ii; vol. V. page Ixxvii.
produced by galvanic agency ? vol. V. page Ixvi.
producing silk, and possibility of rearing silk crops in England, vol. I. page
123.
reproduction of limbs in, vol. III. page xxv; vol. LV. pages xcix, cil, cxvi,
clvi.
sense of hearing in, vol. II. pages 229, Ixxiv.
pain in, vol. IV. page cxxv.
submarine, vol. I. page Ix.
succinic, vol. I. page 133; vol. II. page 46.
suggestions for collecting and packing abroad, vol. 1V. page x.
West Indian, observations on, vol. I. page xlv.
with fungi attached, vol. I. page xviii ; vol. IL. pages vi, xii, xxiii, xlili ;
vol. IIT. pages iv, xii, xxxiv; vol. [V. pages xxili, cxx.
Lantern adapted for tracing neuration of wings of insects, vol. 1V. page exiv.
Library, catalogue of the, vol. I. page xevil; vol. II. page Ixxxvii; vol. III. page
xxxvil; vol. IV. page xiii; vol. V. page xi.
Meal rendered poisonous by Bruchi? vol. V. page xxxix,
Nomenclature, observations on, vol. IV. page xevi; vol. V. pages 211, Ixxvii.
BB2
242 GENERAL INDEX.
GENERAL SuBsEcTS—continued.
Pheasants destructive to Diptera, vol. IV. page cxx.
Receptacles of pupz, vol. 1. page xxxvili.
Schoénherr, C. J., Biography of, vol. V. page liii.
Silk, observations on production and manufacture of, vol. 1. pages 1, Ixxxiv.
of spiders, strength of, vol. I. page Ixvi.
worm, variety producing white silk, vol. II. page 40.
Spongilla fluviatilis, anomalous insects inhabiting, vol. III. page 105; vol. V.
page XxXxl.
Wire-worms, method to destroy, vol. II. pages xxvii, Ixxi; vol. III. page 154.
APHANIPTERA.
Pulex penetrans, observations on, vol. II. pages 196, 199, 203.
Sarcopsylla canis, vol. 11. page 203.
ARACHNID.
Actinopus edificatorius, vol. I1I. page 175.
Cleniza nidulans, notes on nest of, vol. IL. page 207.
Galeodes fatulis, manners of, vol. IV. page cxv.
Mygale Ionica, vol. I1I. page 160.
observations on habits of, vol. I. page xvi; vol. III. page 165;
vol. IV. page xxxix.
Phrynus lunatus, habits of, vol. 1V. page exiii.
Scorpions, effects of their sting, vol. I. page xlvii.
Spiders, strength of silk of, vol. I. page Ixvi.
trap-door, observations on, vol. III. page 170.
venomous species in Jamaica, vol. I. page xlviti.
web, mechanical peculiarities of a, vol. I. page 127. {
Ticks, effect of, in West Indies, vol. I. pages Ixv, Ixviii.
Trombidium Tiliarium, ravages of, vol. IV. page xcvii.
COLEOPTERA.
Adelotopus Gyrinoides, vol. I. page 12.
Aepus fulvescens, &c., habits of, vol. I. page 179; vol. III. page xxix.
Alaus irroratus, vol. 1V. page 85.
Alleleida Ctenostomoides, vol. II. page 194.
Amauronea subenea, vol. II. page 175.
Amycterus Schonherri, vol. I. page 68.
Anobia, destructive to pictures, vol. II. page xli; vol. IV. page xviii. \
Anobium tesselatum, habits of, vol. Il. page x.
Anommatus terricula, method of capturing, vol. II. page xi.
Anthelephila ruficollis and A. mutillaria, vol. I. page 65.
Anthonomus pubescens, a new British species, vol. LV. page xxxil.
Apate, destructive to gun-stocks, vol. IV. page Ixxxi.
Aphodiide, description of species of, vol. lV. page 239.
Apion dissimile, a new British species, vol. LV. page xxxix.
Aplothorax Burchellii, vol. I11. page 209.
Athyreus frontalis, vol. lV. page 85.
a ea i
GENERAL INDEX. 943
CoLreoprERA—continued.
Baludeva Walkeri, vol. Il. page 225.
Baridius trinotus, destructive to potatoes in America, vol. V. page Ixxxix.
Belus testaceus, vol. II. page 192.
Blaps Mortisaga, description of the larva, vol. II. page 99.
Blepusa costata, vol. I11. page 69.
Bolboceras, new species of, vol. III. page 79.
Brachelytra, habits of some British species, vol. IIT. page 108.
Brachinus crepitans, explosive properties of, vol. Il. pages vii, Ixxxil.
Brenthide, new species of, vol. V. page 182, 206.
Bruchus granarius, economy of, vol. IV. page xix.
Buprestide, new species of, vol. IV. pages 102, 208, 283.
Byrrhide, new species of, vol. [V. page 105.
Calandra granaria, observations on, vol. I. pages 241, Ixxvii.
Tamarindi, vol. I. page 36.
Callirhipis Hoodii, vol. I. page 151.
Laportei, vol. IV. page 181.
Callona tricolor, vol. IL. page 228.
Calosoma nigrum, vol. IV. page 85.
Sycophanta, anatomy of larva, vol. I. page 235.
capture in Britain, vol. III. page xxvii; vol. TV. page Ixxiii.
Campsosternus, monograph of the genus, vol. III. page 286.
Cantharidez, new species of, vol. IV. page 103.
Cantharis vesicatoria, abundant in Suffolk, vol. III. page ix.
Carabide, collected by C. Darwin, Esq., vol. II. page 128.
new species of, vol. IV. page 104; vol. V. page 202.
Curabus Schonherri, taken in Britain, vol. IV. page xxxvi.
Cerambyx formosus, vol. 11. page 178.
Cetoniid@, character distinguishing the sexes, vol. IV. page hii.
new species of, vol. IIL. page 215; vol. V. pages 32, 64,81, 144, 181.
Ceutorhynchus viduatus, a new British species, vol. [V. page xxxil.
Chetopisthes fulvus, vol. 1V. page 242.
Cheirotonus Parryii, vol. V. page 59.
Chiasognathus Grantii, notice of, vol. I. page Ixxxv.
Chlamys, portable case of the larva, vol. LV. page xxviil.
Chrysomela sanguinolenta, note on, vol. III. page x.
Chrysomelide of Australia, memoir on, vol. |V. pages 141, 197, 268, 293.
Cicindela Assamensis and C. latipennis, vol. 1V. page 84; vol. V. page 80.
limosa and C. Prinsepii, vol. I. page 64.
Shivah, vol. V. page 80.
Clinteria pantherina, vol. V. page 82.
Coccinelle, in swarms, vol. V. page xxiv.
Coleoptera, from China, descriptions of, vol. 1V. page 138.
larve and pupe of various species, vol. I. page 27.
observed in the Scilly Islands, vol. II. page 58.
Copris, coverings of the pupz, vol. I. page xxxviii; vol. II. page Ixxxi ; vol. IIT.
page xiv; vol. IV. page cxxxix.
Midas, habits of, vol. I. pages 180, xxxviii.
244 GENERAL INDEX.
Coxeortrr a—continued.
Cremastocheilus brunneus and C. Campbellii, vol. III. page 234.
Cryptodus, observations on the genus and allies, vol. IV. page 19.
Cryptorhynchus Batate, vol. V. page Ixix.
Decarthria Stephensii, vol. I. page 16.
Dermestes vulpinus, ravages of, vol. II. page Ix.
Diaperide, new species of, vol. [V. page 108.
Dicranorhina micans and D., cavifrons, vol. V. page Ixxxvii.
Diphucephala, monograph of the genus, vol. I. page 215.
Diphucrania aurifiua, gall formed by, vol. V. page 27.
Disphericus Gambianus, vol. I1I. page 210.
Dromius, observations on species of, vol. I. page 80.
Dynastes Jupiter, vol. IV. page xi.
Dynastide, new species of, vol. LV. pages 76, 112, 281.
Dyticus marginalis, monstrosity in, vol. II]. page 203.
Dytiscide, collected by C. Darwin, Esq., vol. III. page 1.
Elater noctiluca, luminosity of, vol. 1. page xlvi.
Elateride, habits of, vol. V. page Ixxi.
new species of, vol. IV. page 9.
Eumolpus pyrophorus, vol. 1V. page 86.
Euparia nigricans and E. Desjardinsii, vol. 1V. page xciii.
Eupromera Spryana, vol. 1V. page 224.
Galeruca Tanaceti, profusion of, vol. I. page xxxili.
Geodephaga, new species of, vol. IV. page xlv.
Geotrupide, new species of, vol. 1V. page 113.
Golofa, new species of, vol. II. page 42.
Haliplus ferrugineus, subdivided into several species, vol. I. page 175.
Haltica nemorum, to prevent ravages of, vol. I. page lii; vol. II. page 108.
temarks on, vol. IT. page 24.
See also Generat Sussects (insects destructive to turnips).
Haltice, collected by C. Darwin, Esq., vol. IL. page 131.
Heleide, new species of, vol. V. page 52.
Helluodes Taprobane, vol. IV. page 279.
Helophorus fennicus, food of, vol. V. page xvii.
Helopid@, new species of, vol. IV. page 111; vol. V. page 203.
Heptodonta Hopei, vol. 1V. page 84.
Heteromorphide, new species of, vol. [V. page 104.
Heteromera, new species of, vol. 1V. page Ixxvi.
Hexaphyllum Westwoodii, vol. LV. page xi.
Hexarthrius Buquettii, vol. 1V. page 182.
Hispide, new species of, vol. V. page 213.
Holoparamecus, notes on the genus, vol. 1V. page 234.
Hydradephaga, new species of, vol. IV. page xlvii.
Jumnos Ruckeri, vol. II. page 176.
Lamellicornes, new species of, vol. III. pages 62, 279; vol. 1V. pages 36, 114,
225, 284, 296, xliii, Ixviii.
with exserted mandibles and labrum, and 10-jointed antenne,
vol. IV. page 155. _
GENERAL INDEX. 245
Co.LrorTERA—continued.
Lamia croceo-cincta, vol. II. page 178.
Norrisii, vol. I. p. 148.
tector, habits of, vol. V. pages xlviii, Ixxxvi.
_ Lamiade, new species of, vol. 1V. pages 76, 86; vol. V. page 185.
Lampyride, at the Baths of Lucca, vol. IV. page xcv.
new species of, vol. 1V. page 10.
Languriu latipes, vol. 1. page 149.
Lebiade, new species of, vol. V. page 179.
Leiodes, phosphorescent ? vol. V. page ix.
Leptosomus acuminatus, vol. 11. page 192.
Longicornes, new species of, vol. 1V. pages 42, xlviii; vol. V. page 210.
Lophotus nodipennis, vol. I. page 15.
Lucanide, new species of, vol. Il. page 177; vol. IV. pages 5, 73, 183, 271, ci.
Lucanus Cervus, habits of, vol. I. page vi.
power of, vol. II. page xxii.
sectional characters of the genus, vol. 1V. page 271.
Lystronychus pulchellus, vol. I. page 153.
Lytta gigas and Mylabris pustulatus, as vesicants, vol. 1V. page xii.
Macromalocera Ceramboides and M. cenosa, vol. I. page 14.
Magdalis phlegmaticus, a new British species, vol. 1V. page xxxil.
Mechidius, memoir on the genus, vol. IV. page 78.
Megulorhina Harrisii, vol. V. page 19.
Melanospilus Bensoni, vol. 1V. page cxxx.
Meloe, animals produced from eggs of, vol. II. page 184 ; vol. IV. pages xvii, xxx.
Proscarabeus, diuretic properties of, vol. IV. page xil.
transformations of, vol. V. page v.
Melolontha bimaculata, vol. Il. page 176.
Melyride, new species of, vol. IV. page 105.
Metascelis flevilis, vol. 1V. page Ixvi.
Metaxymorpha Grayjii, vol. V. page 82.
Metopon suturalis, vol. 1V. page 69.
Micralymna Johnstone, habits of, vol, III. page xxix.
Microchetes sphericus, vol. I. page 13.
Micronyr pygmeus, a new British species, vol. 1V. page xxxii.
Mycroxylobius Westwoodii, vol. I. page 98.
Mimela, monograph of the genus, vol. I. page 108.
sapphirina, vol. IV. page 85.
Minurus testaceus, vol. IV. page 70.
Mitophyllus irroratus, vol. IV. page 55. :
Notaris Serpi, a new British species, vol. IV. page lil.
Osmoderma, new species of, vol. III. page 214.
Pachylocerus corallinus, vol. I. page 19.
Pachyrhynchus, species collected by H. Cuming, Esq,, vol. III. page 310.
Parastasia, new species of the genus, vol. IV. pages 91, ci.
Pausside, new species of, vol. Ll. pages 83, 84; vol. V. pages 22, 24, 29.
and Cetoniide, habits of, vol. 1V. page cxxx.
notes on, vol. V. pages 30, viil.
246 GENERAL INDEX.
CoLEeoprra—continued.
Pelidnota, new species of, vol. IV. page xi.
Philidotus Reichei, vol. IV. page 182.
Plataspis biloba and P, ceénosa, vol. 1V. page exlii.
Platynodes Westermannii, vol. LV. page 278.
Platypus (Tesserocerus) insignis, vol. 1. page 155.
Platyrhinus latirostris, habits of, vol. IL. page x.
Pleomorpha, memoir on the genus, vol. 1V. page 268.
Popillia, list of species of, vol. III. page 32.
Prionus pilosicollis, vol. 1. page 16.
Prostenus laticornis, vol. 1. page 154.
Pselaphide, found in ants’-nests, vol. V. page Ixxxvi.
new species of, vol. IV. page 106.
Pierotarsus bimaculatus, vol. I. page 150.
Ptinide, found on buried bones, vol. V. page Ixxxvii.
Ptinus hololeucus, in houses, vol. II. page Ixvii; vol. V. page Ixvi.
Pytho depressus, a new British species, vol. V. page xxviii.
Remphan Hopei, vol. I. page 67.
Rhipicera, new species of, vol. [V. page Ixiv.
Rhipidocerus Australusie, vol. I1I. page 70.
Rhomborhina, memoir on the genus, vol. LV. page 87.
Sacred beetle, instinct of, vol. IV. page exlvii.
notions respecting, vol. II. pages 172, hii.
Saperda ocularis, vol. IV. page 181.
populnea, Megarthrus seen emerging from body of, vol. III. page x.
testacea, vol. II. page 179.
Scarabeide, new species of, vol. IV. page 6.
Sceliages Hippias, vol. LV. page e.
Scolytus destructor, ravages of, vol. IL. pages xiil, xvi, xx, xxv, xlv.
vermicle parasitic on, vol. IT. pages xv. xx.
Scoteus Corallipes, vol. I. page 15.
Sebasteos Galenus, vol. IV. page c.
Serropalpus striatus, a new British species, vol. 1V. page cxiv.
Smicorhina Sayii, vol. V. page 19.
Staphilinus, memoir on the Linnzan species of, vol. IV. page 45.
Stenoderus pulcher and S. Roei, vol. I. page 17.
Sternoxi, new species of, vol. IV. page xlviii.
Tenclrionide, new species of, vol. [V. pages 106, 110.
Tomicus ( Hypothenemus) eruditus, vol. I. page 34.
Torneutes pallidipennis, vol. II. page 9.
Trachyderes venustus, vol. 1V. page i.
Tragocerus Spencei, vol. 1. page 18.
Trichiad@, new species of, vol. V. page 181.
Tricorynus Zee, vol. V. page Ixviii.
Trictenotoma Templetonii, vol. V. page 83.
Trigonophorus, memoir on the genus, vol. IV. page 87.
Trochoideus Amphora, vol. IV. page exviii.
Trogosita Caraboides, destructive to silk, vol. IV. page xxvi; vol. V. page xlix.
GENERAL INDEX. 247
CoLrorTreRA—Ccontinued.
Upis, observations on economy of a species of, vol. II. page 157.
‘ylophaga, observations on affinities of, vol. I. page 34.
Xylotrupide, new species of, vol. [V. page 7.
CRUSTACEA.
Acarus Crossei, development of, by galvanic agency? vol. LV. page liv.
Anomalocera Patersonii, vol. Il. page 35.
Arcturus, Lat., remarks on the genus, vol. I. page 69.
Crustacea, descriptions of new exotic, vol. I. page 185.
Limnoria terebrans, prevention of its ravages, vol. I, pages 119, xxxiv.
Land-crabs of the Deccan, vol. I. page 181.
Telmessus serratus, vol. [V. page cxxiv.
Thelphusa cunicularis, vol. I. page 183.
Xeuxo Westwoodiana, vol. II. page 203.
Zoea Pattersonii, vol. II. page 114.
DIPTERA.
Achias Ichneumoneus, vol. V. page 235.
Acroceride, new species of, vol. V. page 91.
Alliocera Greca, vol. 1V. page 62.
Anthrax ruficollis, vol. III. page 59.
Atheryx Ibis, masses of, vol. V. pages xliil, Ixxi.
Atomosia purpurata, vol. V. page 233.
Ceria Eumenioides, vol. III. page 60.
new species of the genus, vol. LV. page 63; vol. V. pages 230, 234.
Cheilosia gracilis, in numbers dead on grass, vol. 1V. page xiii.
Dasyneura zonata, Vol. III. page 61.
Didea fasciata, a rare British species, vol. IV. page ci.
Diopsis Hearseiana, vol. 1V. page xcix.
Dipterous parasites on insects, vol. III. page iii.
Euscelidia rapax, vol. V. page 232.
Flies, on the pulvilli of, vol. LV. page 18.
Gastrovides ater, vol. II]. page 59 ; vol. IV. page 233.
Mydasid@, new species of, vol. V. page 87.
stride, observations on, vol. IIL. page 72.
Phytomza lateralis, destructive to pansies, vol. LV. page xciii.
Platyroptilon Miersii, vol. V. page 231.
Simulium Columbatchense, effects of its attacks on cattle, vol. IV. page cliv.
Systropus ophioneus, vol. V. page 233.
Trichopsidea wstracea, vol. LI. page 151.
EUPLEXOPTERA.
Observations on earwigs, vol. I. page 157.
HEMIPTERA.
Callidea spinigera, vol. V. page 186.
Cyclogaster pallidus, vol. II. page 20.
HemipTrera—continued.
Enicocephalus, new species of, vol. II. page 23.
Eucerocoris nigriceps, vol. II. page 22.
Eumenotes obscura, vol. IV. page cxv.
Eumetopia fissiceps, vol. II. page 19.
Halobates Streatfieldana, vol. 1. page 230.
Hemiptera, on the wings of, vol. ILI. page 95.
Heteroptera, descriptions of new species, vol. III. page 84; vol. IV. pages 119,243. |
Holoptilus, memoir on the genus, vol. II. page 248. |
Hydrometra stagnorum, distinctive characters of, vol. I. page liv.
Macrocephalus ( Amblythereus), new species of, vol. III. page 28.
monograph of the genus, vol. III. page 18.
Myocoris, some account of the genus, vol. III. page 102.
Notonecta glauca, migration of, vol. V. page xxxvi.
Onoscelis Australasia, vol. II. page 20.
Pentatomide, new species of, vol. V. page 187.
Physoderes notata, vol. 1V. page cxv.
Pecilocoris, sketch of the genus, vol. V. page 100.
Reduviide, new species of, vol. 1V. pages 119, 243, Ixxiv. exi.
:
|
248 GENERAL INDEX.
|
|
Stenotoma Desjardinsii, vol. 1V. page cxix.
Syrtis, Fab., observations on the genus, vol. IIT. page 18.
HOMOPTERA.
Aleyrodes Phillyree, habit of, vol. V. page xlvili.
Alleloplasis and Cephalelus, new genera, vol. II. page 194.
Aphides, notes on, vol. V. pages 60, 62, xxi, xxv.
species of, destitute of mouth, vol. V. pages xxvii, Ixii.
Aphis Humuli, ravages of, vol. I. pages lii, lvii.
vastator, a distinct species, vol. V. page vii.
Batracomorphus, Idiocerus, and Macropsis, new genera, vol. I. page 47.
Cicada clarisona, note on, vol. I. page xxxil.
septendecem, notes on, vol. I. page xxx.
Cocci, on the destruction of, vol. I. page 171.
Coccus, on pine apples, to destroy, vol. I. pages Ixiv, Ixvii.
Cochineal insects, habits of, vol. V. page v.
Delphax saccharivora, ravages of, vol. I. pages xxvii, xxxv, xlil; vol. V. page xix. ]
Fulgora candelaria, non-luminosity of, vol. IV. page xxxix. !
laternaria, observations on, vol. I. page xxxii; vol. V. page xxxvili.
Lachnus Querctis, a new British species, vol. V. pages xx, XXlv, XXVil.
Pemphigus Lactuce, a new British species, vol. V. pages Ixxvii, Ixxxiv.
Rhisobius Helianthemi, vol. LV. page Ixxxvi.
Smynthurodes Bete, a new British species, vol. V. page Ix.
HYMENOPTERA.
nictus inconspicuus, vol. [V. page 238.
Anomma arcens, vol. V. page 17.
Ants, ‘‘ Drivers” of West Africa, vol. V. page 1.
in houses, vol. I. pages xxv, xxxii; vol. Il. pages 65, xxviii, li, Ixxvii.
GENERAL INDEX. 949
Hymenoprera—continued,
Ants, laying up stores of food, vol. I. page xxix; vol. Il. pages 211, xxxvii.
new species of Indian, vol. I. page 99.
notes on British species, vol. IIL. page 151; vol. IV. pages xiii, Ix.
pertinacity of, in their attacks, vol. I. page xxi.
Athalia centifolia, ravages of, and remedies for, vol. I. page Ixxvii ; vol. 11. pages
xxvi, Ixxvili.
Alta providens, vol. I. page 99.
Bees and Hornets, structure of nests, vol. III. page 183.
Wasps, natural form of their cells, vol. III. pages xi, xii, xiv, xvi, xXx.
Honey, economy of, vol. LV. page cxxxiv.
Honey, of Brazil, notes on, vol. V. page xii.
means by which they find their way back to their hives, vol. LV. page 57
production of a queen from a neuter larva, vol. IV. pages cxxxi, exxxiv.
queen found in coitu on the ground, vol. V. page xii.
Blastophaga Sycomori, vol. II. page 220.
Chalcidide, memoir on the classification of, vol. III. page 295.
Chalcis ( Brachymeria) Euple@, vol. II. page vi.
pyramidea, note on, vol. II. page 224.
Crabro cephalotes? habits of, vol. 1V. page cxxxvil.
Cynips insana, vol. II. page 17.
longipennis, forming galls on oak leaves, vol. II. page xliii.
Dorylas, &c., habits of the genera in India, vol. IV. page exxvii.
Epeolus variegatus, notes on economy of, vol. LV. page 29.
Epomidiopteron Julii, vol. II. page 149.
Evania, aud allied genera, new species of, vol. III. page 237.
Formica indefessa, vol. I, page 99.
Hyleus, new British species of, vol. 1V. page 29.
economy of, vol. IV. page lvii.
Hymenoptera, Aculeate, on the habits of, vol. I. page 52.
new species of, vol. II. page 68 ; vol. III. page 223,
description of upper wing of, with a view to the development of the
Alary system of Jurine, vol. I. page 208.
gregarious, habits, and structure of their nests, vol. III. page 183.
neuters of two kinds, vol. IV. pages ix, xiii.
on the apod larve of, with reference to the segmental theory of
annulose animals, vol. IT. page 121.
Megachile centuncularis, habits of, vol. 1V. page 1.
Melittobia Audouinii, observations on, vol. V. page Ixv.
Mesotrichia torrida, vol. IL. page 112.
Myrmica Kirbii, vol. I. page 99.
Myrmicaria brunnea, vol. III. page 57.
Monodontomerus nitidus, name proposed for a new species, vol. V. page xlii.
Nomada, parasitic habits of, vol. III. page 293; vol. 1V. page Ixvii.
Odynerus Antilope, notes on habits of, vol. I. page 78; vol. 1V. page evil.
species of, number of segments in male and female, vol. I. page Ixvii.
Osmia leucomelana, economy of, vol. 1V. pages 29, eviii.
Pulmon, economy of the genus, and descriptions of new species, vol. [V. page 256.
250 GENERAL INDEX.
HymEnoprrra—continued.
Perga Lewisii, vol. I. page 234 ; vol. II. page xliv.
Pimpla Sodomiticus, vol. Il. page 17.
Polistes gallica, proceedings of a colony of, vol. IV. page 136.
Pompilus? audax, vol. IV. page 141.
Proneus Campbellii, vol. ILI. page 58.
Scleroderma, monograph of the genus, vol. Il. page 164.
Scolia fulva, vol. III. page 222.
Sirex duplex, ravages of, vol. II. page Ixxxii; vol. III. page ii.
Juvencus, ravages of, vol. II. page Ixxxiii; vol. V. page Ixxvii.
Sphegide, new species of, vol. III. page 223 ; vol. LV. page xvi.
Sphex figulus, L., observations on, vol. V. page 57.
on the nomenclature of the genus, vol. IV. page xvii.
Sycophaga crassipes, vol. II. page 222.
Tenthredo testudinea, larva of, in apples, vol. III. pages ix, xxv; vol. 1V. page
XXXIl.
Thoracantha Latreilleii, vol. Il. page 196.
Tuphlopone, note on, vol. IV. page Ixix.
Vespa Britannica, notes on, vol. [V. page Ixxxii.
holsatica, notes on, vol. IV. pages lii, Ixxxii.
Wasps, fond of honey-dew, vol. IV. page cxiv.
method of entrapping, vol. 1V. page xv.
predaceous habits of, vol. I. page 228.
taken in coitu, vol. V. page xxxill.
Xiphidria, economy of the genus, vol. IV. page 123.
LEPIDOPTERA.
Acentria, Acentropus, and Zancle, identity of the genera, vol. I. page 117.
Acherontia Atropos, noise produced by, vol. II, page Ixxvi; vol. IV. pages cviii, °
elvii.
barren females of, vol. LV. page clvil.
Achroea alveuria, observations on, vol. lV. page xxxi.
Acidalia pallidaria, a new British species, vol. V. page xxiil.
Egeria Apiformis, wings clothed with scales, vol. V. page xvii.
Agrolis Segetum, larva destructive to turnips, vol. II. page xxx.
Anacampsis, larve of, destructive to corn, &c., vol. II. page Ixviii.
Anchylopera subarcuana, vol. V. page 21.
Apatura Iris, habits of, vol. II. page 136.
Aphelosetia rufocinerea, habitat of pupa, vol. V. page Ixiv.
Argyresthia Sorbiella, a new British species, vol. V. page Ixxi.
Spiniella and Amiantella ? new British species, vol. V. page Ixxxv.
Bombyx Mori, muscardine on larva of, vol. II, page xii.
(Actias) Selene, notes on, vol. IV. page 221; vol. V. pages 85, xxviii, cvii.
Bugong moth, eaten by Australian aborigines, vol. III. page xxiv; vol. IV. page
Xvi.
Butterflies, gregarious, vol. I. page 38.
influence of slight changes of temperature on, vol. V. page Ixxil.
migrations of, in Britain, vol. 1V. page cliv.
GENERAL INDEX. 251
LrepirpoprErA—continued.
.
Butterflies, migrations of, in British Guiana, vol. IV. pages xv, xvii.
Caradima cubicularis, larvee found in wheat-stack, vol. II. pages xlii, lix ; vol. IV.
page xv.
Castnia, synopsis of species of the genus, vol. II. page 140.
Caterpillars, metamorphosis of, vol. III. page 157.
migratory in Van Diemen’s Land, vol. II. page liv.
processionary in Van Diemen’s Land, vol. II. page lv.
profusion of, vol. II. pages v, xxii; vol. IV. page xxviii.
ravages of, in cherry trees, vol. II. page lvi.
wheat, vol. IV. page xv.
web spun by, over maize, vol. IV. page exlv ; vol. V. page xxii.
winter quarters of, in rose trees, vol. V. page xxxvil.
Catocala Sponsa and C, promissa, time of emerging from pupa, vol. V. page xxxv.
Catoptria citrana, a new British species, vol. V. page xxiii,
Cerostoma porrectella, food of larva, vol. III. page xxiu.
Chelepteryx Collesi, vol. I. page 121.
Coccyx Strobilella, habits of, vol. V. page Ixvii.
Colias Hyale, note on, vol. LV. page Ixxv.
Cosmopteryx pedellu, a new British species, vol. V. page Ixxxiv.
Cucullia Solidaginis, vol. 11. page 57.
Cyneda dentalis, captured in Britain, vol. V. page xviii.
Depressaria conterminella, food of larva, vol. V. page Ixxi.
Gossypiella, vol. III. page 285.
memoir on the genus, vol. V. page 151.
Erateina, a new genus of Geometridae, vol. V. page 110.
Erycing, new species of, vol. V. page 215.
Eucheira socialis, vol. 1. page 44.
Eumenia, character of the pupa, vol. IV. page Ixix.
Eupithecia togata, a new British species, vol. IV. page cxxviil.
Exe@retia Allisella, vol. V. page 152.
Gelechia alacella, a new British species, vol. IV. page cxli.
Gelechia, Zel., memoir on the genus, vol. V. pages 173, 195.
Glea erythrocephala, a new British species, vol. V. page Ix.
Gonepteryx Wallichii, vol. V. page xlvii.
Gracillaria anastomosis, habits of the larve, vol. III. page vi.
Graphiphora depuncta, a new British species, vol. 1V. page liv.
tristigma, a new British species, vol. 1V. page cxlix.
Hermaphrodite British species, descriptions of, vol. V. page 119.
Hipparchia Briseis, taken in England, vol. II1. page xxxi.
Hybrids between different species, vol. II. page Ixviii; vol. III. page 193.
Ilythia sociella, structure of cocoons, vol. V. page Ixvi.
Laria fascelina, caterpillar injurious to hop plants, vol. II. page xxvii.
Lepidoptera, Ceylonese, Notes on, vol. V. page 44.
genera determined by neuration of wings, vol. LV. page xiii.
Indian, Notes on, vol. V. page 45.
larve of, in cells of Odynerus, vol. II. page xviii.
Lithocolletes Roborella, a new British species, vol. [V. page cxlv.
252 GENERAL INDEX.
Lepiporrrra—continued.
Lytea leucographa, a new British species, vol. IV. page evii.
Mancipium Daplidice, capture of, at Dover, vol. I. page Ixix.
Melitea Cinzia, L., identical with P. Delia, W. V., vol. V. page Ixiii.
Morpho, species of, found settling on dung, vol. IV. page cxlvii.
Moths, anthers of flowers attached to their heads, vol Il. pages Ix, Ixii.
the fluid exuded when they escape from their cocoons, vol. II. page xxix.
small, best pins for, vol. V. page Ixxxiil.
Nephopteryx angustella, a new British species, vol. V. page xxxi.
Nepticula argyropeza, a new British species, vol. V. page Ixxi.
Noctua (Xylophasia?) Ewingi, vol. I. page lv.
Notodonta tritophus, a new British species, vol. 1V. page Ixxiv.
Nyssia sonaria, habits and locality of, vol. IV. page xvi.
Oiketious elongutus, vol. V. page 42.
O. consortus and tertius, vol. V. page 39.
habits of a species of, vol. V. page 40.
Oinophila, new generic name proposed for Gracillaria v.-flava, vol. V. page xli.
Orthotatia Sparganiella, note on, vol. V. page 151.
Oncocera Cardui, food of larve, vol. V. page Ixiv.
Oxypate gelatella, habits of the larve, vol. V. page lvii.
Pachythelia, new generic name proposed for Penthophera nigricans, vol. V. page
xlii.
Papilio Erostratus and P. Zetes, vol. V. page 36.
Machaon, two years in pupa, vol. V. page xlii.
Penthina sauciana, a new British species, vol. V. page Ixiii.
Penthophora nigricans, habits of, vol. V. page xl.
Peridromia Feronia, noise made by, vol. 1V. page cxxiii.
Peronea tristana, food and synonymy of, vol. V. page Ixxxvi.
Phoxopteryx upupana, a new British species, vol. V. page I xii.
Plusia Gamma, eggs of, fertile, without intercourse with a male, vol. I. page Ixi.
Polia Lichenea, a new British species, vol. V. page xxv.
Porrectaria fasciato-pennella, a new British species, vol. V. page xxxvi.
lineola, food of the larva, vol. V. page Ixiv.
Vibicipennella, a new British species, vol. 1V. page cxx.
Psyche plumifera, vol. I. page 76.
Suturnia Leto, vol. V. page li.
Promethea, habits of, vol. II. page 8.
Segetia Xanthographa, remarkable variety of, vol. V. page 99.
Sesia Bombyliformis, wings clothed with scales, vol. 1V. page x.
Smerinthus, Hybrid, vol. 11]. page 193, 195; vol. 1V. page 68.
Sphina Convolvuli, barren females of, vol. 1V. page clvii.
Spilonota amenana, a new British species, vol. V. page xxiii.
fenella, food of larve, vol. V. page xlv.
Syntomide, curious structure in wings of a species of, vol. V. page xii.
Thecla Isocrates, vol. II. page 1.
Thyridopteryx Ephemer@formis, and its habits, vol. 1. page 77.
Tinea Clerkella? Lin., ravages of, vol. Il. page xxv.
cloacella, feeds on fungi, vol. II. page x.
GENERAL INDEX. 258
LrpiporTreERraA—continued.
Tinea ferruginella, found in a coal mine, vol. V. page Ixxxviil.
festaliella, Hub, synonymy of, vol. V. page 142.
granella, habits of, vol. IV. page clviii; vol. V. page vi.
Tinee, leaf-mining, with eye-caps, memoir on, vol. V. page 121.
Tortriz, larvz of, in wood of a rose tree, vol. V. page xxxvil.
prizes offered for monographs of some genus of, vol. V. page Ixxxviil.
Xeuridia Luxeri, neuration of wings of, vol. V. page xli.
Yponomeuta Mulivorella, a new British species, vol. V. page xxi.
Padella, notes on, vol. I. page 21.
Sedella, a new British species, vol. 1V. page cvi.
web formed by? on maize, vol. IV. page cxlv.
MYRIAPODA.
Cermatia, memoir on the genus, vol. III. page 302.
Tulus pilosus, a new British species, vol. IV. page Ixix.
pulchellus, ravages of, vol. IV. page xcil.
Sandvicensis, a new British species, vol. 1V. page Ixvi.
Myriapoda, development of, vol. IV. page xiv.
Scolopendra pallipes, effects of its bite, vol. 1V. pages cxiil, cxxil.
reproduction of limbs in, vol. 111. pages xxv, xxxiii ; vol. LV. page iv.
Scolopendrilla notacantha, a new British species, vol. 1V. page xl.
NEUROPTERA.
Agrionide, habits of the, vol. I. page Ixxxi.
mode of oviposition, vol. I. page ]xxxii.
Atropos pulsatoria, structural characters of, vol. IV. page 71.
Chrysopa, monograph of the British species, vol. V. page 77.
Clothilla studiosa, vol. 1V. pages 72, iv.
Coniopteryx Tineiformis, affinities of, vol. V. page xxxil.
Nemoptera Huttii, vol. V. page xxvii,
new species of, vol. I. page Ixxv.
Panorpa, monograph of the genus and its allies, vol. LV. page 184.
Pteronarcys, has branchiz in imago state, vol. IV. page xcvil.
Raphidia Ophiopsis, vol. I. page 23.
Sialis, habits of the genus, vol. [V. page 261.
ORTHOPTERA.
Blatta, notes on egg-cases of, vol. III. page 103.
not the same insect as Oreb, that humbled the pride of Pharoah, vol. LI.
page 179.
ravages of, and remedies for, vol. I. pages xlviti, Ixxix Ixxxiii; vol. 11. page
x; vol. III. page xxiv.
Ephyppitytha maculata, vol. IV. page 300.
254 GENERAL INDEX.
OrtTHOPTERA—Continued.
Locusts in Britain, vol. IV. pages xxv, Ixxxi, clv.
notes on Indian, vol. V. page iil.
Mole-crickets, ravages of, in West Indies, vol. II. pages x, xxxi.
Cdipoda Edwardsii, vol. IV. page cxix.
Phasmide, Australian species of, vol. I. page 45.
Tetrix, natatorial habits of, vol. IV. pages cxvii, exxvii.
STREPSIPTERA.
Elenchus Templetonii, vol. 1. page 173.
tenuicornis, capture of, in Britain, vol. I. page Ixv.
Strepsiptera, economy of, vol. I. page 163, 169, xxxix; vol. II. page Ixxvii; vol.
IIL. pages 67, vi; vol. IV. page lvii.
Stylopid@, parasite on larve of, vol. II. page 184.
Stylops Dalei, note on, vol. III. page 67.
Spencei, vol. I. page 168.
Xenos Westwoodii, vol. III. page 51.
THYSANOURA.
Campodea Staphylinus, vol. IV. page lv.
Lepisma niveo-fasciata, vol. III. page 304.
Thysanoura, description of Irish species of, vol. I. page 92.
introductory observations on, vol. I. page 89.
LONDON:
C. ROWORTH AND SONS, PRINTERS,
BELL YARD, TEMPLFE BAR.
PROCEEDINGS
OF
THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF LONDON.
4th January, 1847.
The Rev. F. W. Hope, F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
DonaTIONS.
The Calcutta Journal of Natural History, Nos. 17—24. Pre-
sented by the Editor, Dr. MacClelland, Corr. M. E.S.
Monographie des Coléoptéres Phytophages. Vol.I. By M.
Theodore Lacordaire, the Author thereof.
The Agricultural Magazine for December, 1846. By the Editor.
The Naturalist’s Almanack for 1847. Presented by Mr. Van
Voorst, the Publisher.
G. A. Gilbert, Esq., Honorary Secretary of the School of Arts
at Port Philip, was ballotted for and elected a Corresponding
Member of the Society.
The President then stated that the meeting had been specially
summoned to take into consideration the proposed alterations in,
and additions to, the By-Laws, of which due notice had been
given at the previous meetings of the Society. The By-Laws were
thereupon revised seriatim, and various modifications therein and
additions thereto were adopted by the Society; which were ordered
to be printed for distribution among the members.
25th January, 1847.
The Rev. F. W. Hope, F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
This being the Anniversary Meeting of the Society,—Captain
Parry, T. Tatham, E. Doubleday, and W. Spry, Esqrs., Mem-
bers of the previous Council, were removed therefrom, and G,
VOL, V. a
il PROCEEDINGS OF THE
Newport, J. F. Stephens, J. J. Weir, and W. F. Evans, Esqrs.,
were elected in their stead; and
W. Spence, Esq., was elected President ;
W. Yarrell, Esq., Treasurer ; and
Messrs. Westwood and Evans, Secretaries.
The President delivered an extemporary address on the state of
the Society, and its proceedings during the past year; whereupon
it was resolved, that a vote of thanks should be given to him for
his services as President, and for the uniform support he had
afforded to the Society.
Votes of thanks were also passed to the other officers.
lst February, 1847.
W. Spence, Esq., President, in the Chair.
DonarTIONs.
The Athenzeum for May, September, October, November and
December, 1846. Presented by the Editor.
The Agricultural Magazine for January, 1847. By the Editor.
Notes on the Transformations of Akis punctata, and the genus
Donacia. By M. Mulsant, the Author thereof.
Various insects from the neighbourhood of Cracow. By Percy
N. Hart, Esq.
Edwin Shepherd, Esq., of Fleet Street, London, was Lallotted
for and elected an Ordinary M. E.S.; and C. A. Wilson, E'sq., of
Adelaide, South Australia, was elected a Corresponding M.E.S.
The President addressed the Society, returning thanks for
his election as President, and nominated W. Yarrell, A. Ingpen,
and J. Walton, Esqrs., for the Vice-Presidents for the ensuing
year.
Mr. Edward Doubleday exhibited a box of Lepidopterous in-
sects from Caraccas, recently received from Mr. Dyson, contain-
ing many new and interesting species, especially a new species of
Papilio, which presents all the appearance of a large black and
orange Heliconia, of which other analogies amongst the moths
were also exhibited ; also a monstrous specimen of Glaucopis bel-
latrix, having the apex of the wing double.
Mr. Wollaston exhibited the female of Jumnos Ruckert, Saund.,
of which the male only had been hitherto known ; also a specimen
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. lil
of a Cetonia from the Himalayas, having the pronotum divided
into two lobes, being constricted longitudinally nearly into two
lateral halves.
Mr. Westwood exhibited drawings of Papilio paradoxus, from
a specimen in the British Museum; and specimens of an appa-
rently distinct species, from the collection of Mr. Harrington ;
and a female of an allied new species analogous to Euplaea, from
the collection of the East India Company, communicated by Dr.
Horsfield.
Captain Parry exhibited a small collection of exotic Coleoptera,
containing many new and remarkable forms; also a specimen of
Papilio Boisduvallianus, from the collection of M. Imhoff of Basle.
Mr. Griffith exhibited a number of beautiful drawings of
British Lepidopterous insects executed by Miss Elizabeth Gorr
of Worthing.
A Memoir on a new species of British Tortricidae, by J. W.
Douglas, was read.
Also Notes on Indian Locusts. By Dr. W. L. M‘Gregor and
Captain Edwardes. Dr. M‘Gregor states that two well marked
varieties or species of locusts had visited the north-western
provinces of India. The most common kind is of a yellow colour,
the other of a red or brick-dust; the wings of the latter being
grey, spotted with black; the yellow is larger than the red locust,
and the legs of the former are stronger and longer, but their
numbers are insignificant when compared to those of the red
locusts which visited the north-western provinces of India during
the past year. A very large flight of the yellow locusts over-
spread the north-western provinces in 1834, committing great
destruction on the crops; their larvee appeared in October, and in
November they were cleared off by flocks of that useful bird the
Mina paradisea. Captain Edwardes suggests that Dr. M‘Gregor
alludes to a different yellow locust from the one which he had
noticed, a drawing of which was laid before the Society by the
Rev. F. W. Hope. Dr. M‘Gregor distinguishes the red one from
the yellow, by saying that the latter has grey wings spotted with
black, leaving the inference that the yellow ones have not such
coloured wings, whereas every yellow locust in the great flight
observed by Captain Edwardes had the wings exactly similar to
those of the red one. Moreover the general average size of the
yellow locusts which he had observed was smaller than that of
the red ones instead of larger.
Description of the gall-like nest of an Australian species of
Buprestidae. By W. W. Saunders, Esq.
iV PROCEEDINGS OF THE
Notes on the habits and description of a new Australian species
of Otketicus. By W. W. Saunders, Esq.
Mr. Westwood brought before the notice of the Society a recent
publication on the potatoe disease by Mr. Smee, in which the
disease is exclusively attributed to the attacks of a species of
Aphis. This subject he considered as one of too great import-
ance to allow such a fallacy to be disseminated without being
checked ; the well known nature of the operations of the Aphides
on other plants being of a totally different kind from the potatoe
disease, whilst the facts which have been recently observed, of the
occurrence of the disease without the presence of a single Aphis,
completely disproved a theory which its author is nevertheless
endeavouring to promulgate with unceasing pertinacity. Mr.
Westwood’s statements and opinions were supported by the
remarks of the President as well as by Messrs. J. F. Stephens and
E. Doubleday.
March \st, 1847.
W. Spence, Esq., President, in the Chair.
Donations.
Concours pour de bonnes Observations sur les Insectes nuisibles
al Agriculture. 8vo. A Report presented to the Societé Royale
et Centrale d’Agriculture. By M. Guérin Méneville.
The Agricultural Magazine for February. By the Editor.
Douglas Jerrold’s Newspaper for the preceding week. By the
Editor.
Annual Address delivered to the Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club
by R. Embleton, Esq. By the Club.
The 86th Part of Illustrations of British Entomology, com-
pleting the work. By J. F. Stephens, Esq., the Author thereof.
The new edition of the Introduction to Entomology, in 2 vols.,
by Messrs. Kirby and Spence. By W. Spence, Esq.
Four Specimens of Nonagria crassicornis. By Mr. Wing.
Exuritions, Memotrrs, &c.
Captain Parry exhibited a specimen of an Lrotylus, from various
portions of the body of which a number of slender vegetable
appendages had been produced, which Mr. W. W. Saunders re-
ferred to the genus Clavaria.
Mr. Gutch exhibited an extensive collection of European Lepi-
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Vv
doptera, including a specimen of the very rare /smene Helios from
Bokhara, which Mr. Doubleday referred to the genus Parnassius,
agreeing therewith in the general arrangement of the veins of the
wings and spur of the anterior tibia, although the palpi were
rather more elongated and the hind wings marked beneath as in
Pontia Daplidice, with which it also agrees in the general form of
the wings.
Likewise a number of minute Coleoptera very carefully set out
upon small square pieces of tale by M. Waga of Warsaw, and so
arranged, by sticking a number of pieces of tale on one pin, as to
pack up in very small compass. Likewise a number of Cater-
pillars very skilfully preserved by M. Graeff of Berlin (Jeru-
salemme Strasse, No. 18), and sold at very reasonable prices.
Mr. Westwood exhibited specimens and drawings of the
Cochineal insect in its various states, which he had received from
Mr. Augustus Faber, by whom it had been brought from Madeira.
He had ascertained that its habits were unlike those of the
ordinary Coccide, as the females brought forth their young alive,
and which were not deposited beneath the body; moreover the
male pupz were enclosed in a bag-like cocoon with the lower end
open, out of which the imago escapes backwards with the wings
laid over the head; thus as well as in other respects warranting
its generic separation as proposed by him in his “ Introduction to
the Modern Classification of Insects.” A memoir had been lately
published in the Pharmaceutical Journal on this insect, in which
various erroneous observations had been made. In reply to a
question by Mr. Newport, Mr. Westwood observed further that
the circumstances which he had detailed took place in the ordinary
temperature of the atmosphere during the preceding summer and
autumn, the plants having been kept in a chamber without a fire.
The President read an extract from a letter from R. Stewart,
Esq., one of the Members of the ‘Torquay Natural History
Society, on the subject of exchanges of Insects to be made
between the Societies; whereupon some observations were made
by Messrs. Saunders, Douglas and Doubleday as to the mode
adopted by the Botanical Society for distributing their duplicates
amongst the members, with a view to the adoption of a similar
plan in this Society, which Mr. Saunders urged especially with
regard to English Insects.
Mr. Newport exhibited specimens of the transformations of
the genus Meloe, viz. the larve in the earliest stage of M. violaceus,
the full grown larvee, the nymph and imago of M. cicatricosus,
which latter he had reared. In their earliest stage the larva of
VOL. V. b
Vi PROCEEDINGS OF THE
M., proscarabeus and violaceus are identical with the insects found
on Nomade, &c. ‘The change from the active habits of the young
to the inactive full grown larvae was noticed, and it was stated that
the limbs became gradually shortened by the claw being thrown
off at each change. In reply to an observation by Mr. Westwood,
that the full grown larva had been described by Geoffroy, (Hist.
Ins. i. 877,) Mr. Newport stated that Geoffroy had mistaken the
larva of Timarcha tenebricosa for that of Meloe. Mr. Newport
further stated that he had counted as many as 2109 eggs in each
ovary of a female M. violaceus for a first deposit; and that there
were eggs in an immature state for two or three more layings, so
that the whole number could not be less than 10,000: the young
larvee are found in flowers of low plants, such as the dandelion,
buttercup, &c., but the eggs are deposited at the roots of grass
and are of yellow colour. Mr. Westwood stated, however, that
on one occasion, whilst collecting in Coombe Wood, upon beating
a broom into his sweeping net he found an immense number of
minute larvee of a Meloe, many of which, by crawling upon his
person, produced a most violent irritation for a short time.
Mr. Douglas stated that Sphinx celerio and convolvuli had been
as abundant in France during the last season as in England, as
stated in the French “ Annales:” and Mr. Westwood stated that
near Canterbury the latter had been so abundant that a friend of
his had captured as many as five in his net at once.
Mr. Spence read an extract of a letter from G. H. K. Thwaites,
Esq., dated 18th December, 1846, respecting the larvee of Tinea
granella, of which he had given a series of details at a former
meeting. Mr. Thwaites stated that in collecting some larvae on
that day he had observed that instead of burrowing into the
wood of the granary beams, &c. many of them had made their
hybernacula by fastening grains of corn to the sides of the wall.
This had occurred in a room where a bulk of corn had been
recently removed and the walls had not been kept clean.
Mr. Spence added some observations on the interest thus
shown in the insects modifying their habits under certain, in this
case unknown, circumstances.
Mr. Waterhouse alluded to the hybernation, in the larva state,
of Cossus, and Mr. Doubleday to that of the Tenthredinide and
many Tortricide and Tineide under similar circumstances.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. vil
5th April, 1847.
W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
Donations,
Transactions of the Zoological Society of London. Vol. ii.
part 4.
Proceedings of the same Society. July to November, 1846,
and index. Presented by that Society.
Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society. Vol. vii. part 2.
Presented by that Society.
The Agricultural Magazine for March, 1847. By the Editor.
A Treatise on the Potatoe Disease. By J. Parking. Presented
by the Author.
Mr. Westwood called the attention of the Society to the last
mentioned work, in which Mr. Smee’s views were repudiated ;
and at the same time took occasion to allude to the fallacious
opinions that the potatoe disease was attributable to insects, which
had so extensively gained ground even among well informed
persons, mentioning as an instance thereof that no fewer than four
of the bishops who had preached on the recent fast-day had
alluded to insects as its cause. He likewise referred to the
equally fallacious proposal to destroy insects injurious to vege-
tables in vast numbers, by means of galvanized wires drawn over
the fields or plants infected with the insects, which was founded
on the plan of deterring slugs from attacking plants by galvanic
rings. Messrs. Stephens and Ingpen also mentioned other in-
stances of the disease of the potatoe having been attributed to
insects, and Mr. Spence alluded to the necessity which was thus
clearly proved to exist for making the study of natural history,
and especially of Entomology, a branch of education.
A note was read by F. Walker, Esq., with prospectuses of his
proposed work on the Aphides, and stating that the Aphis vastator
of Smee was a distinct species.
Mr. F. Bond exhibited a specimen of Graphiphora tristigma,
taken at Darenth at the end of June last; also a species of
Noctuide, new to Britain, taken at Yaxley Fen at the end of
July.
Mr. Ingpen exhibited some cocoons apparently of a Tinea or
Yponomeuta, which had been found under boards lying upon sand,
and which were externally covered with grains of sand.
b 2
vill PROCEEDINGS OF THE
Mr. Westwood exhibited a new species of the singular dipterous
genus Achias from Java, belonging to the collection of the East
India Company.
Mr. W. W. Saunders exhibited a bottle of capsicum, portion
of a large quantity received by the East India Company from
Bombay, which was found to be greatly infested by Lasioderma
testaceum, Steph., a small heetle belonging to the family Piimde,
which is also stated by Mr. Westwood occasionally to infest
Schumach, which it deteriorates to a great extent (Introduction to
Modern Class. of Insects, vol. i. p. 272). Cayenne pepper is
also stated by Messrs. Kirby and Spence to be subject to the
ravages of Anobium paniceum, Linn., (testaceum of Marsham,)
probably mistaken by them for the former insect, which it greatly
resembles.
Mr. Saunders also exhibited living specimens of two beautiful
species of Bruchus, feeding upon leguminous seeds received by
Dr. Royle from the Himalayas.
Mr. Westwood communicated a letter from Mr. Barnes of
Bicton Gardens, noticing various injuries produced by insects,
especially mentioning that some early sown beans had been found
to have the stems bored by an insect from the base to the level
of the surface of the ground. Specimens of the insects proved
to be Sttona lineata, which is well known to gnaw the edges of
the leaves of beans. Mr. Spence, therefore, doubted whether
this species was the real cause of the mischief, and stated that he
believed that the larvee of Sitone reside in galls at the roots of
beans, which a friend had observed to be infested with root-
galls at Holderness in Yorkshire, and, further, that when the
crops were reaped numbers of Sitone were found. Mr. Walton
stated that Otiorynchus tenebricosus is very injurious in gardens,
especially in Dorsetshire.
Descriptions of some new Australian Chrysomelide were read
by W. W. Saunders, Esq.; also
Description of a new Species of Pausside from Port Natal, by
J. O. Westwood, Esq.
Extracts from a letter received by Mr. Ingpen from Mr, C, A.
Wilson of South Adelaide, dated 9th September, 1846. He
considers that the smaller species found near Adelaide is Cerap-
terus MacLeaii.* Myr. Westwood’s figure in the Entomological
* [The figure referred to by Mr. Wilson represents Cerapterus piceus. C. Mac-
Leaii is distinguished by a redder colour, and by having the outer angles at the
up of the tibiz very acute. See Arcana Ent. ii. pl. 50, fig. 3 (C. piceus) and
4 (C, MacLeaii). The species, 8 lines long, is doubtless a new one.—J. O. W.]
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 1X
Society’s Transactions, Vol. II. Pl. X. fig. 7, is exactly like it in
shape and size, shown as usual by the right hand line; but the
species in all he had found was of a lighter hue, but this is not
enough he should think to allow it to be considered a different
species: it is more like Paussus ruber. Six specimens of this
insect have now been found, and all within the last four years, of
which he and the younger members of his family had found five.
The remaining one was in the possession of Mr. Hall. All were
found under dry cow-dung, and in the spring. All his specimens
having been taken in October except the last, the fifth, which he
had just discovered (20th June) below the North Adelaide Hills
under cow-dung as before, he was much surprised to discover
it at this time in the middle of the present winter, the severest
and wettest they had yet had. It was softer, and the elytra more
pliable than the others were, perhaps from the dampness of its
retreat or its late assumption of the imago state. All the species
of this family appear to be very small. He had not seen the
account of the others described by Mr. Westwood, but of those
figured in the Transactions, the Australian one seems to be the
largest. He had found there one other species of this singular
family, much more rare, as only two had been discovered; the
first by a friend about September last (1845), and the other
he discovered in the following month under decayed and damp
weeds on the ground, It is precisely of the same figure and
colour as the other species, but cannot be the same, unless it is of
a different sex, and the sexes, as in some other insects, are extrava-
gantly disproportionate. It is about 8 lines long, the other being
5 lines. If the other Pausside known are no bigger than those
in the Transactions this species must stand at the head of them
with regard to size, and might be named, if not before known,
Cerapterus major or maximus. The other specimen of this fine
insect he had lately purchased. Of the smaller kind he gave one
to Mr. Fortnum when he left the colony for England, who said
he should give it to Mr. Hope.
Extracts from a letter received by Mr. Spence from Mr,
Thwaites, stating that he had been informed by Mr. Broome,
M. E. S., that the trufle hunters in the neighbourhood of Salis-
bury assure him that the beetles which feed on the truffle (Lezodes,
sp.) emit a phosphorescent light like a glow-worm. Mr. Thwaites
had however suggested that the light was produced by a species
of Scolopendra, which always occurs where truffles abound. Mr.
Newport stated that the luminosity of the Scolopendra electrica
only occurs in the autumn during pairing time.
x PROCEEDINGS OF THE
Mr. Spence read some observations upon the popular notion
that cold winters are effective in destroying insects, the accuracy
of which he had long doubted. In the spring of 1814, when a
continued severe frost of nearly three months froze over the
Thames so as to allow an ox to be roasted on the ice, one of the
first things which he observed was a numerous collection of the
caterpillars of the gooseberry-moth (Abraxas grossulariata), under
the rim of a large flower-pot in his garden at Drypool near Hull,
which had been exposed out of doors to the full severity of the
cold, all perfectly alive and active, a fact which he thought worth
communicating to the Horticultural Society through a letter to
Sir Joseph Banks. ‘This opinion, as to the little injury done to
insects by mere cold, he perceived was also entertained by the
Rev. Leonard Jenyns, in his very valuable and interesting ‘‘ Ob-
servations in Natural History ;” that writer thinking it likely that
mild winters are generally more fatal to them, as being usually
attended by much rain, which finds its way into their most retired
hybernacula and drowns them in large numbers. Mr. Jenyns
concludes his remarks on this head by suggesting that “ it would
be worth inquiring whether collectors of insects find their harvest
in summer depending at all upon the character of the preceding
winter, or at least upon its having been wet or dry.”—p. 226. It
is to this suggestion that Mr. Spence begged to draw the attention
of the members, as the late severe winter afforded so good an
opportunity of testing the accuracy of the popular notion, and he
trusted that the members of the Society would observe when col-
lecting whether insects were less numerous next summer than
usual, and would communicate the result to the Society, one of the
most important objects of which is to collect and publish facts that
may refute or confirm prevalent opinions like that in question. In
a subsequent part of his work Mr. Jenyns remarks (p. 229—231)
that he never remembers such a dearth of insects, even of the
commonest species (except the cabbage butterfly), as in the
summer of 1845. It is well worth investigating, by reference to
meteorological tables, whether this dearth was owing to the wet or
cold of the preceding winter, or, as Mr. Jenyns seems inclined
to believe, to the wet, cold, and cloudy summer itself. Mr.
Stephens observed, in confirmation of these opinions, that he had
noticed that hard dry winters were generally followed by great
quantities of insects in the following season, Mr. Saunders also
stated that he had found the larva of a species of Noctua, feeding
unhurt and at large on Rumex acetosella, the day after the late
frost broke up. Mr. Ingpen had also found that of Arctia caja
*
‘
ee
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Xl
immediately after the frost. Messrs. Douglas and Weir alluded
to the abundance of Lepidopterous larve and the scarcity of
Hymenoptera during the past year. And Mr, Newport stated
that some insects which are maintained at an uniform high tempe-
rature do not undergo the changes at the usual time, as he had
observed that larvee of Anthophora retusa, when brought indoors
in October, did not undergo their transformations to pupee till
the following July, several months after the ordinary time of their
appearance.
3d May, 1847.
A. Ingpen, Esq., V.P., in the Chair.
Donations.
Annales des Sciences Physiques de la Soc. Roy. de Lyons.
Tom. 8. Presented by that Society.
Entomologische Zeitung of the Entomol. Verein of Stettin.
Vol. 7, for 1846. By that Society.
The London Geological Journal, No. 2, by E. Charlesworth,
Esq., the Editor.
An Essay on the Wheat Fly of North America by Dr. Asa
Fitch. By the Author.
Agricultural Magazine for April, 1847. By the Editor.
Annals of the Lyceum of Nat. Hist. of New York. Vol. 4,
Nos. 6 and 7. By Major Leconte.
Notice of James Crowther, a humble Botanist and Entomolo-
gist, from Chambers’s Journal. By W. Spence, Esq.
Description of Broscosoma, a new Genus of Carabide, by M.
Putzeys of Brussels, 8vo., 1846. By the Author.
A set of Engravings illustrative of the Cultivation and Pre-
paration of Silk by the Chinese. By the Rev. F. W. Hope.
Specimen of a gum-like substance found in Ant’s nests in
Poland. By Miss Loudon.
C. D. E. Fortnum, Esq., was ballotted for and elected an
Ordinary Member of the Society, and M. Gray of St. Peters-
burgh was elected a Corresponding Member.
Exursitions, Memotrs, &c.
Mr. F. Bond stated that he had captured a very fine specimen
of Vanessa Antiopa at Kingsbury on the 10th April, hovering
over nettles.
Mr. Douglas exhibited specimens illustrating the natural history
X11 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
of Taleporia cembrella and Incurvaria masculella. ‘The pupa
case of the former had been found on a wooden fence at Penge,
and the moth appeared in April.
Mr. F. Smith exhibited a drone and queen of the hive bee,
which had been captured in copula on the ground about two yards
in front of the hive by a friend. The female was very pale in
colour, evidently from having only recently arrived at the perfect
state, and the abdomen was not larger than that of an ordinary
worker, in consequence of the ova not having been yet developed.
Mr. Newport stated that he had found a drone near a hive
wanting the male organs, which had doubtless resulted from an
act of copulation with a queen, and Huber had noticed the same
fact.
Mr. Edward Doubleday communicated the discovery which he
had recently made in a species of Syntomide, allied to Glaucopis,
but with transparent wings (Lemocharis ?) of a structure analo-
gous to the drum of the Cicade, which he did not think had as
yet been noticed in any Lepidopterous insect.
Mr. Spence communicated some extracts and observations on
the honey bees in Brazil, and on an insect which is injurious to
the cotton crops in North America; his chief object in so doing
being to recommend to the members in like manner to note and
bring before the Society any new fact relating to insects met with in
the course of their reading and which may lead to interesting and
useful discussion, at the same time that the information stumbled on
by one member becomes available to all, and that hints for future
important inquiries may be thus suggested. Mr. Gardner, F.L.S.,
Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden in Ceylon, in his inte-
resting Travels in Brazil lately published, after stating that on a
part of their route from Parnagua to Natividade he was presented
at almost every house where he stopped with honey, the produce
of one of the smaller bees, mostly of Illiger’s genus Melipone, so
numerous in this part of Brazil, proceeds to give a list of their
native names, with a few observations, as follows :—1. Jataky. This
is a very minute yellowish coloured species, being scarcely two
lines long. The honey, which is excellent, very much resembles
that of the common hive-bee of Europe. 2. Mulher branco.
About the same size as the Jataky, but of a whitish colour; the
honey is likewise good, but a little acid. 3. Tubi. A little black
bee, smaller than a common house-fly ; the honey is good, but has
a peculiar and bitter flavour. 4. Manoel d’ Abreu. About the size
of the Tubi, but of a yellowish colour; its honey is good. 5.
Atakira. Black, and nearly of the same size of the Tub?, the
ae
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. X11
principal distinction between them consisting in the kind of
entrance to their hives; the 7'ub? makes it of wax, the Alakira of
clay ; its honey is very good. 6. Oariti, Of a blackish colour,
and about the same size as the Tub? ; its honey is rather sour and
not good. 7. Tatatra. About the size of the Tub?, but with a
yellow body and a black head; its honey is excellent. 8. Mum-
buco. Black, and larger than the Twubi; the honey after being
kept about an hour becomes as sour as lemon juice. 9. Bejut.
Very like the Jub but smaller; its honey is excellent. 10.
Tiuba. Of the size of a large house-fly, and of a greyish black
colour; its honey is excellent. 11. Bord. About the size of a
house-fly, and of a yellowish colour; its honey is acid. 12.
Urusst. About the size of a large humble-bee; the head is black
and the body yellowish; it produces good honey. 13. Urusst
preto. Entirely black, and upwards of one inch in length; it like-
wise produces good honey. 14. Canidra. Black, and about the
same size as the Uruss& preto; its honey is too bitter to be eat-
able; it is said to be a great thief of the honey of other bees.
15. Chupé. About the size of the Ziubdé, and of a black colour,
it makes its hive of clay on the branches of trees, and is often of
a very large size; its honey is good. 16. Urapud. Very like the
Chupé, but it always builds its hive rounder, flatter, and smaller.
17. Enchi. This is a kind of wasp, about the size of a house-fly ;
its head is black and the body yellow; it builds its hive in the
branches of trees; this is of a papery tissue and about three feet
in circumference; its honey is good. 18. Enchd pequeno. Very
similar to the last, but it always makes a smaller hive; it also pro-
duces good honey. ‘ The first eleven of these honey-bees con-
struct their cells in the hollow trunks of trees, and the others
either in similar situations or beneath the ground; it is only the
three last kinds which sting, all the others being harmless, The
only attempt I ever saw to domesticate any of these bees was by
a Cornish miner in the gold district, who cut off those portions of
the trunks of the trees which contained the nests and hung them
up under the eaves of his house; they seemed to thrive very well,
but whenever the honey was wanted it was necessary to destroy
the bees. Both the Indians and the other inhabitants of the
country are very expert in tracing these insects to the trees in
which they hive; they generally mix the honey, which is very
fluid, with farinha [flour ?] before they eat it, and of the wax they
make a coarse kind of taper about a yard long, which serves in
lieu of candles, and which the country people bring to the villages
for sale. We found these very convenient, and always carried a
VOL, Vs ¢
XIV PROCEEDINGS OF THE
sufficient stock with us; not unfrequently we were obliged to
manufacture them ourselves from the wax obtained by my own
men: a coarse soft kind of cotton yarn for wicks was always to
be purchased at the different fazendas and villages through which
we passed.” —p. 329. In connexion with this subject one or two
suggestions present themselves; one, that probably the larger and
wasp-like bees described towards the end, though storing up honey,
do not belong to the genus Melipone, Uliger; and another, that it
would be a valuable contribution to Entomology, if some member
of the Society, taking Mr. Gardner’s paper as the groundwork,
would draw up from other sources a more complete enumeration
of the honey-storing bees of Brazil, distinguishing as far as
possible their proper genera and species, and giving such facts as
are known regarding their habits. As another instance of the
kind of communication above referred to, Mr. Spence further
mentioned that it had been lately stated in the American papers
that the cotton plantations have been attacked by an insect which
threatens materially to affect the produce of the crop. Now it is
obviously highly desirable that it should be known in this country,
which is so intimately connected with the cotton-growing states
of the union, what this insect is. Very probably Mr. Doubleday
could inform us, and in that case members like himself, ignorant
of this fact, would by the merely bringing this newspaper report
before the Society acquire an addition to their stock of knowledge ;
and if it should turn out that no one here knows to what order and
genus the insect alluded to belongs, it may be worth consideration
whether our Society should not correspond with some American
one in order to obtain the desired information.
A notice was read from W. W. Saunders, Esq., (unaccompanied
however by sufficient details,) relative to the sudden appearance of
great numbers of small caterpillars on pear and other trees during
the prevalence of a gloomy black fog at Upper Clapton. Mr.
Westwood stated that in Normandy the peasants entertain the
vulgar opinion that the cold fog from the north-east (which they
term the “ vent roux”) bears the eggs of young larva of Ypono-
meuta cognatella, which does so much injury to apple trees.
Mr. Weir mentioned, with reference to the effect of weather on
the appearance of insects, that there were but very few Lepidop-
terous larvee during the present season.
Mr. Douglas and Col, Hearsey made some observations cor-
roborative of the editorial remarks appended to the Biographical
notice of James Crowther, relative to the advantage to be derived
from making natural history a branch of popular education.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XV
7th June, 1847.
W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
DonATIONS.
A very highly magnified engraved figure of the proboscis of
Musca vomitoria. Presented by Mr. Topping.
Specimens of the Cochineal insect from Madeira. By Mr.
Westwood.
The Agricultural Gazette for May. By the Editor.
Specimens of Lophyrus Pini, with a drawing of the caterpillar,
several of which were captured on the Harold Hills near Everton,
Notts, at the middle of July, 1846, creeping up the trunks of
some fir trees, upon the leaves of which they feed voraciously,
having a strong resinous smell. They formed cocoons on the
21st and 22nd of July, and the insects appeared at the end of
May, 1847. The caterpillar nearly resembles Hartig’s figure of
the larva of Z. Pini, given in his Tab. IV. fig. 1. Presented by
Mr. Evans.
Robert Davis, Esq., of Pimlico, was balloted for and elected a
Member of the Society.
Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.
Mr, 8. Stevens exhibited a beautiful specimen of Deilephila
celerio, captured at Leicester; and also of the larva, pupa and
imago of Mamestra nigricans, found on the banks of the Thames
below Gravesend.
Captain Parry exhibited a box of Coleoptera from the west coast
of tropical Africa, containing both sexes of Taurhina nireus and
many other rare species.
Mr. Westwood exhibited a number of very interesting Coleoptera
from Ceylon, being part of the collection of R. Templeton, Esq.,
including a new species of T'rictenotoma, &c. &c. He also ex-
hibited from Colonel Hearsey’s Collection many new and interest-
ing Indian insects, including a new species of Saturnia, Parnassius
Jacquemontii ? &e. &e.
Mr. Westwood also exhibited some potatoe plants, the under-
ground stem of which was attacked by the prevalent disease,
from his own garden at Hammersmith, none of which were in-
fested with Aphides ; the original set being entire and quite sound
as well as the leaves, which would of course be the parts first
attacked were the disease produced by the attacks of Aphides.
XVI PROCEEDINGS OF THE
He also exhibited some specimens of a minute species of Podu-
ride, remarkable for not possessing the power of leaping. Like-
wise specimens of apple bloom destroyed by the larva of the
apple weevil Balaninus pomorum, the pupa of which still remained
within the dead bloom.
Also specimens illustrative of the natural history of a minute
species of Cecidomyia, which burrows into the twigs of willows,
destroying them for practical purposes. Also specimens of a
minute parasitic Platygaster by which they are attacked, and a
drawing by Mr. Ingpen of the singular scales with which their limbs
are entirely covered; by whom also it was stated that the willows
are occasionally attacked by a species of Cecidomyia which produces
large woody galls: and that the original potatoes imported from
Peru had been found to be as liable to the prevailing disease as
the common sorts.
Mr. Westwood also exhibited living specimens of the larva and
pupa of the rare Ctenophora atrata, accompanied by the reading
of a letter from Mr. Weaver, by whom they had been discovered
at Kinlock Rannock, in Perthshire, and by whom also several
specimens of Lamia edilis had been captured.
A description of Cheirotonus Parrii by J. E. Gray, Esq., was
read.
Mr. Spence communicated some observations on Chelura
terebrans, a small crustaceous animal which attacks the wood of
submarine erections, as described in the last number of the Annals
of Natural History, and suggested whether it may not be a dis-
tinct species; likewise on some particulars stated by Sir J. Rennie.
He also communicated an extract from the London Medical
Gazette, No. 108, N. S., p. 904, in which it was stated by Mr. E.
Stanley, M.R.C.V.S., that the larva of Helophilus pendulus had
been found lying upon the spinal sheath of a cart horse, which
appeared to have injured its spine, attended with partial paralysis
and occasionally with acute pain; subsequent to which the horse
had been seized with violent trembling of the limbs, profuse
perspiration, and other acute symptoms, which had produced its
death, when the spinal sheath was found to be inflamed with ex-
travasation of blood about the lumbar and posterior portion of the
dorsal region from twelve to eighteen inches in length, accom-
panied by one of the above mentioned larve.
Colonel Hearsey stated that he had heard of insects having
been taken from the spinal marrow of horses in India by Mr.
Morecraft, and which had previously produced paralysis in the
hind limbs,
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XVil
5th July, 1847.
W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
DoNnaATIONS.
The Agricultural Magazine for May. Presented by the Editor.
The London Geological Journal, No. ii. By Edw. Charles-
worth, Esq., the Editor thereof.
Specimen Anatomico-physiologicum de Systemate Uropoietico,
auctore G. Ph. Groshans. Lugd, Batav. 1847. By the
Editor.
John Charles Bowring, Esq., of Hong Kong, and
Lewis B. Bowring, Esq., of Bancoorah, near Burdwar, in
Bengal, were elected Corresponding Members of the Society.
Exursitions, Memoirs, &c.
Mr. White, on behalf of Mr. Foxcroft, exhibited specimens of
Argyrolepia eneana, recently captured at Wormwood Scrubs in
considerable numbers, the habitat of which had been subsequently
destroyed by a dealer in order to enhance the value of his
specimens.
Mr. EF. Bond exhibited specimens of Psyche fusca in its different
states.
Mr. Westwood exhibited a specimen of A geria apiformis
recently disclosed from the chrysalis, the wings of which were
considerably imbricated with fine black scales. It had been
reared with others in an abele tree in Oxfordshire. Mr. Douglas
stated that this fact had been noticed in the Entomological Maga-
zine by Mr. Henry Doubleday.
Mr. Westwood also exhibited specimens of Helophorus fennicus,
which had been observed eating off the leaves of young turnips
during the night, but only in certain parts of a field where different
kinds of manures (spread in rows) crossed each other. (See
Gardeners’ Chronicle, 1847, p. 442.) So strictly had they pre-
served this peculiarity that they ate across more than 100 rows,
and stopped at the very row where the manures were changed.
Messrs. Spence and Stephens stated that these insects generally
feed on water plants: Mr. Waterhouse had generally found them
on land, rarely in water; Mr. Edward Doubleday had found
H, tuberculatus feeding on decayed turnips; Dr. Schaum had
VOL. V. d
Xvill PROCEEDINGS OF THE
found it eating decayed fish, and Mr. Ingpen had taken it both on
the sea shore and inland.
Mr. Westwood exhibited specimens and drawings of a minute
but very remarkable Hymenopterous parasite belonging to the
family Chalcidide, reared by the late M. Victor Audouin in the
nests of mason bees, near Paris, in which the antennz of the
males are singularly distorted, and the wings almost rudimental ;
thus offering a strikingly opposite analogy to other bee parasites,
such as Stylops, Meloe, and Sitaris. Myr. Westwood proposed for
this insect the name of Melittobia Audouini.
A paper by Mr. F. Smith on the habits of Zrypoaylon and
various other fossorial Hymenoptera was read. He also exhibited
various rare British Coleoptera recently captured.
Professor van der Hoeven (who was present as a visitor) ex-
hibited the larva of an @strus, which had been extracted from
the body of a female patient. Professor Essmark stated that an
analogous case had been communicated to the meeting of Natu-
ralists in Christiania in 1845; and Mr. Edward Doubleday gave
some particulars of two cases which had happened to himself
whilst in North America. He had heard of several similar cases,
amongst which was a child which had had three taken from its
neck. Mr. Newport remarked on the case which he had described
in the ‘Transactions with reference to the question as to there
being a distinct Gistrus hominis.
Mr. Westwood exhibited specimens of Phytocoris pabulinus, a
Cimicideous insect, which had been sent to him by various corre-
spondents as the real cause of the potatoe disease. He had him-
self also observed it, as well as another closely allied species, on
potatoes at Hammersmith, but in such small numbers as to be
incapable of doing any material mischief to the plant. He also
read an extract from the Bristol Journal, in which an article had
appeared by Mr. Biggs, who described the disease as produced
by the attacks of insects, which, from the description, appeared to
be identical with Phytocoris pabulinus.* The operations of Aphides
on the hop had been cited by this and other writers as a proof of
the destructive powers of these insects; but even in the worst
cases the vitality of the hop plant was never destroyed as in the
potatoe. He also stated, on the authority of Mr. J. E. Gray,
that three distinct species of Aphis had been obtained from Mr.
Topping, the referee of Mr. A. Smee, as the real Aphis vastator
of the latter. Mr. E. Doubleday confirmed this statement, and
* P.S. The insect proves to be a species of Podura.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XIX
observed that 4phides could with difficulty be found upon the
potatoes in Essex. Four different species of insects had been
brought to him as the cause of the disease ; namely, the turnip-flea
beetle, the larva of Coccinella, a species of Meligethes, and another
insect which was too much injured for identification. He had
also observed that two plum-trees, which had last year been de-
foliated by Aphides, had this year produced an abundant crop.
He also stated that in the “ Illustrated London News” of the pre-
ceding week an apple leaf, evidently partly eaten by the larvee of
Yponomeuta padella, had been figured as an illustration of the
attacks of Aphides.
Professor Milne Edwards, who was present, stated that the
assertion of Mr. Smee wanted novelty. It had been at first
entertained in France, but the error of such a notion was now ac-
knowledged.
Mr. Hobbs exhibited some potatoe plants on which he had ex-
perimented, and stated that by enclosing one within a gauze cover,
together with a number of the Phytocoris, they had destroyed it,
whilst another plant, treated in the same manner, but powdered
with lime, had escaped their attacks and had grown considerably.
Mr. Waterhouse stated that this insect was very common upon
different plants, and that they could not therefore be considered
as the cause of a disease confined to the potatoe. Mr. Doubleday
also remarked, that before the assertion that this Phytocoris is the
cause of the disease could be admitted, it must be shown that the
insect has occurred in great profusion throughout all the parts of
the world where the disease has appeared. Mr. Spence stated
that the supporters of the insectal theory of the disease had failed
to show that these insects ever produced gangrene on the plants,
and Mr. J. F'. Stephens mentioned that Mr. Smee’s knowledge of
the Aphis vastator was not earlier than last year, when he brought
two specimens to Mr. Stephens in order to obtain their names.
Mr. Spence read a note from Mr. Gulliver, communicating some
observations made by Dr. Davy on the attacks of a species of
Coccus upon the sugar canes in the West Indies. Specimens of
the insect, together with one of Delphax saccharivora, Westw.,
were exhibited. Professor Milne Edwards observed, that hot
water had been found to be a valuable remedy against the insects
which attack the vine, by destroying the eggs and larve; he was
doubtful, however, whether it might not be injurious if applied to
the sugar cane.
d2
XX PROCEEDINGS OF THE
2nd August, 1847.
W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
Donations.
The Agricultural Magazine for June. Presented by the Editor.
Monograph of the Species of Pasimachus inhabiting the United
States, by Major Le Conte, in two parts. Presented by the
Author.
Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. Vol vin.
parti. By that Society.
Exursitions, Memoirs, &c.
Mr. F. Bond exhibited specimens of Leucania Helmanni, Badv.,
and of Nonagria neurica, Hibn., both new to this country, from
Yaxley Fen, taken by means of sugar daubed on trees: also
specimens of Graphiphora subrosea, bred from the caterpillar.
Messrs. J. F. Stephens and Ingall exhibited specimens of
Lachnus querctts, a singular Aphideous insect, new to thi; country,
found in crevices of bark of oak-trees near Dulwich, thrusting its
long proboscis nearly up to the base into the wood of the tree, so
that it cannot be withdrawn without great difficulty and fear of
injuring the insects, in which case the ants immediately rush to
suck up the fluids discharged by the Lachnus.
Mr. Douglas exhibited a new species of Cochylis, also Spilonota
feenella, Pseudotomia artemisie, Pterophorus calodactylus, &c.,
from Charlton sand pit.
Mr. Westwood exhibited a new species of Charazes from India,
unique in the collection of Captain Boys, allied to Ch. Eudamippus.
Mr. Wing exhibited a specimen of the larva of Gortyna flavago,
found burrowing into the stems of potatoes.
Mr. Spence communicated a paragraph from a local newspaper
describing the destruction of the foliage of the oaks near Hud-
dersfield by the larva of Tortrix viridana, therein described as the
Aphis quercés ; affording another instance of the want of a know-
ledge of the commonest facts in Zoology among persons whose
position in society required their cognizance of such matters, and
the consequent necessity of making Zoology a branch of popular
education.
Mr. Edward Doubleday complained of a personal misrepre-
sentation which had been made of some of his observations at the
last meeting of the Society, concerning the potatoe disease, in the
“ Tlustrated London News.”
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Xxl
Mr. Wing exhibited specimens of a species of Yponomeuta,
which feeds on apple trees, long confounded with Y. padella, but
which, being distinct, especially in the caterpillar state, it was
proposed to name Y. malivorella.
Messrs. Westwood and Ingpen exhibited specimens of Aphis
Fabe, which had swarmed to an astonishing extent in various
parts of the west of England from the 14th to the 21st July; Mr,
Westwood reading extracts from various communications which he
had received on the subject, by which it appeared that their flights
were accompanied in some places by a heavy and highly electrical
state of the atmosphere ; and that although they had attacked a
great variety of plants, none of them had been found upon the
potatoe. Mr. Westwood also read some notes on the state of the
atmosphere from the 4th to the 17th July, whence he was led to
consider that it was owing to the sudden increase of heat, to not
less than eighteen degrees above the usual average at that time,
that the Aphides had prematurely acquired wings, whilst the elec-
trical state of the atmosphere had caused them to swarm to the
great extent which had been observed.
Messrs. Doubleday and Schaum made some remarks, doubting
whether the increased heat of the period had led to the develop-
ment of wings; and suggesting that the case in question was
rather an early production of the winged state of the species,
which did not ordinarily occur till the autumn; the former gen-
tleman observed that he had noticed winged Aphides as early as
May.
Mr. Ingpen stated, that each female specimen of Aphis vastator
produces ten young ones; and Col. Hearsey suggested how easily
these small families might be destroyed by hand in the early part
of the summer, thereby preventing the damage caused by the suc-
cessive generations,
Mr. Spence read an extract from the Gardeners’ Chronicle,
July 25, 1847, containing a notice by Mr. Williams, of Pitmaston,
on the recent swarms of the black Aphis of the bean, as well
as extracts from White’s Natural History of “elborne, and other
works ; whence he was led to remark on the want of our know-
ledge as to many of the facts concerning different species of
Aphides, the general statements which had been made respecting
them being inapplicable to each species. He thought it advisable
that a report should be drawn up detailing the positive facts
known respecting these insects.
Some Notes on the capture of Pausside@, at the Cape of Good
Hope, by H. Benson, Esq. ; and
XXII PROCEEDINGS OF THE
Descriptions of some new species of Charaxes, by J. O. West-
wood, were read; and a vote of thanks to the Rev. F. W. Hope
was passed, for his donation of the plates illustrating the latter
memoir.
Gth September, 1847.
W. Spence, Esq., President, F.R.S., in the Chair.
Donations.
Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, for
1846, parts 3 & 4; and 1847, part 1; also
Jubileum Semisecularem Doctoris Medicine et Philosophize
Gotthelf Fischer de Waldheim, &c.
Séance Extraordinaire de la Soc. Imp. d. Natural. de Moscou,
22d February, 1847. All presented by the Imperial Society of
Naturalists of Moscow.
Memoir on the Hessian Fly, from the Transactions of the New
York State Agricultural Society. Vol. 6. By Dr. Asa Fitch.
Memoir on the Winter Insects of New York. By the same.
Presented by the Author.
Journal of the Natural History Society of Boston. Vol. 5,
No. 3; and
Proceedings of the same Society. Nos. 10—14. Presented
by that Society.
Abhandlungen der Mathemat. Physikal. Classe der Konigl.
Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Viert. Band. 3 Abth.
Bulletin of the same Society for 1846, 1—77 ;
Almanach of the same Society for 1847 ;
Die Ueberbleibsel der Altaegypschen Menschenrace. All pre-
sented by the Royal Academy of Bavaria.
Specimen of the leather-like material formed by insects over
Indian maize, when laid up in store in Mexico. Presented by
W.F. Evans, Esq. The insect was stated by Percy Doyle, Esq.
by whom the production in question was brought to this country,
to be about the size of an ant, and black. The coating is at first
very thin, but it is spun over by degrees till it becomes of the
thickness of stout leather. Some of the insects ate their way out
of a mahogany box in which they were placed.
Col. J. B. Hearsey, and Dr. H. Schaum, Secretary of the En-
tomological Society of Stettin, were ballotted for, and elected
ordinary members of the Society.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXiil
Exursitions, Memorrs, &c.
Mr. Edward Doubleday exhibited some singular galls from
China, of which a cargo had been recently imported as an article
of commerce, each of which was about the size of a small egg, and
hollow, and contained a great number of very minute wingless
Homopterous insects.
Mr. Evans exhibited a variety of insects from Hong Kong.
Mr. 8. Stevens exhibited a number of specimens of Catocala
sponsa and promissa, taken by sugar this summer in the New
Forest; also Pamphila Acteon, from the burning cliff, Weymouth ;
Margaritia asinalis ; Spilonota amcenena (a new species); Car-
pocapsa pupillana, &c. from the Isle of Portland and the Chisel
bank ; Masoreus luxatus, and other Coleoptera; also Acidaha pal-
lidaria, Catoptria citrina, and a species of Pancalia, (three Lepi-
doptera new to this country,) taken at Southend; also the following
rare Coleoptera from the latter locality, Dolichosoma linearis, Ectinus
aterrimus, Aphanistichus pusillus, Thyamis 4-pustulata, &c.; also
a Gynandromorphous specimen of Colias Edusa, and a specimen
of Xylophasia Polyodon, found impaled on a thorn.
Mr. A. White called the attention of the meeting to the re-
markable locust Petasida Ephippigera, described by him in Eyre’s
Journal of Discovery in Central Australia (vol. i. p. 432, t. 4, f. 1),
which was also figured in Dr. Leichardt’s recently published Journal
in Australia. He also corrected the synonymy of Saperda villosa
from New Zealand, which had been figured in the Fauna of New
Zealand, published in the Zoology of the Voyage of H.M. ships
Erebus and Terror, under the name of Hemona humilis. He also
exhibited some other insects from New Zealand, collected by Mr.
Colenso, two or three of which were not contained in the work
above mentioned. He also stated that the Hymenoptera, Diptera
and Hemiptera were very European in their appearance. He
also made some observations on the habits and history of spiders,
especially Actinopus edificatorius and Cteniza nidulans, one of the
nests of which, brought from Jamaica by Mr, Gosse, exhibited the
additional trap-door.
Mr. Ingall exhibited a twig of poplar covered by the swollen
skins of Ichneumonized Aphides, together with specimens of the
parasites.
Mr. Spence exhibited a new species of Nemoptera from New
Holland, for which he proposed the name N. Huttii, in compli-
ment to Governor Hutt, from whom it had been received; likewise
specimens of the larvee of Agrotus segetum, which had proved very
destructive this year to the turnip crops.
XXIV PROCEEDINGS OF THE
Mr. Ingpen exhibited a locust taken in Hyde Park, and a spe-
cimen of Papilio machaon, reared from a dark-striped Chrysalis ;
Mr. Marshall observed that the sexes of this butterfly differed in
the colour of the chrysalis.
A note was also read from John Hogg, Esq. F.L.S., relative to
the capture of several living locusts at Scarborough, on the 21st
August, and the discovery of several others lying dead on the
coast, being probably part of a swarm of those insects driven upon
our coast from the Continent by the south-east wind which then
prevailed ; and Mr. Spence mentioned the occurrence of a great
swarm of locusts in Moldavia on the 25th August, brought by the
east wind from Bessarabia.
M. W. Thomson, jun., exhibited specimens of Porrectaria lari-
cella, a species new to Britain, captured in July in the neigh-
bourhood of Herne Hill, on fences; also specimens of Actinopus
edificatorius, recently received alive from Barbary, upon which he
had instituted various experiments with reference to the construc-
tion of the valves, and the long duration of the insects deprived of
food.
A Letter on the Habits of Aphides, by ¥. Walker, Esq. addressed
to Mr. Spence, was read ; also
A Translation from Ratzeburg’s Forstinsecten, vol. ii., on the
Economy of the Aphide, communicated by Dr. Schaum; and
A Note by Mr. Alfred Smee, on a new locality for Lachnus
quercis, namely, on the first oak-tree in the lane leading from the
Chingford and Waltham road to High Beech, on the right hand
side of the way leading to High Beech.
Col. Hearsey noticed that some Indian species of plants reared
by him in frames in England, from Indian seeds, were as much
infested with Aphides as indigenous plants.
A Monograph on the British species of the Neuropterous genus
Chrysopa, by Mr. W. F. Evans, was also read, accompanied by
two plates, presented by the author.
Some notes were read by Mr. Westwood on the atmospherical
peculiarities observed during the occurrence of the swarms of
Coccinellide on the 12th and 15th August last, and on a swarm
of Harpalide, observed on the evening of the 12th, near Dover,
whence it appeared that the barometer bad undergone a gradual
rise from the 6th till the 14th of that month; and that on the
11th and 12th the thermometer suddenly rose nearly 15 degrees,
the 12th being very sultry.
Mr. Westwood also exhibited the larva of Drilus flavescens ;
the flower of a pelargonium cut by a Megachile; also three
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXV
Hymenopterous parasites, belonging to the genera Pteromalus and
Megaspilus, found hovering over wheat infested by the larvee of
the Wheat Midge; also a singular species of Saturnia from Cen-
tral America, remarkable for the very large size of the talc-like
spots of its wings, from the Collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope.
A Note upon Flights of Aphides, addressed to W. Spence, Esq.
by G. H. K. Thwaites, Esq. dated Bristol, August 14, 1847, was
read as follows:
“ The Aphides did not visit our garden, but were rather nu-
merous in some gardens very near to us, where they appeared to
do little harm, and soon died, as I am informed. From the
migrations being synchronous, or nearly so, in every part of the
country, there seems reason to believe that it is an instinctive
movement on the part of the insect, quite independent of atmo-
spheric conditions, or failure of the supply of food, and that it
probably takes place every year, but the swams are not suffi-
ciently large to attract observation. ‘The Rev. W. Clifford, the
clergyman of our parish, told me several months ago that he was
standing with Mrs. Clifford at the garden door, and noticed a
peculiar kind of cloud approaching, which struck him as so re-
markable, that he said to her, ‘ I think we had better go in and
shut the doors and windows, for I think that cloud is a blight in
the air.’ He did so, and after the cloud had passed over, he
found the plants in the garden covered with amazing numbers of
‘ blight’ (4phides), which, I think, he told me were green.” *
Mr. Douglas exhibited a specimen of Graphiphora depuncta,
captured by Mr. Hodgkinson of Carlisle, and stated that Pola
lichenia, a species new to this country, had been captured in the
New Forest by Mrs. Vines.
* Tn a subsequent communication, dated September 20, 1847, Mr. Thwaites
inclosed a note from the Rev. Mr. Wayne, rector of Much Wenlock, Shropshire,
to whom he had written on the subject, from which the following is an extract.
“The black Aphis arrived in this neighbourhood about six weeks since as I
guess, that is, about the middle of July, settling chiefly on the asparagus, French
bean, turnip, onion, and (if it were the same) on the common broad bean, to its
total destruction—at least of the flower and pod. The common groundsel also
was covered, They came suddenly and died suddenly, remaining attached to the
plants as if alive. You ask, ‘ Were they seen approaching and whence?’ On
this point one of my neighbours told me, that standing by his house one or two
evenings just towards sun-set, he saw the Aphides coming like a swarm of locusts
from the west, and ‘ knitling’t on all the plants of the garden, He described the
western sky as full of them,”
[+ Query, nitting, i.e. ovipositing. ]
VOL. V. (=)
XXVI PROCEEDINGS OF THE
4th October, 1847.
W. Yarrell, Esq. F.Z.S. &c., Vice-President, in the Chair.
Donations.
Dei Vantaggi che l’Agricoltura puo recevare dallo Studio dell’
Entomologia. Presented by Signor C. Passerini, Hon. M.E.S.,
the author thereof.
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Nos. 167—177;
Report and Lists of the Members of the same Society for 1847.
Presented by that Society.
Report of the Dublin University Museum. Presented by the
Committee,
A portrait of the Dipterologist, J. W. Meigen. Presented by
M. Foerster, of Aix-la-Chapelle.
A specimen of Sirea gigas ¢, takenat Dorking. Presented by
Mr. Moore, jun,
Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.
Mr. Samuel Stevens exhibited a living specimen of Locusta mi-
gratoria, captured at Hammersmith.
Mr. Courtney exhibited a box of British Lepidoptera, including
several rare species.
Mr. Bedell exhibited a box containing a very extensive series
of Microlepidoptera, including two new species, Microsetia trian-
gulella, found on trunks of oaks at West Wyckham Wood, in
June, 1847, and Microsetia mandella.
Mr. Westwood exhibited specimens of drawings of some new
exotic Cetoniide, from the collections of Colonel Hearsey, Cap-
tain Boys, and Mr. Benson; also some Lepidoptera, from Cape
Palmas, including a new species of Saturnia, and a new allied
genus.
Mr. F. Bond exhibited two specimens of Locusta migratoria,
taken at Duxford, and near York, in August and September ; also
a specimen of Buprestis (Ancylocheira) mauritanica, Lucas, Voy.
d’Algerie, taken alive on an oak post, in Plaistow Marshes, on the
9th September last.
Mr. A. White read some extracts from notes on the habits of
exotic spiders, observed by Mr. Arthur Adams, intended for pub-
lication in the Appendix of Belcher’s Voyage.
Mr. Westwood read the description of Nemoptera Hutti, from
Western Australia.
“ Tt is very difficult to conceive what can be the object of the
singularly modified hind-wings in the genus Nemoptera, in some of
which they are extraordinarily elongated, and scarcely wider than
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXvil
a thread, whilst in others they are also elongated, but furnished
on each side with curious dilated membranes. In the great
French work on Egypt, Savigny has represented a species sitting
at rest, in which the hind wings are held upright over the back,
like the wings of a butterfly.
‘In Dr. Klug’s. monograph, the localities of the different
species are the South of Europe, the North, West, South and
Eastern parts of Africa, and the West of Asia. Colonel Hearsey
has, however, brought a species home from Central India, figured
in the ‘ Cabinet of Oriental Entomology,’ and we have now to
record a species from Western Australia.
“ Nemoptera Huttii. Spence’s MSS, (Plate VIII. fig. 1.)
“ N. supra nigra, subtus cum lateribus flava, nigro-varia; pe-
dibus flavis; alis anticis hyalinis, stigmate minimo fusco ;
posticis elongatis, fuscis, pone medium biextensis, incisionibus
obliquis, apice hyalino; antennis crassis, elongatis.
‘© Expansio alarum anticarum 13 unc. Affinis N. extense,
Oliv.; barbare, Fab.; et preesertim dilatate, Klug.
«“ Taken near a swamp on the road between Perth and Guild-
ford, in Western Australia, and communicated by Governor Hutt
to Wm. Spence, Esq. A second specimen has more recently been
obtained by the British Museum.
“ Obs.—The parts of the mouth are more exposed, and the
antennz much more incrassated than in N. Coa and its allies.”
lst November, 1847.
A. Ingpen, Esq. A.L.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.
Donations.
Nouveaux Mémoires de l’Académie Royale de Bruxelles. Vols.
19 and 20;
Annuaires de l’Académie for 1846 and 1847 ;
Bulletin de l’ Académie des Sciences de Belgique. Vol. 13, Nos.
1--12; Vol. 14, Nos. 1—6;
Mémoires des Savans Etrangéres. Vols. 20, 21, (3 parts). All
presented by the Royal Academy of Brussels.
Mantissa Secunda Curculionidum. Presented by M. C. J.
Schénherr, the Author thereof.
Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.
Mr. Ingall exhibited specimens of the female of Lachnus
querciis, remarkable for being destitute of the long rostrum of
the male, and also the eggs of the same insect.
XXVill PROCEEDINGS OF THE
Mr. Weir exhibited specimens of a minute species of ant (Myr-
mica domestica), which infested the house of Mr, Norton, in Half
Moon Street, Piccadilly, where they swarmed in thousands.
Colonel Hearsey exhibited a specimen of the mud-nest of a
species of Odynerus from India, which had been built in the angle
of a room, and provisioned with spiders.
Mr. Weaver exhibited some rare Lritish insects captured by
himself in Perthshire during the preceding summer, including
specimens of Libellula arctica, and of Pytho depressus ; the latter
being an insect stated by Mr. Waterhouse to be common in
Sweden, but new to this country, four specimens of which had
been taken under the bark of pine trees by Mr. Weaver, from
whom a letter was read relative to the capture of these and other
insects, which he had collected for sale.
A letter was read from Mr. Spence, describing the havoc com-
mitted by Anobium tessellatum, on a beam of oak supporting the
stone-work of the vestry window of Barham Church, Suffolk,
which was completely honey-combed with holes of the size of a
small quill formed by the larvee, and precisely resembled the
end of the beams of houses at Brussels destroyed by the same
insect, which he observed in 1836, (vide Trans. Ent. Soc. vol. ii.,
Proc. p. x.), and in some of which were dead specimens of the
perfect insect, which, from some cause, had not been able to make
their way out of the wood upon assuming the perfect state.
Mr. Ingpen exhibited the larva of a Lepidopterous insect, pro-
bably that of an Agrotis, which was at that time committing great
ravages amongst the carrots about Stratford, Essex.
A letter was read from Captain Hutton, descriptive of the mode
in which Actias Selene cuts its way through the cocoon, and on
the habits of its caterpillar; also on the habits of Chezrotonus
Macleaii; and ona singularity in the wings of the genus Luploea,
forming a sort of pocket.
Mr. Doubleday observed, that the pouch described by Captain
Hutton, could not be considered as a character of the genus
Euploea.
A letter was also read from Mr. Rutter, of Black Rock, Brigh-
ton, respecting the nests of Megachile, of which he forwarded
specimens.
A memoir, containing descriptions of numerous new species of
Cetonudee, with figures of three species, and dissections, by Dr.
Schaum, was read.
Longley, Esq., was ballotted for, and elected a Member
of the Society.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXIX
6th December, 1847.
W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
Donations.
The System of Nature. Presented by E. Newman, Esq., F'.L.S.,
the Author thereof.
Mr. W. Wing, of 44, Dorset Street, Portman Square, was elected
a Member of the Society.
Exursirions, Memorrs, &c.
Mr. J. W. G. Gutch exhibited collections of Coleoptera from
Poland and Servia.
The Rev. W. Kirby, Honorary President, sent for exhibition
specimens of the eggs of Penthaleus lapidarius, a mite found in
the crevices of stones on commons, and also a drawing of the
Penthaleus.
The President communicated a letter from the Rev. J. B. Mea-
dows, of Witnesham, near Ipswich, on the destruction of Green
Mazagan Beans by Bruchus granarius ; also on the effect of burnt
earth, as a manure, in preventing the attacks of Agrotis Segetum
on the Turnip crops.
Mr. Westwood said, that he had that evening observed the lumi-
nosity of one of the Scolopendride ; on which Mr. Newport stated,
that it was in the latter months of the year, at the period of copula-
tion, that this peculiarity is visible. Mr. Westwood also distributed
specimens of Rhizobius Helianthemi, an apterous species of the
family Aphide, infesting the tubers of the Jerusalem artichoke.
Mr. Edleston sent for exhibition some curiously coloured va-
rieties of Segetia Xanthographa, Orthosia instabilis, and Cosmia
trapetzina.
Mr. Thompson exhibited a very long thread-like animal, pos-
sibly an Entozoon.
Mr. Westwood read a paper on some new Australian species of
Mydaside.
The President read an extract from the Times newspaper on
the destruction of the cotton crops in the United States by some
unknown species of insect; whereupon a discussion ensued, in
which the importance of the subject was alluded to, especially in
regard to its influence on the prosperity of our cotton manufac-
tures, and the possibility of the insect being introduced into our
VOL. V. f
XXX PROCEEDINGS OF THE
East Indian territories with the seed of American cotton. It was
resolved to request Dr. Schaum, now in the United States, to
investigate the subject, with a view to the identification of the
insect, and the discovery of a remedy for its ravages.
3rd January, 1848.
W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
Donations.
Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society, Vol. 8, part 2. Pre-
sented by that Society.
Transactions of the Linnean Society, Vol. 20, part 2 ;
Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Parts 30--33 ;
List of Members of the Linnean Society for 1847. All pre-
sented by that Society.
Handbuch der Entomologie, Vol. 5 ;
Genera Insectorum, Part 10;
Memoir upon Athlophorus Klugit. All presented by Dr. Her-
mann Burmeister, the Author thereof.
Conspectus Crustaceorum, Part 1. Presented by —— Dana,
Esq., the Author thereof.
Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York,
Vol. 4, parts 8 and 9. Presented by Major Lecomte.
Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.
Mr. Westwood exhibited various larve inhabiting the Truffle,
including those of several Diptera, and also that of Leiodes cinna-
momea, of which he exhibited a drawing, with numerous anatomical
details.
Mr. F. Bond communicated a note from Mr. C. Thurnall, on a
flight of Ephemera (Palingenia) virgo, seen near Heidelberg, which,
from their numbers, had the appearance of a snow storm.
Mr. A. Ingpen exhibited a very minute Coccideous insect
covered with broad scales, probably the larva of a species of
Calypticus ; and also a highly magnified drawing thereof.
Capt. Parry read descriptions of several new species of Cole-
optera.
Mr. Westwood read descriptions of a number of new Exotic
Diptera, belonging to the family Acroceride.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXX1
7th February, 1848.
W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
Donations.
Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 2nd Series,
Vol. 4 and Vol. 5, parts 1—3. Presented by that Society.
Linnza Entomologica, Vol. 2 ;
Entomologische Zeitung, for 1847. Both presented by the
Entomological Society of Stettin.
Entomographie de la Russie, Vol. 4. Presented by Dr.
Fischer de Waldheim, the Author thereof.
The Athenzeum for November and December, 1847. Presented
by the Editor.
On the Study of Natural History as a Branch of Education.
Presented by R. Paterson, Esq., the Author thereof.
Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, publi¢es par la
Société Royale d’Agriculture et d’Histoire Naturelle de Lyon,
Vol. 9. Presented by that Society.
Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.
Mr. W. W. Saunders exhibited a series of Coleoptera from
Mexico, amongst which were some very beautiful and interesting
new species and generic forms. Mr. Westwood remarked, that it
would be very important to obtain correct information as to the
localities in which they had been collected, as so large a portion of
them differed both from those of the collection made in Mexico
by Mr. Coffin and those described by M. Chevrolat. Mr. Saun-
ders believed that they were chiefly from the higher regions, but
the person by whom the collection was made being dead he feared
it was not possible now to obtain the desired information. Mr.
E. Doubleday remarked, that the Lepidoptera in the collection
closely resembled those brought from the neighbourhood of Oajaca
by Mr. Hartweg, now in the British Museum.
Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a specimen of Nephopteryx angus-
tella, Zeller, a moth new to Britain, which had been taken near
Darenth Wood in September last.
Mr. A. H. Haliday read a paper in support of Dr. Erichson’s
conjecture, that the animal discovered by Mr. Hogg on the fresh
water sponge, and described by Mr. Westwood, provisionally,
under the name of Branchiotoma Spongille, may be the larva of
Hemerobius fuscatus, Fabr., for which Dr. Burmeister has insti-
tuted the genus Stsyra, After a summary of the details furnished
VOL. V. ¢g
XXXil PROCEEDINGS OF THE
by Mr. Westwood and Dr. Grube, and a notice of some points in
regard to which his observations, differing from these, showed a
yet closer agreement with the larva of the Hemerobii, the ana-
logy between the animal of the sponge and the winged Sisyra,
particularly as regards the alimentary canal and its appendages,
was contrasted with the modifications which these undergo in
Hemerobius during the course of its transformations. The analogies
in detail between the two sorts of larva chiefly relied on, were in
the number and position of the eyes, the structure and connec-
tion of the two pairs of jaws, the double outlets of the esophagus,
and the number and arrangement of the malpighian vessels. The
signal differences between this animal and the larva of Hemerobius,
and the analogy it bears to Sialis, in the presence of jointed
branchize, were considered in relation to its aquatic life and its
mode of nutrition. The frequency of the perfect insect about
the places where the animal of the Spongilla has been found, was
also adverted to in corroboration of their probable relation.
Some remarks were added upon another Neuropterous insect,
the Coniopteryx tineiformis of Curtis, maintaining the theory of
Messrs. Westwood and Wesmael, of its affinity to the Hemerobii,
against Dr. Burmeister, who has classed it with Psocus and Termes
amongst his Corrodentia, insects which pass through an incomplete
metamorphosis ; in which classification he has been followed by
Dr. Rambur.
This insect, which undergoes a metamorphosis very similar to
that of the Hemerobi, was shown also to agree with these in im-
portant characters of internal structure, although with such differ-
ences as may perhaps justify its being retained as the type of a
distinct family, the place of which cannot be far from the Heme-
robiv.
The paper was illustrated by numerous anatomical drawings,
and gave rise to a lengthened discussion.
6th March, 1848.
W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
Donations.
Proceedings of the Royal Society, parts 59—69. Presented
by that Society.
Five hundred copies of the President's Address at the Anni-
versary Meeting of the Society. Presented by the President for
distribution amongst the Members of the Society and their friends.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, XXXill
Exursirions, Mrmorrs, &c.
Mr. White exhibited a box of insects from Hong Kong, where
they had been collected by J. C. Bowring, Esq., corresponding
member of the Society. Mr. White pointed out some new species
amongst the Cicindelide, Carabide, Chalcidide, and other groups.
Mr. Doubleday called attention to a new species of Leptocircus,
and some other Lepidoptera either new or rare.
A letter from Mr. Bowring was subsequently read, containing
much information on the habits of some of the insects contained
in the box.
Mr. Westwood exhibited a box containing above forty speci-
mens of the Dipterous family Nemestrinide, belonging to nearly
thirty species, the greater portion of them are new and from New
South Wales. They were from his own collection and those of
Messrs. Saunders and Hope.
Mr. Evans exhibited the pupa case of a small male specimen
of Diaphonia frontalis, an Australian species of the Cetoniade.
This specimen, which was found in the rotten stump of a gum
tree, was from the collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope.
Mr. Saunders exhibited some interesting insects from Port
Philip, Australia,
A letter was read from Mr. H. E. Newman, stating that he had
captured a pair of the common wasp actually in coitu, and had
preserved the specimens in that condition, and would forward
them to the Society.
A letter was read from M. F. Sachse, 30, Trinity Square,
Borough, in which that gentlemen offered to become the medium
of communication between the Entomological Society of London
and Stettin, and between the members thereof individually.
Mr. J. W. Douglas read a “ Note on a remarkable variety of
Segetia Xanthographa.”
The President read an extract from a letter addressed to
G. H. K. Thwaites, Esq., by a gentleman resident in South
Australia, relative to an insect which had destroyed the potatoes
there. The writer says, “ the fly which destroyed the potatoe
crop was a small white tree bug, with transparent wings, not half
the size of the common house-fly. They ate up all the tops of
the potatoes, so that there was not a leaf to be seen, and of course
the roots were useless where they attacked them in the early
State.”
The President read an extract from a letter addressed by J. A.
Turner, Esq., of Manchester, to Dr. Royle, relative to the insect
g 2
XXXIV ' PROCEEDINGS OF THE
which had destroyed the cotton crop in India. Mr. E. Doubleday
remarked upon this communication that the moth, the larva of
which had so seriously injured the cotton crop in the United States
in 1846, was probably the Noctua Xylina of Say. It was allied
to the genus Ophiusa, but would not come under any European
type. In Louisiana and Mississippi it had destroyed one third
of the crop, yet he had never himself met with it in his journey
in the United States, nor seen it in any collection, neither did any
drawing of it exist in the vast collection of drawings of Georgian
insects made by Abbot, now in the library of the British Museum.
He was indebted to his learned friend Dr. Harris for specimens
of it and its larva, as also for many details on its habits which he
had not felt justified in publishing, as Dr. Harris was preparing a
treatise on the subject.
The President read an extract from the Halifax Times relative
to the insects which destroy the turnip crops in Nova Scotia.
This was particularly interesting, from indicating very clearly an
insect of an order of which no species was hitherto known to be
injurious to this crop. The writer says, ‘‘ the principal enemy to
turnips and cabbage of every kind, while in the seed leaf, is the
hopper or ground flea. It is a species of Podura, has no wings
of any kind, is nearly globular, of the size of 2 pin’s head or less;
and by the help of its forked tail it hops with great agility. They
are not plentiful on new land, but on all old cultivated ground
they are to be found on every square inch. They will not sit on
damp ground, for this reason the small stones, chips, or anything
that will quickly dry, should be raked from the top of the ridge
before the seed is sowed, and after sowing it should be rolled or
trampled hard, and a small quantity of salt sprinkled on it. The
best salt for this purpose is that which always keeps damp, owing
to a small quantity of muriate of lime which is mixed with it.
A thin layer of sea weed spread over the drills is a perfect security
against the hoppers, and a little straw or worthless hay from the
top of a stack will prevent them from doing much damage. In
some places in a cold spring turnips are attacked by a beetle as
large as a flea, with a spotted or striped shell, which can fly, but
as it usually travels by hopping, it does much less harm to the
covered plants than to those which are entirely exposed.”
The writer then alludes as follows to a Lepidopterous larva
allied to those called cut-worms* in Canada, Nova Scotia, and the
* The name cut-worm is applied to the larvz of various species of Agrotis, for
a detailed account of which see Harris’s Report, p. 321, et seq.— E. D.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCLETY OF LONDON. XXXV
United States. ‘“ The grey grub is a formidable enemy to all
kinds of turnips, but prefers the common turnip to the Swedish.
Except that they are smaller, they resemble the common grubs
that cut off our cabbage, Indian corn, &c., and like them are pro-
duced from the eggs of a grey moth or miller, that flies by night.
They are not eaten either by domestic fowls or robins, both of
whom. devour the common cut-worm or cabbage grub, but the
parent moths are fed to their young by the robins. A consider-
able proportion of these grubs can be destroyed by lime if applied
at the proper time. The turnips should be frequently examined
from the time the leaves are three inches long. The grubs will
be found at first under a web, like that of a spider, which generally
covers about a dozen, which are not then thicker than so many pins.
If the lime is applied immediately it will destroy most of them,
but if they are neglected for three or four days they will leave
the web and conceal themselves under dead leaves, chips, or small
stones by day, and devour the leaves by night, without being
checked in any degree by lime, tobacco water, or any other appli-
cation that we have tried. The lime should be slacked three or
four weeks before it is expected to be wanted, and kept dry; and
should be applied early in the morning while the leaves are
covered with dew. ‘Take about three pints of lime in an oznaburg
bag that will hold a gallon, and pass through the field shaking it
over the leaves ; the lime will fly through the bag like smoke, and
make the lower side of the leaves nearly as white as the top.
After this the turnips should still be watched, for the eggs are in
some seasons deposited upon the leaves a second and a third
time.”
Mr. Doubleday exhibited some larvee of one of the Tineide,
which had destroyed the corks of a stock of wine so as to render
it necessary to recork all the bottles.
Mr. Saunders remarked on some previous communications on
the same subject.
Mr. J. W. Douglas called the attention of the meeting to a
remark in a recent part of the Annales de la Société Entomo-
logique de la France, in which M. Guénée spoke of the name
occultana given by Mr. Douglas to a species of Pedisca, as a
manuscript name, whereas it was described by him in the “ Zoo-
logist” for 1846. He also stated that Mrs. Vines, a lady residing
in the New Forest, having last year reared a great many specimens
of Catocala sponsa and C. promissa, had observed that they all
emerged from the pupa between the hours of ten and twelve p.m.
XXXV1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
3rd April, 1848.
W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
Donations.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, parts 1 and 2
for 1845; parts 1 to 4 for 1846; and parts 1 and 2 for 1847.
rescued by that Society.
Annual Report of the Leeds Philosophical Society for 1846 and
1847. Presented by that Society.
Proceedings of the Berwickshire Natural Easton Club, pp.
197—260. Presented by that Club.
H. T. Stainton, Esq., of Mountsfield, Lewisham, was balloted
for and elected a member.
Exursitions, Memorrs, &c.
Mr. Douglas exhibited on behalf of Mr. Logan a new species
of Porrectaria, for which he proposed the name of fasciatopennella.
Mr. Weir exhibited a specimen of the winter abode of the
larvee of Porthesia.
Mr. E. Doubleday exhibited specimens of a remarkable new
genus of Geometride, collected by Mr. Dyson in Caraccas, at an
elevation of nearly 10,000 feet above the level of the sea.
A memoir by Mr. Dallas was read on the Hemipterous genus
Peecilochroma, White, in which some new species were described.
Mr. Douglas stated that on the preceding day he had seen a
specimen of Vanessa Antiopa at Penge.
The President called the attention of the meeting to an account
of a swarm of Notonecta glauca, extending over twenty-five or
thirty miles, observed in September, 1846, near the head waters
of the Mississippi by Sir G. Simpson, and recorded by him in his
Travels. This, he observed, was a remarkable fact, and he be-
lieved the first recorded observation of the migration in large
swarms of an aquatic insect.
The President also read an extract from the Times newspaper,
stating that during the prevalence of the cholera in Russia the
bees kept themselves closed up in their hives. This led to a dis-
cussion on the sensibility of insects to atmospheric changes.
The President read an extract from the Florist, No. 3, on the
winter quarters of the caterpillar which infests the rose bud;
from which it appears that they bore into the pith of the dead
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXVil
branches of the rose, especially the dead spurs remaining where
a branch had been cut off, and consequently that a careful re-
moval of these would in a great measure prevent their ravages.
Mr. Westwood remarked, that it was difficult to decide to what
species they belonged, and that as yet he was not aware of any
Tortricideous larva being known to bore into wood.
Mr. E. Doubleday remarked, that the habits of this species
were nearly the same as those of the Yortrix of the vine, so
beautifully figured and so elaborately described in Andouin’s work
upon it. That larva forms for its winter habitation a small silken
cocoon under the bark of the vine, and comes forth in the spring
destroying the young shoots.
1st May, 1848.
W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
Donations.
Genera et Species Trichopterorum, part 1, by Dr. F. A, Ko-
Jenati. Presented by the Author.
The Athenzeum for February and April, 1848. Presented by
the Editor.
Littell’s Living Age, part 201. Presented by the Editor.
Boston Journal of Natural History, Vol. V. part 2. Presented
by the Society.
Entomologische Zeitung, for January, 1848. Presented by the
Entomological Society of Stettin.
Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de
Genéve, Tome XI. part 2. Presented by that Society.
Arthur Christie, Esq., of 9, Stanhope Street, Hyde Park Square,
was elected a Member of the Society.
Exurzitions, Memoirs, &c.
Mr. Saunders exhibited some young fruit of the apricot, eaten
by the larva of one of the Tortricide, probably a Lozotenia. Also
some corks from wine bottles, destroyed by the larva of some
Coleopterous insect.
A letter was received from J. C. Bowring, Esq. of Hong Kong,
returning thanks for his election as a Corresponding Member of
the Society.
XXXVIIl PROCEEDINGS OF THE
Also a letter, addressed by that gentleman to Mr. White, de-
tailing the habits of many species of insects, and some Myriapoda,
inhabiting that island.
Mr. E. Doubleday read a memoir on some new species of
Geometride, from Caraccas.
The President called the attention of the Members to the sub-
ject of the luminosity of Fudgora laternaria, remarking that it is
desirable to collect all the evidence bearing on the disputed ques-
tion of the luminousness of this insect. ‘ The following passage
(he observed) from Mr. W. H. Edwards's highly interesting
‘Voyage up the River Amazon’ (January, 1847), is worth quoting.
“In describing a night-scene at Mogoary, twelve miles from
Para, the capital of the province, situated eighty miles from the
mouth of the Amazon, in Brazil, Mr. Edwards says, ‘ Huge
moths, those fairest of the insect world, have taken the place of
the butterflies, and myriads of fire-flies never weary in their
torch-light dance. Far down the road comes on a blaze, steady,
streaming like a meteor. It whizzes past, and for an instant the
space is illumined, and dewy jewels from the leaves throw back
the radiance. It is the lantern-fly, seeking what he himself
knows best, by the fiery guide upon his head.’—p. 31.
“Mr. Edwards, with whom I have the pleasure of being per-
sonally acquainted, assures me that this is an accurate description
of what he himself witnessed ; and though he did not capture one
of the lantern-flies, all the Brazilians with whom he conversed on
the subject agreed in asserting that this insect is certainly and
notoriously luminous, the large hollow projection from the head
being the part which gives out the light. Mr. Henderson, for
example, when Mr. Edwards first landed at Para, and before he
had seen the appearance just described, told him that some night
or other he would see a flying insect giving out far more light
than the ordinary fire-flies, and gave a description of the insect to
which he alluded, which was exactly applicable to the specimen
of Fulgora laternaria brought to Mr. Edwards when he was at
Bara, one thousand miles higher up the Amazon, and upon seeing
which Signor Henriquez, of Bara, observed, ‘this is a rare insect
here, and is the one that is so luminous.’ ”’
The President also read the following communication relative to
meal made from vetches, which had been found to be poisonous.
“ As it is a duty of this Society to endeavour to throw light on
obscure facts in which it is possible that insects may be concerned,
I beg to draw your attention to a statement, apparently connected
with one of these, made to the Council of the Royal Agricultural
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXIX
Society, April 12, 1848, of the death of nine pigs belonging to
Mr. Bury, of Hanslope Park, Bucks, a few hours after eating
porridge made of meal from vetches, bought at Liverpool. ‘ Pro-
fessor Way remarked, that the poisonous effect was produced either
jrom mineral poison mixed with the meal, or in consequence of
some poisonous quality chemically engendered in the meal itself.
He was inclined to think, from such a result in many vegetable
substances, that the latter was the case.’ Now I would beg to
suggest, whether it is not more probable that this poisonous qua-
lity in the meal (for I do not think that any mere extrication of
gas, as Professor Sewell, of the Royal Veterinary College, sug-
gested, could produce a fatal result so immediate, and on the
whole number of pigs) was caused by its having been ground
from vetches infested with some Bruchus, in its various states of
larva, pupa and imago. I am not aware that English vetches
(including under this term lentils and tares), which indeed are not
very extensively cultivated in this country, are materially affected
by any insect ; but Mr. Curtis, in his late excellent ‘ Essay on Pea
and Bean Insects,’ in the 7th volume of the Journal of the Royal
Agricultural Society, informs us, in a note quoted from the En-
cyclopédie Méthodique, that the lentils and vetches of France are
infested by Bruchus granarius, as we may reasonably infer are
those of other continental countries, or with allied species. Is it
not then probable, that as considerable quantities of foreign Jentils
were imported last year into Liverpool from Egypt, Prussia, &c.
that the poisonous meal in question might have been ground from
the refuse screenings of this grain, and thus have contained a
sufficient quantity of Bruchus granarius in its different states to
impart noxious properties to it ?
«This supposition is rendered probable by three facts,—first,
that, as recorded by Amoreux, and quoted in the ‘Introduction
to Entomology,’ individuals in France seem to have been poisoned
by eating Bruchus granarius in worm-eaten peas; second, that, as
stated by Mr. Curtis in the 7th volume of the Journal of the Royal
Society of Agriculture, the health of a cabman’s horses, fed on
Sicilian beans much worm-eaten, was found to be very much
deranged; and third, that two fat pigs of Mr. H. Wilson, of
Stowlangtoft Hall, as he stated to the Royal Agricuitural So-
ciety, were both destroyed by being fed for a week on meal
ground from damaged rice, purchased at a cheap rate, which it is
highly probable abounded in Calandra oryze, with the known
noxious properties of which Bruchus granarius may not unreason-
ably be supposed to partake.”
VOL. V. h
xl PROCEEDINGS OF THE
5th June, 1848. i
W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
DonaATIONs.
Beitraége zur nahern Kenntniss der Palingenia longicauda, Olivier,
by Professor C. Cornelius. Presented by the Author.
Linnea Entomologica, Vol. 3.
Entomologische Zeitung, for 1848, parts 2, 3 and 4, All pre-
sented by the Entomological Society of Stettin.
Transactions of the Zoological Society, Vol. 3, part 5
Proceedings of the Zoological Society, for 1847, pp. 107—242,
and for 1848, pp. 1—16. All presented by the Zoological Society.
Exursitions, Memoirs, &c.
Mr. T. V. Wollaston exhibited a very extensive series of insects
of all orders, collected by him in Madeira during the past winter
and spring. This collection contains many new and remarkable
species, especially of Coleoptera, and is the most extensive ever
brought from that island.
Mr. Stevens exhibited a small box of insects recently taken in
the Isle of Wight, including specimens of Drypta emarginata,
Agrotis cinerea, two new species of Anacampsis, &c.; also speci-
mens of Endromis versicolora from Sussex, and numerous insects
captured in the New Forest, near Lyndhurst, including Cleora
cinctaria, Chlorissa viridaria, and the species of Psyche described
by Curtis under the name of Penthophora nigricans. The speci-
mens of the last named insect were reared from cocoons found on
heath and gorse in the neighbourhood of Ringwood and Lyndhurst.
Mr. Stevens remarked that the males invariably emerged from the
pupa between the hours of five and seven p.m., and that one evening
great numbers of males were attracted by a female just emerged
from the pupa, in one of his breeding cages, in a garden at a great
distance from the heath where they are found. The female, which
has only rudiments of legs, does not leave the cocoon until after
she has deposited her eggs therein.
Mr. E. Doubleday exhibited specimens of Zegris Eupheme,
Colias Aurora, and other rare European Lepidoptera ; also a spe-
cimen of Hebomoia Leucippe; of a new Rhodocera from Nepaul,
allied to Rh. Verhuellit, for which he proposed the name of Rh.
Wallichii, after its discoverer Dr. Wallich; also the male of Actzas
Meenas, remarkable for the extreme length of the tails of the
posterior wings. (Tab. XV. fig. 1.)
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. xli
Mr. E. Doubleday then called the attention of the meeting to
the structure of the anterior wings in Zeuxidia Luxeri, Hiibner, a
rare butterfly from the Indian archipelago.
In this insect the third median nervule, soon after its origin,
throws off a short branch, which is directed upwards, then slightly
outward, when it becomes atrophied, and confounded with the fold
between the second discoidal and the third median nervule. Mr.
E. Doubleday considered this deviation from the usual structure
of the wing in the diurnal Lepidoptera as of great interest, and
likely to assist in ascertaining the true structure of the wings of
some of the Hepiolide and other Heterocerous Lepidoptera, which
is so much more complicated than that of the Rhopalocera. He
pointed out the resemblance between this short nervule and the
traces of the discoidal nervure and nervules often visible in tke
cell of the anterior, and sometimes of the posterior wings of the
Heliconide, and some other butterflies; and also that in these
insects the discoidal nervure and its nervules are almost always
represented by distinct folds, which have by some authors been
mistaken for nervules. He considered it of the greatest import-
ance, in reference to the Pterology of insects, to attend strictly to
these rudimentary nervules, and to avoid most carefully any care-
less or inaccurate descriptions of them. He believed that they
will be found to indicate either the introduction of an additional
element into the structure, or the proximate disappearance of one
already existing; and that these changes depended more on the
position that the animal occupies in the system of nature, than on
any modification in its habits.
Mr. J. F. Stephens exhibited a living larva of Graphiphora sub-
rosea, which had been reared from the egg by Mr. Doubleday.
Also specimens of Gracillaria V. flava, bred from the larvee found
in the wine corks previously exhibited by Mr. E. Doubleday. This
insect, he remarked, until within a few years, was very rare in
collections, but had latterly been found in plenty by Mr. Bedell in
wine cellars. As it differs considerably from the other species of
the genus Gracillaria, he proposed to separate it from them under
the name of Oinophila.
Mr. J. W. Douglas exhibited specimens of a new species of
Microsetia, for which he proposed the name of Stephensella.
Mr. Weir remarked that two distinct insects have commonly
been confounded in England under the name of Spinolota trima-
culana, one of which feeds on the whitethorn, the other on the rose.
Mr. Westwood made some observations on the Penthophera
nigricans of Curtis, showing that it could not be generically asso-
xlii PROCEEDINGS OF THE
ciated with the type of that genus, Penth. Morio, on account of its
transformatioiis, the apterous state of the female, the want of palpi,
and peculiar veining of the wings in the male. The latter charac-
ter, as well as the almost obsolete, exarticulate antenne of the
female, likewise remove it from Psyche fusca, and the genus Fumea
of Haworth.
Mr. Westwood accordingly proposed for it the generic name of
Pachythelia, considering it most nearly allied to the Oiketicus
MacLeayu of Guilding.
Mr. Westwood thought that, notwithstanding some of the “Sack-
trégers’’ are evidently related to the Timeide and Hepiolide, those
under consideration are most allied to some of the Arctide.
Mr. Douglas remarked that Mr. Doubleday had at one time
thought it possible that this insect was the Psyche febretta of
Duponchel, but that though it evidently belongs to the same
group, he now considers it a distinct species.
3rd July, 1848.
J. F. S. Parry, Esq., F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.
H. Low, Esq., Colonial Secretary, Labuan, was elected a Cor-
responding Member of the Society.
Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.
Mr. Ingpen exhibited a specimen of Papilio Machaon, which
had been two years in the pupa state.
Mr. G. F. Angas exhibited two large boxes containing insects
of various orders recently collected by himself in the interior of
South Africa. Amongst them were two new species of Papilio,
two or more new species of Acr@a, two new genera of Nympha-
lide, a magnificent new Saturnia of the subgenus Actias, and
many other exceedingly rare or entirely new insects.
Capt. Parry exhibited a box of Coleoptera from Ceylon, con-
taining many rare species.
Mr. W. W. Saunders exhibited a male and female of Cystosoma
Saundersit from Australia. The female, which was not hitherto
known, is remarkable for not having the body inflated as in the
male.
Mr. Newport exhibited a new species of the genus Monodonto-
merus, belonging to the family of the Chalcidide, reared from
larves which he had found in the nests of Anthophora retusa. He
proposed for it the name of Monodontomerus nitidus.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. xliil
Mr. J. W. Douglas exhibited specimens of Agrophila sul-
phurea, Argyromyges viminiella, A. salicolella, A. spiniolella.
Argyrosetia semifasciella, Gracillaria substriga, and some new
species of Microlepidoptera.
Mr. Weir exhibited a very large series of Microlepidoptera,
collected by himself in the vicinity of Tunbridge Wells.
Mr. H. T. Stainton exhibited pupe of Argyromyges quercifo-
hella and Arg. sylvella.
A paper was read “ On some remarkable Hermaphrodite Bri-
tish Lepidoptera,” by Mr. Wing.
A paper was read, being extracts from Zeller’s Monograph of
the genus Argyresthia, published in the Linnea Entomologica,
with notes by Mr. H. T. Stainton.
A requisition for a special meeting of the Society to consider
certain alterations of the bye-laws of the Society, signed by six
members, was read.
7th August, 1848.
J. F.S. Parry, Esq., F.L.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.
DonaTIONs.
Dei Vantaggi che l’Agricoltura puo ricavare dallo Studio dell’
Entomologia, by Professor Passerini. Presented by the Author.
Frederick Grant, Esq., 15, Sussex Place, Kensington, was
elected a member.
Exursitions, Memoirs, &c.
Mr. J. F. Stephens exhibited a large mass of Atherix ibis,
about two inches in diameter, found by the Rev. F. W. Hope on
the banks of the Severn, at Berwick, near Shrewsbury. This
mass was composed of an immense number of individuals, closely
adhering together around a small branch.
Mr. J.C. Bowring exhibited two very interesting boxes of
insects, chiefly Coleoptera, collected by himself at Hong Kong,
containing three new species of Paussus, a new Cremastocheilus,
and a very remarkable Coccus-like insect, parasitic upon Fulgora
candelaria. This last insect led to a considerable discussion as to
the order to which it belongs.
Dr. Schaum, who had recently returned from the United States,
exhibited a box of insects from those States, containing seven
VOL. V. 1
xliv PROCEEDINGS OF THE
species of the genus Cremastocheilus, of which four were new.
Two of these were discovered in South Carolina, by Dr. Zimmer-
mann, and two in the Missouri territory, by Dr. J. Leconte.
The three known species were Cr. canaliculatus, Kirby, Cr. cas-
tanee, Knoch, and Cr. Sayii, Harris. He stated that the Cr.
canaliculatus of Kirby, which is the Cr. Hentzit of Dr. Harris,
had hitherto been erroneously considered, both by himself and
Dr. Burmeister, to be the Cr. castanee of Knoch. The true
Cr. castanee had remained hitherto unknown to more modern
authors. It is distinguishable from the former species by its
much smaller size, and by its more coarsely and sparingly punc-
tured head and thorax. He pointed out that the third species
was very near to the C. variolosus of Kirby, but differed in the
form of the posterior angles of the thorax. He mentioned that
besides these, he was acquainted with five other species from
North America, thus bringing the actual number of known species
from that continent to amount to twelve. These five are, Ist,
Psilocnemis leucosticta, Burm; 2, Cremastocheilus Harrisu, Kirby ;
3, a large new species from Indiana, of which fragments exist in
Dr. Harris's collection; 4, a species allied to Cr. variolosus, which
M. Gory had in his collection as Cr. castanee, and which must
be considered the type of his description, and which has not been
noticed by any other author; 5, Cr. Meaicanus, Schaum. He
added, in conclusion, that the habits of the genus were very little
known; that he had himself found one species in ants’ nests on
the Catskill Mountains, and that Professor Haldemann had also
found two species in similar situations in Pennsylvania.
Dr. Schaum also exhibited many new or very rare Coleoptera,
found by himself in his journey through the United States.
Dr. Schaum next exhibited specimens of Glyptus subtilis, one
of the rarest of the Carabideous insects, which had been found in
Western Africa, by Dr. Savage, in the nests of the Termites, or
white ants; and a drawing of a remarkable Goliathus, existing in
the collection of Mr. Turner, of Manchester. ‘This specimen,
which he considered to be a variety of Gol. cacicus, has the head
and bands of the thorax almost white, the elytra almost white,
wanting the bluish silvery hue common in Gol. cacicus, and having
the humeral and apical black patches almost touching one ano-
ther; thus seeming to form a link between Gol. Druri and Gol.
cacicus.
Mr. Westwood remarked, that after a very careful examination
of many specimens of both species, he could not indicate any
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. xlv
constant difference of form between them, except that Gol.
cacicus has the legs more slender than Gol. Drurii, and that the
angulations of the head and thorax are somewhat different in the
two species.
Mr. J. W. Douglas exhibited the pup of Spilonota fenella,
in the stems of Artemisia campestris.
Mr. Sheppard exhibited some remarkable varieties of Melitea
cinxia, Thecla pruni, and Graphiphora subrosea.
The following note by Dr. Schaum was read: “ Since my de-
scription of Platygenia exarata was published in the fifth volume
of the Transactions of this Society, I have had an opportunity of
seeing the male of that species in the collection of Dr. Zimmer-
mann, of Colombia, South Carolina. On this sex the inside of
the hind tibiz has a thick brush of black hairs ; the claws of the
anterior tarsi are simple, while they are toothed at the base in
Plat. barbata, a fact showing that this character has here only a
specific, not a generic value.
“ T take advantage of this opportunity to correct an error of
the press in my description of Pl. evarata, p.76. In the third
line from below of that page, instead of ‘ proves that the speci-
men is a male,’ read ‘ female ;’ and p. 74, line 20, read ‘ margine,”
not ‘ marginato.’”
Mr. E. Doubleday made some remarks upon the very valuable
collection of Coleoptera, which Dr. Schaum had formed during his
journey in the United States; especially referring to the geo-
graphical distribution of the species, a large number of which
have a very wide range. Many of those found by Dr. Schaum in
Louisiana, having been taken by himself both in the State of
New York and in East Florida, showing a range of above nine
hundred miles from North to South, and above one thousand
miles from East to West. This range was the more remarkable
from the well known fact that the climate changes more in a
given number of degrees of latitude in the United States than in
Europe.
A requisition for a special general meeting to consider certain
alterations in the Bye-Laws, signed by six members, was read.
2
xlvi PROCEEDINGS OF THE
4th September, 1848.
W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
DonaTIONs.
Istoria dei Bruci et Larvi della Lithosia Caniola. By Professor
C. Passerini. Presented by the Author.
Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, No. 21,
for August, 1848. Presented by that Society.
Annals of the New York Lyceum. Vol. 4. Parts 10 & 11.
Presented by that Institution.
Materials for a Fauna and Flora of Swansea, and the Neigh-
bourhood. By L. Weston Dilwyn, Esq. Presented by the Au-
thor.
Exursitions, Memoirs, &c.
Mr. J. F. Stephens exhibited two species of Coccus, one found
in great profusion on Ribes sanguineum, the other on the apple
tree; and, for comparison with these, he also exhibited specimens
of the species infesting the orange tree.
Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a remarkable variety of Polyommatus
Adonis, taken at Torquay, in which the upper surface of the wing
was of a fulvous colour; also a specimen of Deilephila Livornica
(Esp. ) from the same locality. He likewise exhibited numerous
beautifully-preserved specimens of Lepidoptera, taken by himself
in Devonshire, amongst which were Hypena Crassalis, Eupithecia
nigro-punctata, Margaritia longalis, Anticlea sinuata, Emmelesia
bifasciata, Xanthosetia inopiana, and other species, rare in Great
Britain. He stated that the larva of the last-named species feeds
on a species of Pulicaria.
Mr. Westwood informed the Society, that he had recently made
some very interesting observations on Sitaris humeralis, which he
hoped shortly to be able to publish. He brought to the Meeting
many specimens captured by himself in Oxfordshire, for distri-
bution amongst the members.
Mr. E. Doubleday read a description of a new species of Go-
nepteryx, of the section for which Dr. Boisduval had proposed the
name of Dercas.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, xlvil
GonEPTERYX WALLICHII.
Gon. Wallichi: Alis omnibus leté flavis, anticis apice acuminato
nigro, macula pone medium rotundata nigra ; posticis rotundatis.
Exp. alar. 23 unc. vel 62 millim. Habitat India Sept.
Head black. Antenne reddish. Thorax black, clothed thinly with
yellow hairs. Anterior wings acuminate, falcate, the outer margin
slightly sinuate below the apex, above pale bright yellow, the apex
marked with a black patch trisinuate internally, the middle sinus
deep, the others much slighter; the termination of the costal ner-
vure, and also of the first and second subcostal nervules, marked
with a small black dot; two small black dots on the outer margin,
and a large rounded spot, bordered below with ferruginous, be-
tween the first and second median nervules, not far from their
origin. Posterior wings rounded, pale, bright yellow, the termi-
nations of the nervules marked with a small black dot. Below
all the wings paler than above, sprinkled with small ferruginous
atoms, the discocellular nervule of both wings marked with a
geminate ferruginous spot, bepupilled with silver; the anterior
wings marked with a silvery cloud, from which a faint ferruginous
line runs across the wings nearly to the anal angle, touching a
spot in place of the rounded spot of the upper surface, but of a
paler colour. Legs nearly white.
This species may be known from Gonepteryx Verhuellu by its
rounded posterior wings, and from Gon. Lycorias by the large
spot of the anterior wings and other characters.
2nd October, 1848.
W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
Donations.
Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou.
Part 2, for 1847. Presented by that Society.
Entomologische Zeitung, for June, 1848. Presented by the
Entomological Society of Stettin.
Journal of the Boston Natural History Society. Vol. 5, part 4.
Presented by that Society.
Two specimens of Lamia Textor, found near Bristol. Presented
by Mr. Jacques.
xlvill PROCEEDINGS OF THE
Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.
Mr. J. F. Stephens exhibited a specimen of fir timber, from
Charing, in Kent, perforated obliquely downwards by Sirex gigas
and Sirex juvencus ; and stated that the perfect insects had made
their appearance throughout the months of June, July, August,
and September.
Mr. J. J. Weir exhibited specimens of Cynceda dentalis, taken
by himself at Lewes; also a box, containing numerous species of
Lepidoptera, some of them rare, beaten from the thatch of an out-
building, their winter quarters.
Mr. Wollaston exhibited a box of Coleoptera collected in the
neighbourhood of Colombo, Ceylon, amongst which were many
rare species.
Mr. 8. Stevens exhibited a box, containing many species of
Coleoptera, rare in Britain, amongst which were Lizxus bicolor,
Hypera fasciculosa, Platyonomus mixtus, all found on Erodium
cicularium ; also Lizus angustatus, Sitona Waterhousei, Acalles ro-
boris, and a species of Lebia, believed to be undescribed, found
near Deal; also specimens of amber, containing insects found on
the sea-shore at Deal and Hastings.
The Secretary read a letter from Mr. Jacques, stating that he
had captured twenty-one specimens of Lamia textor near Bristol,
that he believed to be a nocturnal insect, never having met with
it before 7 p.m., and that he had taken the specimens mentioned
by examining the branches of willows after dark.
The following extract of a letter from W. Thompson, Esq., of
Belfast, on the habits of dleyrodes Phillyree was read :—
‘“‘ Although you are not to expect any thing entomological from
me, I may mention my being lately attracted by the beautiful
Aleyrodes Phillyree. Having remarked from a little distance the
very lucid and even black appearance of a fine large plant of
Phillyrea latifolia, 1 went to ascertain the cause, and found hosts
of this beautiful creature on the under side of the leaves, to which
only the perfect insect, as well as in its other stages, was attached,
just after the manner of Aphides. If you have not seen the spe-
cies, you can imagine the beautiful sight afforded on my shaking
the plant, when hundreds of minute moths (as it were), not ex-
ceeding a line and a half in length, and of a snowy whiteness,
hovered over the gloomy Phillyrea. I visited the plant yester-
day, and found the Aleyrodes just as I had seen it a month before.
The Phillyrea however was the worse, a few of the leaves being
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. xlxi
killed, and others tending towards decay. Not a leaf, excepting
the very few young ones put forth, but is affected, in hue at
least. The Phillyrea is in the midst of shrubs of various kinds,
none of which, nor any other plant of the same species in the
grounds, is attacked.”
The alterations proposed to be made in the Bye-Laws were
read,
6th November, 1848.
W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
DonatTIoNs.
The Athenzeum, for March to September inclusive. Presented
by the Editors.
Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyen. Vol. 1, 1845-6.
Presented by that Society.
Catalogue des Insectes recueillies par M. Lehmann. By M.
Ménétriés. Presented by the Author.
A large Series of British Lepidoptera. Presented by G. Be-
dell, Esq.
The proposed alterations in the Bye-Laws were agreed to.
Mr. I. W. Douglas exhibited larve of Trogosita Mauritanica
which had been found in packages of silks from India, to which
they had done much damage.
Mr. W. Thompson sent, for exhibition, living larvae of Aley-
rodes Phillyree.
Mr. Stainton exhibited a very extensive series of varieties
of Pecilochroma piceana, pointing out the connecting links be-
tween those varieties which have been described as species, viz.
Peec. piceana (Haw.), Peec. semifuscana (Stevens), and Peee. vit-
tana, Curtis.
Mr. Weaver exhibited the cocoons of a species of Psyche,
supposed to be new to Britain,
Mr. Waterhouse exhibited two specimens of a species of Gyri-
osomus (section Heteromera, family Nyctelide ), from Chili, which,
having a general resemblance to the Gyr. Hopii, differed in being
larger, in having the thorax more convex above, being destitute
of the transverse depression on the hinder part, and lastly, in
wanting the white longitudinal lines on the hinder part of the
elytra. In the specimens laid before the meeting, the whole sur-
1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
face of the elytra was studded with small irregular depressions,
and these were clothed with a white substance, as are the de-
pressions of Gyr. Hope.
Mr. E. Doubleday made some remarks on the subject of local
varieties, and the representation of one species by another in
distant localities. He especially mentioned a species of Papilio,
from California, recently added to the collection of the British
Museum, which shows a marked affinity both to P. Asterias and
P. Machaon, scarcely differing from the latter except in its
brighter colouring and in having the red spot at the anal angle
of the posterior wings pupilled with black as in P. Asterias, to
some of the varieties of which it bears a resemblance almost as
close as to P. Machaon.
Mr. J. F. Stephens remarked, that in many species of Lepi-
doptera the specimens from Scotland were constantly darker than
the English ones. He also alluded to the minute but constant
differences to be found between the European and American spe-
cimens of certain Lepidoptera, as, for example, Vanessa Atalanta
and Lycena Phleas.
A paper was read by Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Synonyms of
Tinea Festaliella of Hiibner.
4th December, 1848.
W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
DonaTIONs.
Three boxes of Insects of various orders from South Australia.
Presented by W. Spence, Esq., the President of the Society.
Reports of the British Association for the Advancement of
Science, for the years 1843-4-5-6-7. Also presented by the
President.
Entomologische Zeitung, for August and September, 1848.
Presented by the Entomological Society of Stettin.
Annales de la Société Royale d’Agriculture, &c.de Lyon. Pre-
sented by that Society.
Bulletin de l’ Académie Royale de Belgique for 1847 and 1848 ;
Annuaire de l’'Académie Royale de Belgique for 1848 ;
Mémoires Couronnés et Mémoires des Savans Etrangers, pub-
liés par l’'Academie Royale de Belgique, for 1848. All presented
by that Society.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. li
Boston Journal of Natufal History. Vol. 5, part 4. Presented
by the Boston Natural History Society.
Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. Vol. 6, parts
1 and 2. Presented by that Society.
La Muscardine, by M. Guérin-Ménéville ;
Necéssité d’introduire ]’Etude de la Zoologie dans |’Enseigne-
ment Agricole, by M. Guérin-Ménéville ;
Essai sur les Lépidoptéres du Genre Bombyx qui donnent ou
qui donneront de la Soie, by M. Guérin Ménéville ;
Extrait du Compte Rendu de la Séance Publique et Annuelle
de Société Royale et Centrale d’Agriculture, qui a décerné a M.
le Dr. Eu. Robert le Prix, institué pour la découverte et mise
en pratique des moyens propres a détruire les Insectes nuisibles
aux Forets, &c., by M. Guérin Ménéville. All presented by the
Author,
Insecta Caffraria. Pars lma. By C. H. Bohemann. Presented
by the Author.
Observations sur quelques Genres de Carabiques, by M. le
Baron Chaudoir ;
Enumeration des Carabiques et Hydrocanthares du Caucase,
by M. le Baron Chaudoir. Both presented by the Author.
Exursitions, Memoirs, &c.
Mr. E. Doubleday informed the meeting, that the Saturnia,
from South Africa, which he had exhibited at a previous meeting
believing it to be new, was described about a year since by Dr.
Boisduval, under the name of Saturnia Acacia, in the “ Voyage
de Delegorgue.”
He also stated that the Saturnia, which he then considered to
be the male of Saturnia (Actias) Meenas, was, he believed, a dis-
tinct species. The specimen in the British Museum is much
faded, and consequently it is difficult to say what might have been
its colour; but he had lately seen two perfect specimens in a col-
lection of insects from Silhet, now unfortunately on the road to
Brody, in Galicia, the collection having been purchased by Count
Mnizesch. He would propose to call it
Saturnia Leto.
Sat. Leto: Alis anticis elongatis, triangularibus, posticis parvis
oS a fo} ’ ?
sub-trigonis, cauda longissima, apice dilatata, instructis: omnes
> 8
pallide viridi-flavidis, basi, linea tenui, nudata, transversa, margini-
busque externis plus minusve, brunneis: anticis lunula magna, pos-
ticis parva instruclis.
Exp. alar. 6 unc. 3 lin. del. 156 mill. Hab, India Orientali.
hit PROCEEDINGS OF THE
Anterior wings triangular, the apex acute; the anterior margin
more than double the length of the inner; the outer margin nearly
straight, three-fourths the length of the anterior; pale, dull,
greenish yellow: the costa, the base beyond the origin of the first
median nervule, an indistinct, angular, transverse striga beyond
the middle, a patch near the apex, and a larger one on the outer
magin near the anal angle, pale brown: the end of the cell marked
by large crescent-shaped lunule, dark internally and above. Pos-
terior wings short, subtriangular, the anal angle produced into a
long tail, more than double the length of the wing, very slender,
enlarged before the apex; pale dull greenish yellow: the base,
an angular striga near the outer margin, the outer margin and the
narrow part of the tail, except internally near the base, pale
brown.
Head, thorax and abdomen greenish yellow, the prothorax
brown in front.
In the collections of the British Museum, Count Mnizesch, &c.
Mr. Westwood brought for distribution amongst the members
numerous specimens of Cucujus piceus.
Mr. White exhibited a box containing a selection from a col-
lection of insects made in New Zealand by Mr. Churton; amongst
which were a new genus of Scaritide, a species of Dircea, a new
genus near to Metopon, a new genus of Prionid@, a new species of
Gryllotalpa, and other new insects.
Mr. E. Doubleday exhibited a box containing a series of Lepi-
doptera from the same collection, mostly new species ; also a re-
markable cocoon of a Lepidopterous insect, probably allied to the
Lithosiide, but which much resembled in structure that of Dic-
tyopeia Catenaria. This cocoon is of an oval form, composed of
delicate silken net, of a rose colour, and is suspended by a long
thread from a leaf. The cocoon and perfect insect were sent from
Para by Messrs. Wallace and Bates.
Mr. Maitland exhibited specimens of Polia Lichenea and Agrotis
lunigera, captured near Ventnor.
Mr. Bond exhibited specimens of an apparently new Nonagria,
and also of Depressaria Angelicella (Hiibn.), and Depressaria sub-
propinquella, Stainton: also a specimen of Helothis Armigera,
captured near Dorking, September 20th, 1548.
Mr. Douglas exhibited specimens of Anacampsis alacella, An.
peliella, and An, lentiginosella.
Mr. S. Stevens exhibited specimens of Oxypate gelatella, taken
in Fulham Fields.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. liii
A letter was read from Mr. Walton, communicating a letter
from Mr. Carlson, containing a short biography of M. Schénherr.
Mr. Carlson states—
‘© 4, Aberdeen Place, Maida Hill,
August 4, 1848.
** My dear Sir,—According to your wish I have procured from
Sweden a sketch of my late uncle, Mr. Schonherr’s life, which I
have translated into English for you, leaving to you to make
whatever use of it you think proper. In case you should decide
upon publishing it in some periodical, the English requires a little
polishing, which I hope you will be kind enough to undertake.
‘One of the sons-in-law of Mr. Schonherr, who is Professor
of Theology at the University of Upsala, informs me that he is
engaged to publish the life of Mr. Schénherr in the form of a
book or pamphlet, which will probably be ready by the end of
this year.
* The enclosed sketch is taken from a recent publication called
** Biographical Lexicon of celebrated Swedish Men,” to the editor
of which Mr. Schénherr himself has given the principal facts,
which consequently can be relied upon.
* Believe me, my dear sir,
yours very faithfully,
. W. Cartson,
“ To John Walton, Esq.
“ Cart JOHAN ScHONHERR.
*‘ Born in Stockholm, June 10th, 1772. His father, Christian
Schonherr, who died in 1783, was a native of Saxony, who settled
in Sweden, where he became a silk manufacturer in the city of
Stockholm. After his death the business was carried on by his
widow, Louisa Christina Herrman, also a native of Germany, until
1791, when their son Carl Johan, having finished his education,
became sole manager of this silk manufactury, which had been
established in Stockholm by his father. By great talent and
industry Schénherr improved the manufactory very considerably,
so that the number of looms in full operation amounted to seventy-
two, on which more than 200 hands were employed. In 1802 he
was elected Deputy of the Silk-Mercers’ Company, and in 1809 was
returned to the Diet as one of the Members for the City of Stock-
liv PROCEEDINGS OF THE
holm. He retired from business in 1811; and having bought the
beautiful estate of Sparresater in Westrogothia, he removed there
with his family in 1812. His Majesty, the King of Sweden, made
him Counsellor of Commerce in 1812, Knight of the Royal Order
of Polar Star in 1829, and Knight Commander of the Royal Order
of Wasa in 1846.
«« Without any previous instruction, Schénherr began as early as
1784 to collect insects, and became soon intimately acquainted
with distinguished Entomologists, particularly Major Gyllenhaal
and Professor Quensel, of whom whe latter encouraged him to
publish his Synonymia Insectorum” in 1806. What most par-
ticularly induced him to undertake this work was the uncertainty
and confusion which prevailed in the science of Entomology on
account of the different systems and names which had been
adopted, and it was his study to point out and arrange the
different names and places which in the various Entomological
systems had by different authors been given to precisely the same
species. This plan was soon enlarged by the publication of more
accurate systematic definitions and descriptions of new species.
He also made a new and original system for the Curculionides,
which now is generally adopted. Linnzus knew only a little
more than 100 species of this family, and by the authors who
preceded Schoénherr, as Fabricius, Olivier, &c., only 700, or at
most 800 species, were described and confusedly put together.
This circumstance, in addition to the vast number of new dis-
coveries in this branch of Entomology, made it necessary to sys-
tematize de novo, which arduous undertaking was performed by
Schonherr in his work which has been published by the title
** Genera et Species Curculionidum,” where more than 7000 dif-
ferent species have been described, and divided in various groups
among 644 new genera. Schonherr spent about thirty years’
incessant labour on this work, during which time he bas kept up
a most extensive correspondence with the principal Entomologists,
not only in all parts of Europe, but also in Asia and America,
who continually communicated to him their discoveries and obser-
vations, and many distinguished Entomologists assisted him in
special parts of the work, without which assistance it could never
have been brought to that state of perfection which it now pos-
sesses. By a testamentary disposition Schénherr has presented
his rich and beautiful collection of insects, one of the best and
most accurately arranged in Europe, to the Royal Society of
Stockholm, of which learned body he had been a member since
1809.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. lv
“* Schonherr distinguished himself also by agricultural pursuits,
in cultivating land on his estate, clearing stony ground, draining,
&c. He also for a long course of years made experiments to
naturalize maize in Sweden.
‘* Schénherr was struck by a fit of apoplexy, which in a few days
ended his life on the 28th March, 1848, at his estate of Sparresater.
‘* He was twice married; first in 1795, to Helena Catherina
Ferelius (born in London, where her father was minister of the
Swedish Church, Princes’ Square, Ratcliff Highway, afterwards
Archdeacon in Sweden), by whom he had one son and two
daughters; secondly, in 1811, to Benedicta Charlotta Bilbery,
daughter of Archdeacon E. Bilbery), by whom he had five
daughters.
“‘Schénherr was honorary and corresponding member of more
than twenty learned and scientific societies in Europe, America
and other parts of the world.
“‘ His portrait has been twice lithographed.
** Besides his well known Entomological works, Schénherr pub-
lished in the Swedish language various essays on agriculture and
manufacture.”
Mr. E. Doubleday read an extract from a letter he had received
from Dr. Schaum announcing the death of Dr. Erichson.
A paper by Mr. Westwood, on new species of Cetoniade from
India, was read; also
A paper by Captain Parry, containing descriptions of some new
Coleoptera. This paper was accompanied by a plate presented by
the Author; also
A paper by Mr. Douglas, on the Genus Gelechia of Zeller.
A memoir on the Genera Depressaria and E'xairetia, containing
descriptions of nine new species, by Mr. H. T. Stainton, was read.
Mr. E. Doubleday remarked, on the subject of the memoirs on
Microlepidoptera by Zeller and others, that as yet few genera of
nocturnal Lepidoptera have been correctly and clearly charac-
terized ; insects of this order having rarely been investigated in
the same searching manner that is usual in Coleoptera, Hyme-
noptera, and some other orders. He was, however, happy to
find that more attention was now bestowed on the characters fur-
nished by the palpi, wings and legs.
A discussion ensued, in which some of Mr. E. Doubleday’s re-
marks were objected to by Messrs. Waterhouse and Douglas as
too severe and sweeping.
lvi PROCEEDINGS OF THE
1st January, 1849.
W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
The President announced that the Council recommended that
the following gentlemen be removed from the Council at the
ensuing Anniversary, viz., A. Ingpen, Esq.; G. Newport, Esq. ;
J. F.S. Parry, Esq.; and J. O. Westwood, Esq.
And that the following gentlemen be elected into the Council,.
Viz. :—
Th. Desvignes, Esq.; H. T. Stainton, Esq.; J. Walton, Esq. ;
and G. Waterhouse, Esq.
And also that the following gentlemen be elected Officers of
the Society for the following year, viz. :—
G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President ;
W. Yarrell, Esq., Treasurer ;
E. Doubleday, Esq.; W. F. Evans, Esq., Secretaries.
The following gentlemen were nominated by the President as
Auditors, viz. :—
J. W. Douglas, Esq. H. T. Stainton, Esq.
A. Ingpen, Esq. J. Walton, Esq.
W. W. Saunders, Esq. G. R. Waterhouse, Esq.
Donations.
A very beautiful and valuable collection of Indian insects, col-
lected by Mrs. M. Hamilton. Presented by Mrs. M. Hamilton.
John Dawson, Esq., of Carron, was elected a subscriber.
Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.
Mr. W. W. Saunders exhibited a leaf of Eucalyptus, having on
it some scale insects of remarkable character.
Mr. J. W. Douglas exhibited the cocoon and pupa of Oxypate
Gelatella, found by Mr. May under the bark of the whitethorn in
Fulham Fields. He also read the following letter from Mr.
May :—
“© 26, Pembroke Place, Vauxhall Bridge Road,
December 28, 1848.
* Dear Sir,—I have enclosed the cocoon of Oxypate Gelatella,
and yesterday again visited the spot where I captured the insects,
for the purpose of making a closer observation on their habits ;
and the result is nearly the same as I mentioned to you. The
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. lvii
larve are internal feeders, living principally in the decayed
branches of whitethorn, and in a great many instances under the
bark of the living stem. The cocoon spun under the bark is cu-
riously woven, as you will perceive in the specimen I have sent;
it is a little injured by removing it from the tree.
“ T am, dear sir, yours truly,
ceWie., Mia.”
And the following translation of Madame Lienig’s account of
the larva, published in the Isis for 1846, which agrees with
Freyer’s account and figure of the larva and pupa :—“ The larva
lives in May and June on whitethorn, currant bushes, all orchard
trees, spireea, barberry, elms and raspberry. It is when young
light-white-grey-greenish, with black head and black fore-half of
the thorax; legs blackish. When full grown it is light grass-
greenish, with whitish long stripes on the back and sides; legs
black; the last pair always without knobby thickening. It draws
together the leaves intricately, and makes a tubular canal, perhaps
an inch long, of white web, which, fast, hard and like net work, is
perforated. In this canal it changes to a pupa in captivity. On
the slightest touching, the slender very lively larva glides briskly
above and below. The pupa, which, after the transformation, is
grass-green, becomes later of a brighter grass-green. The insect
appears often as early as the beginning of September, after it has
laid ten weeks in the pupa, and is very common in the pastorate.”
He remarked that the discrepancies in these accounts rendered it
doubtful if our insect be identical with Lienig’s and Freyer’s.
The President read a letter inserted in the Barbadoes Agri-
cultural Reporter of Nov. 8, 1848 (p. 186), from John Davy,
Esq., M.D., F.R.S., containing observations on the disease
called the ‘ worm,” by which the sweet potatoes (Batatas edulis)
grown in that island are attacked. Dr. Davy found in the inte-
rior of the potatoes sent him small white hexapod larve, solitary
and of various sizes, intermediate between, being barely visible to
the naked eye, and a quarter of an inch in length, their full di-
mensions. He was not able to detect any ova, probably from
their minuteness and similarity to the starch-cells of the root.
He also found in the interior of the root a small beetle, apparently
the perfect state of the larva, and another in a sound portion of
the tuber, with its head included in the substance of the potato,
in the act of penetrating it, probably for the purpose of depositing
its eggs; and he noticed small holes on the surface, appearing to
be the incipient attempts of the beetle to enter the tuber for this
purpose. ‘The course of the larva in feeding is marked by neigh-
lviii PROCEEDINGS OF THE
bouring discoloration, first greenish, afterwards brown, spreading
toa distance from the line of perforation, and gradually becoming
fainter. The diseased part emits a peculiar odour, characteristic
of the taint and reminding him of that of sweet orris root, but is
hardly distinguishable by the taste from the sound portion, though
seeming to leave a just perceptible acrid after-taste.
With regard to remedies for the disease, Dr. Davy found that
immersion of the larvz and beetles in lime water was fatal to both
in a few hours; and hence he suggests immersing the potatoes
beginning to be diseased in this liquid for a sufficient time, and
then drying them by exposure to the sun and wind. He also
suggests as remedies immersing the diseased potatoes in very
dilute sulphuric acid and in a strong brine of salt, after being cut
in halves and quarters. The insect confines its attack to the
sweet potatoe, not being found either in the yam or eddoe; and
the ‘“‘ vine” of the diseased potatoe remains strong and vigorous,
being unaffected by the state of the tuber, whose function is not
to aid in the growth of the parent plant, but to supply nourish-
ment to young ones growing from it.
The President stated that the beetle sent by Dr. Davy to the
Society is a small species of the vast tribe of Curculionidae, not
exactly referable to any of the genera in the collection of the
British Museum, with which Mr. Waterhouse has compared it,
but were nearly allied to Ceutorhynchus than any other. As it is
most probably a new species, it is proposed to call it C. Batate,
and its specific character will be given by Mr. Waterhouse.
The President also exhibited specimens of a Calandra allied to
Cal. Oryz@, which destroys the grain of Sorghum vulgare.
Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a box of insects collected at Para by
Messrs. Wallace and Bates, containing many rare and valuable
specimens.
An extract of a letter from Brazil, addressed to Mr. W. F. Evans,
on the subject of the luminosity of Fulgora laternaria, was read.
The writer, though he had never seen the insect shine, yet be-
lieved in its luminosity.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, lix
ANNIVERSARY MEETING.
22nd January, 1849.
W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
The portion of the Bye-Laws of the Society relative to the
election of the Council and Officers having been read,—
The President announced that since the balloting papers were
printed, Mr. Evans had informed the Council that want of leisure
would compel him to decline undertaking the office of Secretary,
and that the Council recommended that Mr. J. W. Douglas should
be elected in his stead.
The Auditor’s report was read, and during the ballot the Pre-
sident delivered an address, which he was requested to allow to
be printed. This he informed the Society he would cause to be
done at his own expense for distribution among the members and
their friends.
The Scrutineers announced that—
Th. Desvignes, Esq. J. Walton, Esq.
H. T. Stainton, Esq. G. R. Waterhouse, Esq.
had been elected into the Council in the room of—
A. Ingpen, Esq. J. F.S. Parry, Esq.
G. Newport, Esq. J. O. Westwood, Esq.
And that the following gentlemen were elected Officers for the
ensuing year :-—
G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President ;
W. Yarrell, Esq., Treasurer ;
E. Doubleday, Esq.; J. W. Douglas, Esq., Secretaries.
A vote of thanks to the President for his great services to the
Society was carried by acclamation.
Votes of thanks were given to the Treasurer, the Secretaries
and the retiring Members of Council.
VOL. V. k
Ix PROCEEDINGS OF THE
5th February, 1849.
G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair.
W.S. Dallas, F.L.S., Cloudesley Square, Islington, and
J. Lee, Esq., L.L.D., F.R.S., &c., Hartwell House, Aylesbury,
were elected members; and
G. Bedell, Esq., Kent Road;
H. Jobson, Esq., Carron, Stirlingshire ;
W. F. Saunders, Esq., East Hill, Wandsworth ;
W. Bell, Esq., M.D., Albemarle Street ;
were elected subscribers.
Exursitions, Memoirs, &c.
Mr. White, on behalf of Mr. Whittingham, exhibited a speci-
men of Velleius dilatatus found by that gentleman at the root of a
tree near Wanstead.
Mr. Westwood exhibited a larva, supposed to be that of Velleius
dilatatus, and also the larve of some species of Volucella, of which
numerous specimens had been found by Professor Henslow in a
hornet’s nest.
Mr. Westwood exhibited drawings of a new genus of Aphide,
which he proposed to call Smynthurodes Bete, having found them
living in small communities on the roots of the common beet in
January last.
Mr. H. T. Stainton exhibited specimens of the true Cucullia
Lactuce, which had been sent to Mr. Doubleday by M. A. Pierret ;
and he pointed out that they were clearly distinct from the variety
of Cucullia umbratica, which had been called by this name in
England.
Mr. Douglas exhibited living larve of one of the Tineide, found
feeding on the dried poppy leaves in a chest of opium; also spe-
cimens of what probably is the perfect insect of these larve.
He also exhibited a specimen of Gl@ea erythrocephala, (var.
glabra, Duponchel,) taken last autumn by H. Cooke, Esq., of
Brighton, being the first instance of its occurrence in England.
Capt. Parry exhibited, on behalf of Turner, Esq., of
Manchester, the specimen of Goliathus mentioned last year by
Dr. Schaum at the August meeting.
A communication was read from C. A. Wilson, Esq., of Ade-
Jaide, announcing that he sent a collection of insects from that
place to the Society, and also containing many interesting remarks
on their economy.
Mr. Gould mentioned that, in Australia, a species of Coccus
was the principal food of one of the Platycerci.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. lx
Mr. White exhibited a remarkable spider’s nest brought from
Jamaica by Mr. Gosse, which was very interesting, as serving both
for the receptacle for the eggs and the residence of the female.
A paper by Mr. Dallas, on some new Hemiptera from Bhotan,
was read.
Mr. W. W. Saunders read a monograph of the genus Lrycina,
containing descriptions of many new species, and illustrated by
two plates, which he presented to the Society.
5th March, 1849.
G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair.,
H. F. Farr, Esq., Park Lane, Bath ;
J. H. Vaughan, Esq., Red Land, Bristol, and
W. J. Wild, Esq., Herne Hill, Camberwell,
were elected members; and
H. Cooke, Esq., 183, Western Road, Brighton ;
G. Ingall, Esq., 81, High Street, Borough ;
Thos. Ingall, Esq., 16, Park Road, Stockwell Park ;
A. Maitland, Esq., ‘Torrington Place, Torrington Square ;
were elected subscribers.
Exuripitions, Memotrs, &c.
Mr. Westwood informed the meeting that the vacancy at the
Berlin Museum, caused by the lamented death of Dr. Erichson,
had been filled up by the appointment of a local Entomologist,
whose name was all but unknown to science. Mr. Westwood
added, that he was sure that all present who knew Dr. Schaum
would lament that he had been passed over in the appointment to
a place for which his great talents so eminently fitted him.
Mr. Westwood read a letter from W. Atkinson, Esq., on the
subject of a larva which had done very great damage by destroy-
ing the corks of wine bottles, which Mr. Atkinson appeared to
consider Coleopterous, but which Mr. Westwood considered to be
identical with those exhibited by Mr. E. Doubleday last year,
which proved to be those of Gracillaria V. flava.
Mr. Bedell remarked, that though Gracillaria V. flava is very
common in wine vaults, he had always considered that the food of
its larvee was not the wine corks, but a fungus.
The President remarked, that he had found Trogosita Maurita-
nica feeding on cork.
Mr. Westwood exhibited drawings of a remarkable insect which
k .2
)xii PROCEEDINGS OF THE »*
had done much mischief to peach trees in forcing houses. It was
a small Aphis-like insect, probably in the pupa state, enclosed in
a cottony cocoon. It had, apparently, no mouth; in this respect
resembling the males of Coccus. Nothing similar, he remarked,
had yet been observed amongst the Aphide, whose pupe were
always active, and formed no cocoon.
Mr. E. Doubleday remarked, that Mr. Ingall had some time
since pointed out that the males of Lachnus Quercus had no mouth.
Mr. Bond exhibited a collection of insects formed on the Bun-
darra River, about 400 miles from Sydney, in which Mr. Westwood
pointed out some fine Pambori, two new species of Carenum, a new
species of Cerapterus, a new genus of Helopide, and many other
new or rare species.
Mr. White exhibited a specimen of a Cerapterus from Port Natal,
resembling C. Smithiz, but wanting the white spot on the elytra.
Mr. Westwood read a paper on a new genus of Helopide, for
which he proposed the name of Prophanes; also descriptions of
two new species of Carenum.
2nd April, 1849.
G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair.
DonaTIONs.
Entomologische Zeitung, for 1848. Presented by the Ento-~
mological Society of Stettin.
The Athenzeum parts for 1848, as far as September. Pre-
sented by the Editor.
Four Volumes of the Transactions of the Literary and Philo-
sophical Society of Liverpool. Presented by that Society.
A most valuable Collection of Insects from Adelaide, South
Australia. Presented by C. A. Wilson, Esq.
A Collection of British Lepidoptera. Presented by H. T.
Stainton, Esq.
Edward Newman, Esq., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Hanover Street, Rye
Lane, Peckham, and
S. J. Wilkinson, Esq., of London,
were elected members; and
James L. Michael, Esq., Red Lion Square, London ;
Mrs. Vines, Lyndhurst, Hants;
J. P. G. Smith, Esq., Liverpool ;
John F. Burton, Esq., Lincoln ;
Nicholas Cooke, Esq., Warrington ;
were elected subscribers.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixiil
Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.
Mr. Westwood read descriptions of two new genera of Coleop-
tera, for which he proposed the names of Erichsonia Dentifrons
and Cossyphodes Wollastonii; also descriptions of some new Indian
Hemiptera.
Mr. H. T. Stainton read an Inquiry from Herr Zeller on the
subject of the P. Cinaia of Linné, some doubts having been raised
as to its identity with our Melitea Cinzia. Mr. Stainton stated
that he had examined the specimen in the Linnzean Cabinet, which
is the species known to us as Melitea Cinxia, the P. Delia of the
Wiener Verzeichniss, and which still retains the label of Linné.
Mr. J. W. Douglas stated that he had recently been informed
by Mr. Doubleday that he had bred last year the rare Phoxopteris
upupana of Treitschke; and that Mr. B. Standish had last year
captured at Leith Hill the true P. Sauciana of Hubner.
Mr. J. F. Stephens exhibited a living specimen of Pyg@ra
Bucephala sent to him by Mr. Doubleday. -This specimen was
one of several which had been found last week at Epping, and
had been sent to him by Mr. Doubleday as a remarkable instance
of the early occurrence of the insect, the general time for its
appearance being June.
Mr. Westwood called the attention of the meeting to a specimen
of the rare Cerapterus Macleayw, which was amongst the insects
presented by Mr. Wilson; this species, though figured by Dono-
van some forty years ago, not having since occurred.
7th May, 1849.
G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair.
M. Chevrolat, Vice-President of the Entomological Society of
France, was present at the meeting.
DoNaATIONS.
A cabinet of seventy-four drawers. Presented by F. Bond,
Esq.
Generum et Specierum Curculionidum Catalogus. By M. H.
Jekel. Presented by the Author.
Two Copies of a Systematic Catalogue of the British Tincidz
and Pterophoride. By H. T. Stainton, Esq. Presented by the
Author.
Ixiv PROCEEDINGS OF THE
The Athenzum, from October, 1848, to April, 1849, inclusive.
Presented by the Editor.
Du Systéme Nerveux chez les Invertébrés dans ses Rapports
avec la Classification de ces Animaux. Par M. Emile Blanchard.
Presented by the Author.
. Gear, Esq., 19, Oxford Square, Hyde Park ;
. S. Gregson, Esq., Liverpool ;
. B. Labrey, Esq., Manchester ;
.H. Allis, Esq., York ;
. Brown, Esq., Burton-on-Trent ;
. F. Logan, Esq., Duddingstone ;
. Ransome, Esq., F. L. S., F. Z. S., Ipswich ;
were elected subscribers; and
Herr Zeller of Glogau was elected an Honorary Member in
the room of C. J. Schonherr, deceased.
QreHmAanRaARD
Memoirs, Exursitions, &c.
Mr. S. Stevens exhibited the section of a stem of a thistle,
showing the pupz of Oncocera Cardui embedded in the pith on
which the larve feed.
Mr. Stainton exhibited, on behalf of Mr. T. H. Allis, a box
containing many specimens of Microlepidoptera from the collection
of Haworth. These specimens had enabled him to correct some
errors and toclear up many doubts in regard to some of Haworth’s
species.
Mr. J. W. Douglas exhibited some larve of a species of Por-
rectaria on the leaves of Ballota nigra, the parenchyma of which
they eat, leaving the cuticle, thus giving the foliage a blotched
appearance. These larve inhabit cases of a black colour formed
by them from portions of the leaves, enlarging them from time to
time as their growth requires it.
Mr. Douglas stated that in the place where he had found these
larvee he had last year found Porrectaria lineola, Steph., in pro-
fusion, and he supposed that these might be the larvz of that
species.
He also exhibited a specimen of Aphelosetia rufocinerea, Steph.,
reared from a pupa which he had found last March in a web on
the stem of the common dock at New Brighton. He considered
this fact interesting, as giving a clue to the history of a species
about whose habits nothing was known, and which, though com-
mon in England, seemed unknown on the Continent.
Mr. Hogg exhibited a portion of a very large nest of the com-
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. lxv
mon wasp, Vespa vulgaris, found in the roof of his house at Nor-
ton, Durham. From its enormous size Mr. Hogg was induced
to think that it must have been the work of more than one
season.
Mr. Dallas read a paper, accompanied by a figure, on a new
Hemipterous genus, for which he proposed the name of Urochela.
Mr. J. W. Douglas read a continuation paper on the genus
Gelechia of Zeller.
Mr. Westwood called the attention of the Society to the de-
scriptions and notices which he had published in his Introduction
and in the Journal of the Proceedings of this Society for July,
1847, of a minute but singular Hymenopterous insect, parasitic in
the nests of mason bees and wasps, to which he had applied the
name of Melittobia Audouini, having at the same meeting exhibited
specimens of the insect and drawings of the structural details.
The facts and characters given in these notices were sufficient, he
said, to identify the insect and to distinguish it from every known
species of the family to which it belongs. Notwithstanding this
Mr. Newport, who was present at that meeting, had recently read
a memoir on the same insect before the Linnean Society, and had
given it the name of Anthophorabia retusa, the description of
which, however, communicated by Mr. Newport to and published
in the Gardener’s Chronicle of the 24th of March last, was per-
fectly unintelligible, six out of nine of the characters being erro-
neous. The following Mr. Westwood considered to be the essen-
tial characters of the genus, which belongs to the Chalcidide.
«* Antenne maris 9-articulatz, articulo 1mo maximo, subtus ad
apicem excavato; articulis 4to, 5to, et Gto minimis: foeminz sim-
plices 8 articulate, articulis, in utroque sexu, apicalibus clavam
ovalem formantibus. Mas omnino cecus. Foemina oculis ocel-
lisque instructa. Ale maris abbreviate, foeminz magnitudinis
ordinariz, alze vena ordinaria Eulophorum typicorum instructa.
Tarsi 4-articulati. ;
** Habitat parasitica in nidis apum caementoriarum.”
Mr. Westwood added, that in the report of the proceedings of
the Linnean Society of May Ist (in the Gardener’s Chronicle of
the 6th instant), Mr. Newport was made to state that he (Mr.
Westwood) had mistaken the antenne of the larve of the Jchneu-
monide for ocelli, the fact being that although De Geer had de-
scribed these dark points as eyes, Mr. Westwood having in view
the structure of the head in the larvee of the saw flies, which have
both eyes and ocelli, and of the aculeate Hymenoptera having
neither, had expressly guarded himself from determining their
nature, and had simply said that they resembled eyes.
Ixvi PROCEEDINGS OF THE
4th June, 1849.
G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair.
DonaTIONs.
The Transactions of the Zoological Society, Vol. 3, part 6;
and the Proceedings of that Society to December, 1848. By the
Zoological Society.
The following gentlemen were balloted for and elected :—
Francis Swanzy, Esq., of Dix Cove, as Corresponding Member ;
Joseph William Dunning, Esq., as Member; and
W. Michael, Esq., as Subscriber.
Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.
A letter from Mr. Westwood to the President was read, stating
that after an attendance of five days at the Police Court, and four
days at the Old Bailey, he had succeeded in recovering the draw-
ings and coloured patterns of plates stolen from the Society’s
rooms, and now restored them to the Society. The thief, he
added, had been transported for fourteen years. A unanimous
vote of thanks was passed to Mr. Westwood for the trouble he
had taken in this matter.
Mr. Westwood brought for distribution specimens of Jlythia
sociella, which he had reared from the pupz. He exhibited a
mass of cocoons of this species which had fallen out of a tree,
and remarked that these coverings were double, each one having
a lining, and that they were open at one end.
Mr. Westwood also exhibited specimens of Ptinus hololeucus,
received from Mr. Hart of Knightsbridge, who found them in
open jars attached to his galvanic battery, in which a strong solu-
tion of silica was operated on by a galvanic current for a lengthened
period, and Mr. Hart thought that their presence was due to
galvanic agency. Several members stated that they had seen
these beetles in houses in London, and there did not appear to be
any ground for Mr. Hart’s opinion. Mr. Westwood stated that
Acarus Crossei, whose appearance had been believed to be due to
galvanism, had been produced without galvanic power, as recorded
in the Gardener’s Chronicle long since.
Mr. Weir exhibited a collection of Lepidoptera, taken within
the previous month near Tunbridge Wells, including some rare
Tinee ; also a Lobophora polycommata, found near Lewes on the
4th of May.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixvil
Mr. Moore exhibited some eggs found on the feathers of birds
in the aviaries at Knowsley. They appeared to belong to some
unknown parasite on birds.
Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a fine bred specimen of Hypena
crassalis ; the larva had fed on Vaccinium Myrtillus.
Mr. Douglas exhibited specimens of Coccyx Strobilana, L.,
and read a note of their habits as follows :—-
“ Early in May last year Messrs. Shepherd and Waring took
this species for the first time in this country in a fir plantation a
mile and a half beyond Croydon. I made several expeditions to
the place in the hope of getting it, but without success, until on
the 19th of May last year I saw it flying in plenty round the tops
of the spruce-firs in the hot sunshine, between the hours of ten
and one, and not afterwards; but I could only capture one occa-
sionally, as it descended within reach. Later in the day I beat
the trees all round without obtaining one, hence I conclude that it
remains and breeds in the higher branches. Mr. H. Doubleday
considers, and I think correctly, that this species is the true Tinea
Strobilella of Linné. Tortrix Strobilana of Haworth is the same
as Pseudotomia fraternana of Stephens, and the Coccyx splendidu-
lana of Guénée. It resembles the present species, but is smaller,
has not so many metallic markings, and is found on oaks.”
Mr. Douglas also exhibited a specimen of Retinia Turionana
(Tinea Turionella, L.), a species very rare in this country, taken
by him from a Scotch fir at Wickham wood on the 27th of May.
He also showed a specimen of Micropteryx Allionella, Fab. ( Tinea
Ammanella, Hiib.), a species that appeared to be more common in
the north than in the south of England.
Mr. Shepherd exhibited a remarkable variety of Arctia villica,
and specimens of Coccyx Strobilana, which he had reared from
cones of spruce fir, one of which he showed. The larve had fed
in the centre, changed to pupze about two inches from the apex,
and when ready to emerge in the perfect state these had worked
their way to the exterior along the tube they had previously
formed. Mr. Stephens said the larvae, pupe, and cone were
figured in Ledermiiller’s “* Mikroskopischke Gemuths und Augen
Ergobung,” vol. ii. tab. Ixiv., published in 1762.
Mr. Westwood read descriptions of two new exotic Coleoptera.
The Secretary read a paper by Mr. Th. Desvignes on Macrus
and Coleocentrus,—two of Gravenhorst’s subgenera of Zchneumons ;
and exhibited two specimens taken by Mr. Th. Desvignes at
Vienna.
Mr. Waterhouse submitted to the meeting his descriptions of
VOL. V. ]
Ixvill PROCEEDINGS OF THE
two insects which had been placed in his hands for examination
by Mr. Spence. These insects were sent to Mr. Spence by Dr.
Davy, from the island of Barbados, where, according to the
gentleman last mentioned, they do considerable mischief,—the
one (to which the name of T7ricorynus Zee is here applied) attack-
ing the grain of the common maize; the other (Cryptorhynchus
Batate) attacking the tubers of the sweet potatoe. The small,
white, hairy larva of the former insect lives in the grain of the
maize, precisely similar to a Bruchus larva, a habit in which the
Tricorynus Zee differs much from its allies, the species of Dor-
catoma and Anobium.
Genus TricoryNnus.
Antenne ten-jointed ; basal joint large (as long as the six fol-
lowing joints taken together), and dilated at the apex ; second
joint short, obconic ; third, and four following joints, small, and
nearly cylindrical; the third is about equal in length and breadth,
the others transverse; three terminal joints large, and much
dilated, on the inner side, the last joint elongated, rounded at the
apex, and gradually contracted in width towards the opposite ex-
tremity ; the two preceding joints nearly triangular. Pa/pi short,
with the terminal joint somewhat dilated at the extremity, and
truncated. Legs and tarsi simple; the tarsi small, short, 5-jointed ;
the basal joint the largest, the remaining joints successively smaller ;
claws minute. Head large, bent downwards; eyes nearly round,
being but indistinctly emarginated in front. Thorax transverse,
trisinuated behind; posterior angles rounded; the anterior sub-
acute. 5 pat
| Tricorynus Zee.
Brown, or pitchy black, imperfectly covered with an exceed-
ingly fine ashy pubescence ; antennz and legs pitchy red; thorax
transverse, posteriorly equal to the elytra in width, anteriorly
much contracted ; elytra rather longer than broad; the basal half
with the sides parallel, the apical portion rounded ; two or three
faint striz are observable near the lateral margin of each elytron,
beyond this there is no sculpturing.
Length 1# to 2 lines.
This insect greatly resembles certain species of Dorcatoma in
most of its characters, but differs in having ten, instead of nine,
joints to the antenna; it is rather larger than the Ochina ptinoides,
and is proportionately broader, and not quite so convex.
M. Chevrolat, to whom I exhibited this insect, said he thought
it was identical with Dejean’s Dorcatoma Muserum.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. ]xix
Cryptorhynchus Batate.
Cr. oblongo-ovatus, nigro-piceus, squamosus, supra spinulis
erectis nigris et pallidis obsitus; rostro brevi, crasso, arcuato,
ruguloso-punctato, carinato; dhorace rugoso-punctato, setis (ple-
rumque nigris) obsito, postice squamulis flavidis marginato, dorso
linea, punctisque parvulis, albis, notato; elytrzs ocellato-punctato-
striatis, interstitiis fere planis, fusco, nigro, alboque variegatis,
plaga communi, transversa, sordidé alba, subapicali, ornatis ;
JSemoribus indistinctée dentatis ; scuted/o minutissimo.
Long. corp. 2 lin.
Hab. Barbados.
This is a minute species of Cryptorhynchus, and differs some-
what from the type of the genus—if we regard the Cr. Lapathi as
such—though not sufficiently, as it appears to me, to require
removal from that section. Its form is more elongated, and its
scutellum is so minute as to require the aid of a strong lens to
detect it; the insect nevertheless has well developed wings: the
rostrum is stouter, and subdepressed, and is inserted in a very
deep rostral groove, which terminates between the coxz of the
anterior pair of legs; the scape of the antenne is shorter and
stouter, the basal joint of the funiculus is also stouter, the second
joint is of an elongate obconic form, the remaining joints are also
obconic, but very short; the club is tolerably developed, and
of a short ovate form; the femora are rather less stout, and very
indistinctly toothed beneath.
‘The head is covered chiefly with pale scales, but has two black
spots; the thorax is rather broader than long, rather suddenly
contracted in width from the middle to the fore part, and with the
lateral margins of the hinder half nearly parallel, being very slightly
rounded ; the upper surface is densely beset with short, stiff, erect
bristles, which are most of them black, but some few are white,
and are aggregated in parts so as to form small spots and a white
mesial line; the hinder margin is clothed with orange-yellow scales,
and these form a small spot near the scutellum. The elytra are
more than three times the length of the thorax, and about half as
wide again, the humeral angle is rounded, the sides nearly parallel,
except towards the apex, where they are rather suddenly con-
tracted, and obtusely rounded: they are covered with scales, some
of which are dirty white, others brown, and others black, producing
a variegated appearance ; in each of the tolerably large punctures
of the strize is a white scale: on the fourth interstice from the su-
ture is a small white spot, which is rather more conspicuous than
Ixx PROCEEDINGS OF THE
others ; it is situated above the middle of the elytron, and at a
short distance from the apex of the elytra is a conspicuous trans-
verse dirty white patch, in which is a waved black line. Besides
the scales there are scattered dark and pale hairs on the elytra.
On the under parts of the insect are scattered pale scales. The
limbs are clothed with setiform scales, most of which are pale.
Mr. Bond said, that he wished to put collectors on their guard,
as a dealer was selling pupe of Deilephila Galu as British, which
there was good reason to believe had been imported from the
continent.
July 2, 1849.
G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair.
DownatTIONs.
On the Animals still found in a living State in the Stomachs of
Oysters. By the Rev. J. B. Reade. Presented by the Author.
Observations on the Application of Electricity, Galvanism and
Electro-Magnetism, as Auxiliaries to Medicine and Surgery; and
On the Closure or Obstruction of the Eustachian Tube. Both
presented by the Author, Mr. Wright.
Five of the publications of the Société de Physique et des
Sciences Naturelles, of Lyons. Presented by that Society.
A large collection of Java insects, from Mrs. Hofland, of Java.
Presented through Wm. Spence, Esq.
The thanks of the Society were given to the respective donors.
James B. Ellman, of Rye,
R. A. Ogilvie, of London,
James Bladon, of Pont-y-Pool, and
G. M. Salt, of Shrewsbury, Esqrs.,
were balloted for and elected Subscribers.
Exursitions, Memoirs, &c.
Mr. Weir exhibited specimens of Gelechia Lappella, bred from
burdock heads; Antithesia Capreana, reared from sallow leaves ;
and Sericoris signatana, which appeared in a cage containing leaves
from several plants. Mr. Douglas observed, that the breeding of
G. Lappella was particularly interesting, inasmuch as a doubt had
arisen whether this species—which was identical with Recurvaria
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. xxi
silacea of Haworth and the Cleodora silacella of Stephens — was
the same as R. silacea, var. 3. of Haworth (Cleodora falciformis
of Stephens, G. paucipunctella of Zeller); and as Mr. Weir had
reared but this one species from burdock heads, and the observa-
tions of continental Entomologists, as communicated by Herr Zeller,
went to prove that Lappella and paucipunctella were distinct spe-
cies, the opinion of Mr. Stainton that they were not different was
erroneous. Mr. Stainton said he was convinced, and withdrew
what he himself had called his ‘ bold assertion.”
Mr. Wing exhibited specimens of Depressaria conterminella, bred
from osier leaves.
Mr. W. Michael exhibited a fine Deilephila Euphorbie taken at
Caen Wood on the 22nd June.
Mr. S. Stevens exhibited several species of Lepidoptera taken
about St. Osyth, in Essex, including an apparently new Lozotenia ;
also several species found on the coast beyond Southend, including
Gelechia pictella and a new Psyche,—the same as found in the Isle
of Sheppy by Mr. Ingall, and which Mr. Newman had proposed
to call retiella.
Mr. Stainton exhibited a species of Tineide new to Britain,
(Nepticula argyropeza of Zeller,) taken near Sheffield, and an
Aichmia from West Wickham wood. He also exhibited, from the
collection of Mr. Allis, Argyresthia Sorbiella, taken on mountain
ash, and a new Tinea allied to masculella.
Mr. Bond exhibited some Coleopterous Jarvee which had caused
great destruction among the tares, at Newton, in Cambridgeshire.
He also said a specimen of Nascia citialis had been found in the
same locality,—a species which had remained unique since first
taken by the Rev. G. Blunt, many years since.
Mr. Westwood exhibited four species of Pausside from Port
Natal; also an Elater from Italy, brought thence by Mr. Fortnum,
who had remarked quantities of males attracted to and flying round
a female, after the manner of Bombyces.
The President had once observed several males of Ptenicerus
sanguinicollis, fully developed, under the bark of a tree, but not
one female was visible, until he found some deep in the wood,
and which, although mature, not having emerged into activity,
the males appeared to be waiting for.
Mr. Westwood exhibited a piece of pound-cake infested to the
centre with Myrmica domestica, and it was remarkable that at this
season, when swarms of winged females appeared, all those herein
were apterous.
Mr. Westwood also exhibited a box containing a collection of
Ixxil PROCEEDINGS OF THE
anglers’ flies, arranged according to the times of their appearance.
It was interesting to find that the ‘gray drake” and “ green drake”
were but sexes of one species, and to be able to identify the species
of the ‘stone flies.”
Mr. Westwood showed some flies and their eggs, part of a cluster
of sixty or seventy found in a tuft of hawthorn, about twelve miles
from Derby, and sent to him by Mr. Spencer, who had remarked
that each fly seemed to remain as a protector over the eggs it had
deposited. They were identified as Atheryx Ibis.
A letter to Mr. Westwood, from Colonel Hearsey, now in India,
was read, detailing, among other interesting matters, some ento-
mological observations that his constant occupation with military
duties had not hindered him from making.
The following observations on the influence of slight changes
of temperature on butterflies, by John Davy, Esq., M.D., F.R.S.,
&c., in a letter addressed to W. Spence, Esq., were read :—
«« Lesketh How, Ambleside,
June 16th, 1849.
“¢ My dear Sir,—It was from you I learnt that no exact ther-
mometrical observations had yet been published on the degrees of
temperature at which hybernating insects, or those having pro-
perties analogous, pass from a torpid to an active state, and
consequently, that a record of any such observations, made with
exactness, would not be devoid of interest.
“The observations which I have hitherto made on this subject
have been chiefly confined to two species of butterfly, viz. Vanessa
Urtice and Io. ‘These I shall briefly relate.
‘“ The first-named butterfly I found active within doors in a
window on the 18th of last March, when the weather was unsually
mild for the season. It was in untarnished beauty, as if fresh from its
puparium. It was placed in a thin glass vessel, and lightly covered
with paper, so as to prevent its flight, and yet allow of a sufficient
access of air. ‘Thus confined, it was put into a dark cupboard, the
temperature of which, even when there was a fire in the room,
was below 60° Fahrenheit. It remained alive about a month, and
during that time it was observed almost daily, and occasionally
oftener,—two or three times in the same day, and its place
changed. The following are the only notes that were taken down,
showing the effects of changes of temperature, in rendering it ac-
tive from being torpid, and vice versd.
‘«* April 11th.—Since first taken it has been found torpid at 58°,
as if dead, showing no indications of life even when shaken; at
64°, or thereabouts, it has become active, and that even when
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixxili
brought from darkness into an obscure light,—the mere degree
of light, apart from heat, seeming to have little effect: replaced
where the temperature was about 58°, and observed an hour or
two afterwards, it was found to have resumed its torpid state.
* April 14,—Found it standing, risen from having been recum-
bent on its side, but not active ; temperature of the dark cupboard
then 59°.
“ April 18.—At 60° it was torpid: it seemed indeed dead, and
showed no signs of life till the temperature was raised to about
75° by placing it on a stove; after a few minutes at this tempera-
ture it exhibited marks of languid life, by a tremulous motion and
partial opening of its wings. Two days later it was found dead.
** Another butterfly of the same kind was found active on the
28th of April, at a temperature of 62°. It became torpid at 56°.
“* May Ist.—It was found torpid at 58°; it became active at
63°, On the following day it was not roused by a temperature of
95°; it was dead.
«A Vanessa Jo was found torpid on a garden walk, when the
temperature on the 29th of April (the morning of the day on which
it was found) must have been below 40°; was placed under the
same circumstances for observation.
“On the 2nd of May it was torpid at 59°: after ten minutes at
66° it became active.
“ May 4th.—Torpid at 62° in the dark; after a few minutes’
exposure to a temperature of 67° in light it became active.
“ May 11th.—Torpid at 57°; slightly active at 63°; became
again torpid by a reduction of temperature to about 60°.
“ May 13th.—Torpid at 57°; on exposure to a dull light at
61° it rose on its feet, before recumbent on its side, showing when
thus standing only slight marks of vitality ; yet ina few minutes,
after gently touching its antennz, and breathing on it, it became
pretty active.
“* May 15th.—Torpid at 58° in the dark; became active in a
few minutes at 62° in a dull light, the sky being overcast. Two
days after it was found dead at a temperature of 59°, its wings
expanded, seeming to denote that it had not died in a torpid
state.
“In describing the above observations I have used the word
torpid rather than a state of sleep, from the belief that the butter-
flies, the subjects of them, were, when motionless, not under the
influence of sleep, but of that kind of torpor to which certain
animals are subject in their hybernating condition,—one in which
the vital functions are all but suspended, and in consequence the
Ixxiv PROCEEDINGS OF THE
corporeal waste is very small,—permitting retention of life without
the use of food,—the object, no doubt, for which the hybernating
faculty is by nature intended. All that came under my notice in the
instances of these butterflies seemed to accord with this view, such
as the rapid transition from activity of organs to rest, and that so
perfect, as to simulate death on reduction of a few degrees of
temperature ; and the length of time life was sustained without
the support of food, that is, compared with the time insects of the
same family live at a high and uniform temperature in a state not
of torpor, when confined and deprived of food: thus, in Barbados,
butterflies so confined I have commonly found dead in two or
three days.
* It is my intention, if leisure and opportunities permit, to pro-
secute the subject further, and to make some experiments on the
effects of gasses not capable of supporting life on such insects
which seem to have the power of hybernating. Should the results
be at all decisive, I shall have pleasure in communicating them to
you, to dispose of like the present, as you may think best.
“ T am, my dear Sir,
Yours very truly,
J. Davy.”
6th August, 1849.
J. F. Stephens, Esq., F.L.S., Vice-President in the Chair,
DonatIoNs.
A quantity of interesting insects of India, collected and pre-
sented by Captain Hutton.
A specimen of Sirex gigas, found boring in wood. Presented
by Mr. Lamb, Hurstbourne Park, Whitchurch, Hants.
Six specimens of Lixus angustatus, from Hastings, and Har-
palus tardus ? from near Northampton. Presented by the Rev.
Hamlet Clark.
A Memoir on the Circulation in the Larve of Insects, by
M. Verloren, Docteur-en-Sciences, Utrecht. Presented by the
Author.
Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists’ Field-Club, vol. i.
part 3. Presented by the Club.
Nya Svenska Homoptera beskrifna, af Carl H. Boheman,
Presented by the Author.
=
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixxv
Entomologische Zeitung, February to June. Presented by the
Entomological Society of Stettin.
The Zoologist, January to June. Presented by Edward New-
man, Esq.
Nine portraits of living naturalists. Presented by G. Ransome,
Esq., Ipswich.
Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society, vol. x. part 1.
Presented by that Society.
The thanks of the Society were returned for these presents to
the respective Donors.
F. Barlow, Esq., of Cambridge, was elected a Subscriber.
Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.
Mr. Bond exhibited Chilo gigantellus, W. V. (punctigerellus,
Steph.), Chilo mucronellus, Nascia cilialis, Zeuzera Arundinis,
male, Harpalyce sagittata, and an unknown Eupithecia, all taken
in the fens of Huntingdonshire and Cambridgeshire.
Mr. Shepherd exhibited some rare Lepidoptera from Yaxley,
including Zeuzera Arundinis, female, Recurvaria falciformis of
Haworth, Tinea Monachella, and several new or rare species of
Micro- Lepidoptera ; also Lithosia pygmeola, taken at Deal.
Mr. Samuel Stevens exhibited several interesting Tortrices and
Tinee, taken near London, or bred from larvee; the latter mostly
found on sallows at Wimbledon Common.
Mr. Smith exhibited a collection of Hymenoptera, taken near
London, including Allantus dispar, Melecta Atropos, all the four
British species of Saropode@, and Miscophus bicolor, male ; also
five specimens of Osmia pilicornis—the new species described by
Mr. Smith—from Birch Wood.
Mr. Westwood exhibited the larve of a Proctotrupes, found
parasitic in the larva of a Harpalus.
Mr. Douglas exhibited a collection of Lepidoptera he had taken
near Weymouth, in July, including Pamphila Acteon from the
Burning Cliff, Margaritia longipedalis, Gelechia obsoletella, ¥.v. R.,
and Homeosoma nimbella? near Sandsfoot Castle; also Margaritia
asinalis, M. flavalis, M. ochrealis, Emmelesia rusticata, Ptycho-
poda degeneraria (two), Pempelia carnella, Gelechia cinerella, and
other rarities from the Isle of Portland.
Mr. Westwood exhibited some interesting insects received from
M. Reich, including several rarities from New Holland, and three
new Pausside from Africa.
VOL, V. m
Ixxvi PROCEEDINGS OF THE
Mr. S. Saunders exhibited insects from Greece and Albania,
including a new genus of Strepsipltera parasitic upon a species of
Hyleus, being the first instance known of this genus of bees being
so affected. Mr. Saunders stated that he kept a specimen of
Parmena fasciata alive for two months without food.
Mr. S. Stevens exhibited Hectera Esmeralda, which he had
received from Mr. Wallace, now at Para.
A paper on two new exotic Hymenoptera, with figures of the
insects, by Mr. Smith, was read.
Notes by Captain Hutton, on some of the insects sent by him
to the Society, were read.
Mr. Westwood mentioned that the Rev. F. W. Hope had pre-
sented his library and collections to the University of Oxford, in
aid of the movement now making by the University to encourage
the study of the natural sciences.
3rd September, 1849.
G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair.
Donations.
Entomologische Zeitung, for July; by the Entomological So-
ciety of Stettin.
The Zoologist, July to September. By Edward Newman,
Esq.
Reports of the Smithsonian Institution, to January, 1849, and
vol. i. of the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. By the
Smithsonian Institution.
Reports of the Council and Auditors of the Zoological Society.
By that Society.
Six specimens of Peronea permutana. By C.8. Gregson, Esq.,
by whom they were captured at New Brighton, Cheshire.
The thanks of the Society were given to the respective Donors.
Henry Ingall, Esq., Glengall Grove, Old Kent Road, was
elected a Subscriber.
Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.
Mr. 8. Stevens exhibited some rare insects taken at Dover and
Deal, including Gelechia Neuropterella, Lixus bicolor (alive) from
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixxvil
the sand-hills, and Choragus Sheppardi from dead wood in hedges ;
also Sitaris humeralis, found on the wall of his own garden at
Hammersmith,
Mr. F. Smith exhibited some cells apparently formed of clay,
made by Geotrupes stercorarius.
Mr. Westwood exhibited specimens of a species of Aphis, which
he had described in the Gardener’s Chronicle under the name
of Pemphigus Lactuce. It had recently destroyed whole beds of
lettuces, in various parts of England, by feeding on the roots of
the plants. He also exhibited a living Sirex Juvencus, and noticed
its bold attitude when disturbed, likewise the adaptation of its
limbs for progressive motion in a cylindrical burrow. He also
exhibited a piece of wood with several of the burrows formed by
this species, a specimen of which just developed was seen-in one
of them; in another burrow was a living larva; specimens of
Sirex gigas had been produced from the same piece of wood,
which was forwarded by Mr. Lamb from Hampshire. He also
exhibited specimens of Scleroderma, male, with drawings and
dissections, from which and the observations of 8. Saunders, Esq.,
by whom they were captured in Albania, it was proved that the
insects, doubtfully described by Mr, Westwood in the second
volume of the Entomological Society’s Transactions as the males
of Scleroderma, do not belong to that genus. He likewise showed
specimens of the rare Australian Paragia tricolor (from his own
collection), described by Mr. Smith at the August meeting, upon
the relation of which to the aberrant Vespid@ he made some ob-
servations. Also specimens, with drawings and dissections, of
two species of a new Australian genus of bees allied to Colletes
and Hylus (from his own collection), one species of which Mr.
F. Smith stated was in the collection of the British Museum, from
which collection he had described it. Also a larva of one of the
larger Harpalide, which had been destroyed by the larve of a
parasitic Proctotrupes, about thirty of which had burst out of its
body in various parts, and had then become naked pupz, attached
by the extremity of their bodies to their dead victim.
Mr. Shepherd exhibited a living larva of Anesychia dodecea,
from Darenth Wood; also Crambus aridellus, female, Oncocera
lotella, Depressaria nanatella, and other rare Lepidoptera, from
Deal.
Mr. Stainton read a paper “On the Laws regulating Entomo-
logical Nomenclature,” of which the following is an extract :-—
‘In nomenclature it is of the greatest importance that entomo-
logists be unanimous, for if each one choose to call one insect by
m 2
Ixxvill PROCEEDINGS OF THE
a different name, and persist in so calling it, what an endless con-
fusion must arise!
“Let us examine a little what are the fundamental laws of
entomological nomenclature.
«I, The name first given to an insect by printed publication is
always that which is to be retained.
«As a general law this is not denied; indeed it is the funda-
mental rule in all branches of Natural History; but there are
certain exceptions raised to this rule by some Lepidopterologists.
“Ist. That a name, if erroneously given or ungrammatically
constructed, may be amended or changed.
“2nd. That no two species of the same main group should
bear the same specific name.
“3rd. That the name of a Geometra must end in aria, of a
Pyralis in alis, of a Tortrix in ana, of a Tinea in ella.
‘“‘ We will examine these three exceptions seriatim.
“Ist. d name, if erroneously given or ungrammatically con-
structed, may be amended or changed.
‘‘ Thus, as the Linnean 7inea Padella does not feed on Prunus
padus, and another allied species does feed on it, two eminent
German Lepidopterologists have conceived themselves at liberty
to change its name, and while one calls it agnatella, the other
calls it variabilis. Herein both are manifestly wrong; and I be-
lieve all Entomologists will agree with me, that to change a name
because it is iIncorrect,—whether, as in this instance, from its
implying a habit which the insect does not possess,—whether
from its not possessing some peculiar termination,—or whether
from its being erroneously or ungrammatically constructed,—is to
enter an interminable waste of complexity ; for how are persons
to be persuaded to agree as to what constitutes an incorrectness ?
The meaning or formation of a name is of incomparably less im-
portance than the acceptance of the name itself, the change of a
name being a greater evil than the currency of one erroneously or
ungrammatically constructed.
* 2nd. No two species in the same main group should bear the
same specific name.
“7 ask why? and am told it creates confusion. Are, then,
Lepidopterists so much more subject to be confused by repetition
of names than students in other branches of Natural History? In
Botany have we not, for instance, an alpina in numberless genera?
and is it not simpler for the memory to retain this name than if
we had a different specific name in each genus, intended to desig-
nate an alpine habitat for the plant? And turning to insects, how
=“
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixxix
often in Coleoptera do brevipes, rufipes, &c., occur in the same
main groups!
‘Yet it creates confusion to have a Peronea rufana and a Car-
pocapsa rufana, and the Jatter must change its name and become
Westnoodiana! How do we know it will retain that name?
Perchance, before the publication of that name, a Lepidopterist in
New York, Sydney, Calcutta or Kamschatka, has described an
Eupecilia by the name of Westwoodiana; a new name is then
selected for the unfortunate Carpocapsa, which might perhaps
again have to undergo the same fate; in short, the poor insect
seems likely never to attain that essential requisite, a fixed name,
—when lo! a fortunate chance enables a Swedish student to re-
cognize as a Linnean species the Peronea rufana, W. V. Of
course this rwfana is now dropped for the older name, and the
unfortunate Carpocapsa is allowed quietly to regain its cast-off
clothing.
“IT now ask which creates most confusion ?
“But why should there be more confusion between Peronea
rufana and Carpocapsa rufana than between Pieris Crategi and
Trichiura Crategi, or between Thecla Quercts, Smerinthus Quercts
and Lasiocampa Quercés ? I am told that the limits of our genera
are so uncertain that Peronea rufana and Carpocapsa rufana might
be placed in the same genus. Well! when that does happen it
will be time enough to change one of them; to change it on the
mere contingency is making present confusion to prevent some
future confusion, which may perhaps never come to pass.
* 3rd. The name of a Geometra must end in aria, of a Pyralis in
alis, of a Tortrix in ana, of a Tinea in ella.
“Well! this is creeping into a corner with a vengeance: we
begin with a rule general to all branches of Natural History; to
this one objection is raised, applying only to one order of insects ;
and here we have another objection, actually applying to only a
portion of that one order. Truly this absurdity has no limits!
“* Now I confess myself at a loss how to argue this last point,
for I have in vain applied for a reason for this objection, and the
only reply that I have ever yet been able to get is, that it 1s con-
venient by the termination to know at once to what group an
insect belongs: then why not apply it to the other groups?
Moreover, if alis implies a Pyralis, what is Bombycia viminalis ?
If anus, ana, implies a Toririz, what are Pamphila sylvanus, Nu-
daria mundana and Lithosia complana? If ellus, ella, implies a
Tinea, what are Deilephila porcellus, Deiopeia pulchella, Cybosia
mesomella and Setina irrorella ?
Ixxx PROCEEDINGS OF THE
“T should have imagined that the advocates of this system of
uniformity might have quoted the example of Linnzeus; but he
had two terminations for the Geometre,—aria and ata,—and as
the objectors of the present day have thought fit to change all his
ata’s into aria’s, not even being aroused from the folly of their
theory by the fact of Prunata of Linnzus becoming thereby a
dropped name, there being already a Prunaria, they cannot quote
his example as any argument on their side; and it does not appear
that Linnzeus laid down any rules on this subject; he merely gave
to his Geometre with pectinated antenne the termination aria,—
to those with simple antennz the termination ata,—to the Pyrales
the termination alis,—to the Tortrices the termination ana,—and
to the Zinee the termination ella; but that he intended these
rules to be so rigid that an insect named as a Timea should, on
being found to be a Tortrix, change its termination, we are surely
not warranted to believe. Why should not Pomonella and Tu-
rionella retain the names that Linnzeus gave them? Moreover, if
Turionella becomes—as a Tortrix—Turionana, what becomes of
its parasite, Jchneumon Turionelle ? Besides the last innovation,
the change of the ata’s into aria’s has been of such recent occur-
rence, that if tamely submitted to as an inevitable infliction, it will
probably tempt some future writer to give uniform terminations
to the Noctue or other groups of the Lepidoptera.
* The second fundamental law of Entomological nomenclature
is—
‘‘ II. No two species in the same genus should bear the same
specific name.
* T am told this is a truism, and needs no argument; but unless
it is adopted, and the first primary law only is considered, we
should be obliged to restore to (Depressaria) Hypericella, Hbn.,
the older name of Liturella, Hbn., there being already a Liturella,
W.V., in the genus Depressaria: in fact, this law is the only ad-
missible exception to the first law.
* Since writing the above, my attention has been called to a
‘ Report on the Laws of Zoological Nomenclature,’ published in
the “ Proceedings of the British Association,’ in 1842, and I find
that the following rules were there laid down.
“© 1, The name originally given by the founder of a group or
the describer of a species should be permanently retained, to the
exclusion of all subsequent synonyms (with the exceptions about
to be noticed).
“2, The binomial nomenclature having originated with Linnzus,
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixxxi
the law of priority in respect to nomenclature is not to extend to
the writings of antecedent authors.
“10. A name should be changed which has before been pro-
posed for some other genus in Zoology or Botany, or for some
other species in the same genus, when still retained for such genus
or species.
“11, A name may be changed when it implies a false proposi-
tion which is likely to propagate important errors.
«© 12, A name which has never been clearly defined in some
published work should be changed for the earliest name by which
the object shall have been so defined.
“13. A new specific name must be given to a species when
its old name has been adopted for a genus which includes that
species,
“14, In writing Zoological names, the rules of Latin orthogra-
phy must be adhered to.
‘“‘ Of these rules, the first two will be unhesitatingly assented to
as axioms. Rules 3 to 9 inclusive are applicable to genera only,
not to species, and thus do not come within the limits of my pre-
sent inquiry. Rule 10 is identical with my second law, ‘that no
two species in the same genus should bear the same specific name.’
Rule 11 is the first from which I dissent, ‘a name may be changed
when it implies a false proposition which is likely to propagate
important errors.’ This, we are told, ‘is a concession to human
infirmity,’ but I beg leave to decline this concession. The report
adds, ‘Instances of this kind are indeed very rare, and in some
eases, such as that of Monodon, Caprimulgus, Paradisea apoda and
Monoculus, they have acquired sufficient currency no longer to
cause errors, and are therefore retained without change. But
when we find a Batrachian reptile named, in violation of its true
affinities, Mastodon saurus, a Mexican species termed (through
erroneous information of its habitat) Picus cafer, or an olive-
coloured one Muscicapa atra,—or when a name is derived from
an accidental monstrosity, as in Picus semirostris of Linnaeus and
Helix disjuncta of Turton, we feel justified in cancelling these
names, and adopting that synonym which stands next in point of
date.’ And again, ‘ At the same time we think it right to remark
that this privilege is very liable to abuse, and ought therefore to
be applied only to extreme cases, and with great caution. With
these limitations we may concede that a name may -be changed
when it implies a false proposition which is likely to propagate
important errors.’ In the first place, there is here no positive rule
laid down; and unless a rule is fixed and definite, of what use is
Ixxxil PROCEEDINGS OF THE
it? In the second place, who is to decide when a name is or is
not likely to propagate important errors? A very large propor-
tion of insects are named after plants on which they do not feed :
but as a name is not meant to be a description, why change it
because if viewed as a description it is found incorrect. Rule 12,
which throws down manuscript names, or names published in a
Catalogue (without any description), is a regulation quite in ac-
cordance with my own views. Rule 13 having been generally
adopted in past cases, and being not likely to be called into use in
future, may safely be conceded: thus, instead of Cossus cossus, L.,
we say Cossus Ligniperda, F. Rule 14, ‘ In writing Zoological
names the rules of Latin orthography must be adhered to.’ This
is a very good rule for authors to observe, but of doubtful appli-
cability to the past, especially when we find it recommended that
‘ when a name has been erroneously written, and its orthography
afterwards amended, we conceive that the authority of the original
author should still be retained for the name, and not that of the
person who makes the correction.’ Are we then to say Sulzeriella
of Linnzeus, Christiernini of Linneeus, Tapetiella of Linnzeus, such
names not occurring in Linneeus at all? instead of Sulzella, Chris-
teernana, Tapezella: surely this would be making confusion, not
lessening it.
“IT cannot conclude this paper without a few words in reply to
the facetious remarks of the Editor of the ‘ Zoologist,’ (Zool. 2549).
He states that the novelties in the laws to which his remarks refer
will not be attended to: now I utterly deny that they contain any
novelties. Let us see if we can find one. Is it in Law No. l,
that ‘the name first given to an insect by printed publication is
always that which is to be retained’? Surely this is no novelty ;
for I observe in the ‘ Zoologist,’ (Zool. 2136), the words, ‘I can-
not pronounce too emphatically that priority is the only law I can
ever consent to acknowledge in the nomenclature of species,’ and
they are followed by the signature, ‘ Edward Newman.’ Is the
novelty in Law No. 2, that ‘ No two species in the same genus
should bear the same specific name’? Having been told by so
many parties that is an axiom and a truism, I cannot surely believe
there is any novelty in it. Law No. 3 is no new law, but merely
a deduction from Law No.1; and any one fully granting Law
No. } cannot dispute this law. The writer further adds, that in
these laws ‘there are: good points, but none of these have the
charm of novelty, neither do they require re-enactment.’ It must
surely have escaped his notice, perhaps in the hurry of the moment,
that an attempt is being made to supersede the law of priority in
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixxxill
certain groups of Lepidoptera, by a law (by many people considered
a novelty) of uniform terminations: I and others, therefore, deemed
it necessary to remind the authors of this crotchet of the law of
priority, by proposing to re-enact it.”
Mr. Westwood said he was opposed to the rigid adoption of
uniform terminations of names, and he respected the law of priority
of name generally, but he thought that a name might be changed
with advantage if it gave a wrong idea of the food of an insect.
Thus, he would substitute Rosana for Quercana if an insect so
named were found to feed on the rose and not on the oak.
The President thought uniform terminations of names not im-
portant, and there was no rule laid down for them, but as their
use in certain groups had become common it might be as well'to
continue the practice. He also thought that the rule of priority
ought to be observed, but he would except cases of manifest
orthographical error, and such names as would give a wrong idea
of the geography of species.
Mr. Douglas thought that the adoption of uniform terminations
to specific names in a portion of one order was unphilosophical
and puerile. With reference to the objections of Messrs. West-
wood and Waterhouse, that a name conveying a wrong idea of
habit or country should be altered, he did not see much force in
them, because the student of Natural History—the only person to
whom such a thing could be deemed to be of importance—would
always look farther than the name; and as every Entomologist
might have an objection to raise if these were allowed, none what-
ever should be admitted, but the law of priority held inviolable.
Mr. Westwood stated, with reference to an inquiry in the
“ Zoologist” as to the best pins for Micro-Lepidoptera, that Sena-
tor Van Heyden used very fine silver wire, the chief advantage
of which was its non-liability to corrosion.
A conversation then arose on the subject of setting Micro-
Lepidoptera flat, in the course of which Mr. Westwood said the
flat was preferable to the deflected method in other orders besides
Lepidoptera, and that Mr. Shuckard had long since shown how
much better the characters of the wings of Hymenoptera were ex-
hibited if they were in a horizontal position.
Ixxxiv PROCEEDINGS OF THE
1st October, 1849.
H. T. Stainton, Esq., in the Chair.
DonatTIONs.
The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered
to be given to the respective Donors thereof.
Catalogue of the Calcutta Public Library.
Report of the Librarian of the same, for 1847 and 1848. Pre-
sented by the Curators of that library.
“The Athenzum,” for May, June, July and August. Pre-
sented by the Editor.
Six specimens of Agrophila sulphuralis, from Brandon, Suffolk.
Presented by Mr. Dunning.
The following gentlemen were elected Corresponding Members
of the Society :
E. Goding, Esq., M.D., Barbadoes.
R. B. Walcott, Esq., M.D., Barbadoes.
Grant Thomas, Esq., Barbadoes.
Daniel Blair, Esq., Surgeon-General, British Guiana.
Captain Hamilton, Madras,
Exurtsitions, Memorrs, &c.
Mr. Stainton exhibited a small species of Tineide, of remark-
able structure, new to Britain, communicated by Mr. Henry
Doubleday.
Mr. Westwood stated, that the species of Aphides found on the
lettuce, recently described by him under the name of Pemphigus
Lactuce, had been previously noticed by Sir O. Mosley in the
Gardener’s Chronicle, and by the Rev. L. Jenyns in his Obser-
vations on Natural History.
A specimen of Cosmopteryx pedella, Linn. (angustipennella,
Hiubner,) a species of 7imeid@ new to this country, was exhibited
on the part of Mr. Dunning, from Brandon, Suffolk.
Messrs. Michael, G. Ingall and H. Ingall, having been pre-
viously elected Subscribers, signed the obligation-book of the So-
ciety, and were admitted by the Chairman.
Mr. Dallas read the continuation of a paper on the Hemiptera
of Boutan, in the East Indies; and Mr. Westwood read a paper
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixxxv
containing descriptions of various new exotic Diptera, including a
species of the remarkable genus Achias, from India.
November 5, 1849.
G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair.
Donations.
The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered
to be given to the respective Donors :
Ten portraits of modern naturalists. Presented by G. Ran-
some, Esq. of Ipswich.
Kaferfauna der Preuszischen Rheinlande, vol. i., 8vo. Pre-
sented by M. Bach, the author.
Insectes Coléopteres de la Sibérie Orientale nouveaux ou peu
connus. Presented by M. le Comte Mannerheim, the author.
Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de
Genéve, tom. xii. partie Ire.
Observations Astronomiques faites dans 1847 et 1848, a l’Ob-
servatoire de Genéve, Supp. 1 et 2. Presented by the Société de
Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de Genéve.
Exuisitions, Memorrs, &c.
Mr. Bond exhibited bred specimens of Chilo gigantellus (male
and female), two singular varieties of Nonagria Typhe, and three
new Tineide.
Mr. Ingpen exhibited some fossil wings of insects, chiefly
Phryganeide, from the insect-limestone of Gloucestershire.
Mr. Stainton exhibited Argyresthia Spiniella, Zeller, and A.
amiantella, Z.? observing that in the latter the palpi were much
longer than in Ocnerostoma Piniariella, which in appearance it
much resembled. The former of these species was taken by
Mr, Stainton, at Torwood, in Stirlingshire; the latter by Mr.
Dunning, at Brandon. He also exhibited a leaf of the sallow
rolled up by the larva of Gracillaria stigmatella; leaves of Hype-
“ricum pulchrum rolled up by Gracillaria auroguttella? ; pupee of
Lithocolletis Schreberella in leaves of elm, and of L. Alnifoliella,
six in one leaf of alder: he observed, that as alders grow in wet
places, the leaves would fall in many instances into water, and
Ixxxvi PROCEEDINGS OF THE
the pups existing in them between the cuticles be destroyed,
which would account for the comparative rarity of the perfect
insect.
Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a living specimen of Lamia teztor,
found by Mr. Barton in an osier bed, near Bristol, and fed for
two months on osier leaves.
Mr. W. W. Saunders exhibited some tobacco, imported in
bales from South America, which had been fed upon by the larvee
of Lasioderma testaceum, Steph. He observed that only the thin
portions of the leaf were eaten, and that the amount of damage
done to the tobacco was considerable. It was noticed that the
destructive qualities of this Lastoderma to capsicum and shumac
had been exhibited to the Society in 1847, and that the species
had a wide range of food.
Mr. Shepherd exhibited a long series of Peronea tristana, Hib.,
bred from larvee found on Viburnum Lantana. This species has
been known in our collections under the names of trigonana,
plumbosana, Boscana and Logiana, all of which it was now shown
were but varieties of one species. It was also interesting to find
that there was not among them any of the varieties of ferrugana,
W. V. (gnomana, Haw.), which is considered on the Continent to
be synonymous with tristana, Hub.
Captain Parry exhibited a box of splendid insects from Cay-
enne.
Mr. Douglas exhibited a fine Dedlephila Celerio, found by a
child in a garden at Folkestone, on 23rd October; also several
Tineide, beaten out of thatch in the neighbourhood of Folkestone:
the most worthy of note were Gelechia vilella, Depressaria rolun-
della, D. depressana, Fab. (Bluntu, Curtis), D. ultimella and sub-
propinquella.
Mr. Westwood exhibited, from the collection of Mr. Melly,
some small Coleoptera from Melbourne, South Australia, including
ten species of Pselaphide, one of which appeared to be of the
genus Articerus of Dalman, said by that author to have been found
in amber, and remarkable for having only one joint to the an-
tenn: the present specimens were found in the centre of nests of
black ants, three to six at a time, but not frequently occurring,
Mr. Westwood also exhibited, from Mr. Melly’s collection, two
Goliath beetles from Tropical America: they were two distinct
species of the genus Dicranorhina, closely resembling each other,
and hitherto confounded under the name of G. micans, Drury.
He read the following description of each:
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, Ixxxvil
D. micans, Drury.
D. aureo-viridis, tarsis (articulo basali excepto subaureo), an-
tennis et parte antica capitis nigris; capite carina tenue ele-
vata nigra per totam longitudinem currente, utrinque in parte
antica excavata, fossulaque parum profunda nigra utrinque
postice ad tuberculum elevatum, marginis interni oculorum
extensa ; lateribus dente parvo obtuso ante antennas angulis-
que anticis extus in cornua duo brevia obtusa lateraliter
divergentia productis ; cornu antico compresso nigro, in den-
tibus duobus angustioribus et longioribus prodeunti; pro-
thorace postice magis transversé quadrato; tibiarum anti-
carum spinis minus productis, barbaque articuli ultimi tar-
sorum anticorum majori, dimidium faciei ejus interne occu-
panti, pygidio magis punctato.
Long. corp. $ cum cornu clypei unc. 12.
In Mus. D. Melly.
Habitat ?
D. cavifrons, Westw.
D. lete viridis vel aureo-viridis; tarsis, antennis verticeque
excavato nigris, capitis lateribus elevatis divergentibus, ex-
terne in tuberculum parvum conicum productis anticeque
utrinque in cornu porrecto trunco nigro productis; disco
excavatione profunda absque carina media _longitudinali,
clypeo in cornu medio subplano nigro, apice in dentibus
duobus brevibus conicis subplanis prodeunti, prothorace
postice magis conico; tibiis anticis multi-spinosis spinisque
majoribus; barbaque articuli ultimi parva; pygidio fere
leevi.
Long. corp. cum cornu clypei une. 13—1%.
In Mus. Melly, Westwood, &c.
Habitat Senegallia.
He also exhibited Ptinide, found in a barrow 1400 years old,
by Albert Way, Esq., of Reigate: they were observed on bones
in a covered vase, which again was enclosed in another vase
covered with a stone, and a quantity of earth: he inclined to
believe that they had not penetrated through these coverings,
but had been deposited with the bones. Full details of the dis-
covery of these insects have been published in the Journal of the
Archeological Institute for October, 1849.
]xxxvill PROCEEDINGS OF THE
Mr. Douglas read a continuation of his memoir on the genus
Gelechia of Zeller.
Mr. Stainton read a paper on the synonymy of Llachista era-
tella of Zeller.
The President announced that he was instructed to offer as a
prize the work of Fischer von Roslerstamm, on Lepidoptera, for
the best monograph of some genus of Tortrices, subject to the
following conditions :—1. The prize to be awarded to the writer
of the best monograph of some genus of Tortrices (the genus not
to contain less than twelve species). 2. The monograph to be
forwarded to the President of the Entomological Society, not later
than April 15th, 1850. 3. The President to appoint three Ento-
mologists (who are not contending for the prize) to act as exami-
ners, and to decide which of the monographs sent in is the best.
4, Their decision to be announced at the May meeting of the
Entomological Society.
The Secretary announced that vol. v. part 8, of the Society’s
Transactions was on the table.
December 3rd, 1849.
G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair.
DonarTION.
The following donation was announced, and thanks ordered to
be given to the Donor.
The Zoologist for 1849, July to December, by E. Newman,
Esq.
Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.
Mr. Stainton stated, in allusion to the latter portion of the
Minutes of the preceding Meeting, it was his own intention to
offer the three first volumes of the ‘ Linnzea Entomologica” as a
prize for the second best monograph of Tortrices.
Mr. Stainton exhibited some specimens of Tinea ferruginella,
Hbn. (ustella, Haw., St), taken in a coal mine near Glasgow by
Mr. Scott, and remarked that it was not a little singular that
though bred in the dark the specimens were very brightly co-
loured.
Mr. Westwood exhibited a box of exotic Coleoptera from the
Collection of A. Melly, Esq., containing a further series of Austra-
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. _ Ixxxix
lian Pselaphide, a Brazilian species of Articerus, and several
Australian species of Cryptodus and allied genera.
Mr. Westwood also exhibited specimens, in all its stages, of
Baridius trinotus (vestitus, Schénherr), an American species of
weevil, about the size of Calandra granaria, which had been com-
municated to him by Mr. Josiah Forster, having been observed
by Miss Morris, of Germantown, to attack the potatoes in Ame-
rica to such an extent as to have led to the belief of its being the
real cause of the potato disease. The eggs are deposited in the
leaf-buds, and the larvee, as soon as hatched, burrow into the
stems, within which they feed, descending to the root and causing
the decay of the plant.
Messrs. Westwood, Stephens and Waterhouse said, that of
course this insect was not the cause of the potato disease, but the
fact was certainly interesting; the identical species trinotus not
being British, the species of the genus Baridius being rare in this
country, and none of them frequenting the potato.
Mr. Shepherd exhibited a magnificent series of Peronea Has-
tiana, L., bred from larve and pupe found in sallow leaves, in
the neighbourhood of London.
Mr. Saunders read a paper on a species of Histheses and [pete
carissima, Newm.
The President announced, that a Book had been sent to him,
and was on the table, in which any gentleman who wished to
become a promoter of the Great Exhibition of the Works of In-
dustry of all Nations, in 1851, was requested to sign his name.
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